Cichlid

Cichlid
Angelfish air tawar, Pterophyllum scalare
Pengelasan saintifik
Alam:	Haiwan
Filum:	Chordata
Kelas:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Perciformes
Suborder:	Labroidei
Keluarga:	Cichlidae Heckel, 1840
Subfamili
Astronotinae Cichlasomatinae Cichlinae Etroplinae Geophaginae Heterochromidinae Paratilapiinae Pseudocrenilabrinae Ptychochrominae Retroculinae Untuk genera, lihat di bawah.

Cichlid (pron.: /ˈsɪklɨd/) adalah sejenis ikan dari keluarga Cichlidae dalam order Perciformes. Cichlid merupakan anggota dalam kumpulan yang dikenali sebagai Labroidei bersama-sama dengan wrasses (Labridae), damselfish (Pomacentridae) dan surfperches (Embiotocidae). Keluarga ikan dari spesies ini adalah besar dan pelbagai. Sekurang-kurangnya 1,300 spesies telah diperincikan dari segi saintifik, menjadikan ia salah satu dari keluarga vertebrata terbesar. Spesies-spesies baru ditemui pada setiap tahun, kebanyakannya masih belum diperincikan. Jumlah sebenar spesies ini tidak diketahui, dengan anggaran di antara 1,300 sehingga 3,000 spesies.

Genera

Setakat tahun 2006, terdapat kira-kira 220 genera telah diakui dan dikategorikan oleh FishBase:

Abactochromis Oliver & Arnegard 2010 Acarichthys Eigenmann 1912 Acaronia Myers 1940 Aequidens Eigenmann & Bray 1894 Allochromis Greenwood 1980 Alticorpus Stauffer & McKaye 1988 Altolamprologus Poll 1986 Amatitlania Schmitter-Soto, 2007 Amphilophus Agassiz, 1859 Andinoacara Musilova, Z., Rican, O. & Novak, J., 2009 Anomalochromis Greenwood 1985 Apistogramma Regan 1913 Apistogrammoides Meinken 1965 Archocentrus Gill 1877 Aristochromis Trewavas, 1935 Astatoreochromis Pellegrin 1904 Astatotilapia Pellegrin 1904 Astronotus Swainson 1839 Aulonocara Regan 1922 Aulonocranus Regan 1920 Australoheros Rican & Kullander 2006 Baileychromis Poll 1986 Bathybates Boulenger 1898 Benitochromis Lamboj 2001 Benthochromis Poll 1986 Biotodoma Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903 Biotoecus Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903 Boulengerochromis Pellegrin 1904 Buccochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Bujurquina Kullander 1986 Callochromis Regan 1920 Caprichromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Caquetaia Fowler 1945 Cardiopharynx Poll 1942 Chaetobranchopsis Steindachner, 1875 Chaetobranchus Heckel, 1840 Chalinochromis Poll 1974 Champsochromis Boulenger 1915 Cheilochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Chetia Trewavas 1961 Chilochromis Boulenger 1902 Chilotilapia Boulenger 1908 Chromidotilapia Boulenger 1898 Cichla Bloch & Schneider 1801 Cichlasoma Swainson 1839 Cleithracara Kullander & Nijssen 1989 Congochromis Stiassny & Schliewen 2007 Copadichromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Corematodus Boulenger 1897 Crenicara Steindachner 1875 Crenicichla Heckel 1840 Cryptoheros Allgayer 2001 Ctenochromis Pfeffer 1893 Ctenopharynx Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Cunningtonia Boulenger 1906 Cyathochromis Trewavas 1935 Cyathopharynx Regan 1920 Cyclopharynx Poll 1948 Cynotilapia Regan 1922 Cyphotilapia Regan 1920 Cyprichromis Scheuermann 1977 Cyrtocara Boulenger 1902 Danakilia Thys van den Audenaerde 1969 Dicrossus Steindachner 1875 Dimidiochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Diplotaxodon Trewavas 1935 Divandu Lamboj & Snoeks 2000 Docimodus Boulenger 1897 Eclectochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Ectodus Boulenger 1898 Eretmodus Boulenger 1898 Etia Schliewen & Stiassny 2003 Etroplus Cuvier 1830 Exochochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Fossorochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Gaurochromis Greenwood 1980 Genyochromis Trewavas 1935 Geophagus Heckel 1840 Gephyrochromis Boulenger 1901 Gnathochromis Poll 1981 Gobiocichla Kanazawa 1951

