Hari Santo Patrick

Hari Santo Patrick
Hari Santo Patrick
	Perayaan Hari St Patrick di Cork, Ireland, 2004.
Juga dikenali sebagai	St Patrick's Day; St Paddy's Day; Patrick's Day; Paddy's Day
Diraikan oleh/di	Rakyat Ireland dan penduduk dunia berketurunan Ireland
Jenis	Kebangsaan, Etnik, Kristian
Sambutan	Menghadiri misa atau sembahyang di gereja, menyertai perarakan, menghadiri Céilidh, memakai syamrok, memakai serba hijau
Tarikh	17 Mac

Hari Santo Patrick (bahasa Inggeris: Saint Patrick's Daycode: en is deprecated , Ireland: Lá Fhéile Pádraigcode: ga is deprecated ) ialah perayaan tahunan yang disambut pada 17 Mac, sebagai tanda memperingati bakti Santo Patrick (circa 387–493 M), santo penaung Ireland yang paling dikenali ramai. Perayaan St Patrick yang bermula sebagai perayaan Kristian yang menjadi hari kenduri pada 1600-an, bagaimanapun kini lebih berbentuk perayaan sekular kebudayaan Ireland.

Selain menjadi cuti umum di pulau Ireland (Ireland Utara dan Republik Ireland), Hari St Patrick juga disambut secara meluas di kawasan-kawasan yang diduduki oleh ramai warga berketurunan Ireland termasuk di Great Britain, Kanada, Amerika Syarikat, Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, Montserrat dan lain-lain lagi.

Santo Patrick[sunting | sunting sumber]

Walaupun tidak banyak yang diketahui mengenai kehidupan awal Patrick, namun beliau dipastikan lahir dalam sebuah keluarga Rom-British yang kaya-raya di pulau Britain yang dinaungi oleh Rom pada abad ke-5. Bapa dan datuknya paderi gereja. Ketika berusia 16 tahun, Patrick diculik oleh seberapa orang penyamun yang membawanya ke pulau Ireland, Patrick ditahan di sekitar pantai barat pulau tersebut sebagai hamba.^[1] Menurut Pengakuannya, beliau bermimpi bahawa Tuhan memfirmankannya agar melarikan diri ke pantai untuk menaiki kapal untuk pulang ke Britain. Sekembalinya ke Britain, beliau terus menyertai suatu Gereja di Auxerre di Gaul lalu menelaah untuk menjadi paderi.

Pada tahun 432, beliau mengaku diseru kembali ke Ireland agar menjad uskup memimpin menyelamatkan bangsa Ireland dengan menyeru ke arah agamanya; beliau berjaya berbuat demikian dari kaum kerabat, bangsawan sampailah ke rakyat jelata memlaui pengunaan budaya mereka sendiri sebagai bentuk pengajaran yang sejadi.

Setelah menghabiskan hampir 30 tahun mengajar dan menyebarkan agama Kristian, Patrick menghembuskan nafas terakhirnya pada 18 Mac 461 M, lalu dimakamkan di Downpatrick menurut penceritaan lama. Sungguhpun disusuli oleh mubaligh Rom yang lebih berjaya di Ireland, namun Patrick bertahan sebagai pejuang utama agama Kristian di Ireland, oleh itu beliau amat disanjungi dalam Gereja Ireland.

Budaya berkaitan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Shamrock (seamróg)[sunting | sunting sumber]

Shamrock merujuk kepada seberapa jenis tumbuhan dalam keluarga Fabaceae yang dikenali kerana rupa dedaunnya yang tiga. Santo Patrick dipercayai menggunakan daun tumbuhan ini untuk menerangkan doktrin Tritunggal Katolik –yakni, kepercayaan terhadap kewujudan Tuhan dalam bentuk "bapa", "anak" dan "roh kudus" – kepada warga Ireland, lagi-lagi dengan adanya wujud dewi tiga dan motif seni triskelion dalam anutan dan adat asal masyarakat tersebut.^[2]^[3]^[4] Oleh itu pemakaian dan peragaan lambang dan reka bentuk syamrok sentiasa ada di mana sahaja perayaan ini disambut.^[5]^[6] Ada juga sejarawan yang percaya bahawa dedaun ini turut dipilih kerana ia melambangkan "kelahiran semula" yang boleh diumpamakan dengan pemelukan agama Kristian diserukan Patrick.^[7]

Warna hijau[sunting | sunting sumber]

Pada awalnya, Santo Patrick dikaitkan dengan warna biru,^[8] namun warna hijau lama-kelamaan semakin dikaitkan dengan sambutan ini hasil pengaitannya dengan dedaun shamrock dipakai menyambutan santo ini seawal abad ke-17.^[9]

Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ "Confession of St. Patrick". Christian