Grammatotria Boulenger 1899 Greenwoodochromis Poll 1983 Guianacara Kullander & Nijssen 1989 Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro 1918 Haplochromis Hilgendorf 1888 Haplotaxodon Boulenger 1906 Hemibates Regan 1920 Hemichromis Peters 1857 Hemitaeniochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Hemitilapia Boulenger 1902 Herichthys Baird & Girard 1854 Heroina Kullander, 1996 Heros Heckel, 1840 Heterochromis Regan 1922 Hoplarchus Kaup,1860 Hoplotilapia Hilgendorf 1888 Hypselecara Kullander 1986 Hypsophrys Agassiz 1859 Interochromis Yamaoka, Hori & Kuwamura 1988 Iodotropheus Oliver & Loiselle 1972 Iranocichla Coad 1982 IvanacaraRomer & Hahn 2006 Julidochromis Boulenger 1898 Katria Stiassny & Sparks 2006 Konia Trewavas 1972 Krobia Kullander & Nijssen 1989 Labeotropheus Ahl 1926 Labidochromis Trewavas 1935 Labrochromis Greenwood 1980 Laetacara Kullander 1986 Lamprologus Schilthuis 1891 Lepidiolamprologus Pellegrin 1904 Lestradea Poll 1943 Lethrinops Regan 1922 Lichnochromis Trewavas 1935 Limbochromis Greenwood 1987 Limnochromis Regan 1920 Limnotilapia Regan 1920 Lipochromis Greenwood 1980 Lithochromis Lippitsch & Seehausen 1998 Lobochilotes Boulenger 1915 Macropleurodus Regan 1922 Maylandia Meyer & Foerster 1984 (see also Metriaclima) Mazarunia Kullander 1990 Mbipia Lippitsch & Seehausen 1998 Mchenga Stauffer & Konings, 2006 Melanochromis Trewavas, 1935 Mesonauta Günther, 1862 Microchromis Johnson 1975 Mikrogeophagus Meulengracht-Madson 1968 Myaka Trewavas 1972 Mylacochromis Greenwood 1980 Mylochromis Regan 1920 Naevochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Nandopsis Gill, 1862 Nannacara Regan 1905 Nanochromis Pellegrin 1904 Neochromis Regan 1920 Neolamprologus Colombe & Allgayer 1985 Nimbochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Nyassachromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Ophthalmotilapia Pellegrin 1904 Oreochromis Günther 1889 Orthochromis Greenwood 1954 Otopharynx Regan 1920 Oxylapia Kiener & Maugé 1966 Pallidochromis Turner 1994 Parachromis Agassiz 1859 Paracyprichromis Poll 1986 Paralabidochromis Greenwood 1956 Parananochromis Greenwood 1987 Paraneetroplus Regan 1905

Paratilapia Bleeker, 1868 Paretroplus Bleeker, 1868 Pelmatochromis Steindachner 1894 Pelvicachromis Thys van den Audenaerde 1968 Perissodus Boulenger 1898 Petenia Günther, 1862 Petrochromis Boulenger 1898 Petrotilapia Trewavas 1935 Pharyngochromis Greenwood 1979 Placidochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Platytaeniodus Boulenger 1906 Plecodus Boulenger 1898 Protomelas Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Pseudocrenilabrus Fowler 1934 Pseudosimochromis Nelissen 1977 Pseudotropheus Regan 1922 Pterochromis Trewavas 1973 Pterophyllum Heckel 1840 Ptychochromis Steindachner 1880 Ptychochromoides Kiener & Mauge 1966 Pundamilia Seehausen & Lippitsch 1998 Pungu Trewavas 1972 Pyxichromis Greenwood 1980 Reganochromis Whitley 1929 Retroculus Eigenmann & Bray 1894 Rhamphochromis Regan 1922 Rocio Schmitter-Soto, 2007 Sargochromis Regan 1920 Sarotherodon Rppell 1852 Satanoperca Günther, 1862 Schubotzia Boulenger 1914 Schwetzochromis Poll 1948 Sciaenochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Serranochromis Regan 1920 Simochromis Boulenger 1898 Spathodus Boulenger 1900 Steatocranus Boulenger 1899 Stigmatochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Stomatepia Trewavas 1962 Symphysodon Heckel 1840 Taeniacara Myers 1935 Taeniochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Taeniolethrinops Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Tahuantinsuyoa Kullander 1991 Tangachromis Poll 1981 Tanganicodus Poll 1950 Teleocichla Kullander 1988 Teleogramma Boulenger 1899 Telmatochromis Boulenger 1898 Theraps Günther, 1862 Thoracochromis Greenwood 1979 Thorichthys Meek 1904 Thysochromis Daget 1988 Tilapia Smith, 1840 See also: Tilapiine cichlids Tomocichla Regan 1908 Tramitichromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Trematocara Boulenger 1899 Trematocranus Trewavas 1935 Triglachromis Poll & Thys van den Audenaerde 1974 Tristramella Trewavas 1942 Tropheus Boulenger 1898 Tylochromis Regan 1920 Tyrannochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Uaru Heckel 1840 Variabilichromis Colombe & Allgayer 1985 Vieja Fernandez-Yepez 1969 Xenochromis Boulenger 1899 Xenotilapia Boulenger 1899 Yssichromis Greenwood 1980

Bacaan lanjut

• Barlow, G. W. (2000). The Cichlid fishes. Cambridge MA: Perseus Publishing.
• Cichlidae (TSN 169770). Sistem Maklumat Taksonomi Bersepadu. Diperolehi pada RALAT: SILA SERTAKAN TARIKH PEROLEHAN {{{accessdate}}}.: National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., 2004-05-11).

Pautan luar

• Cichlid di Projek Direktori Terbuka
• The Cichlid Fishes of Lake Malawi by Dr. Michael Oliver.
• Vision in Cichlids: Ecomorphology of vision in haplochromine cichlids of Lake Victoria by Dr. H.J. van der Meer.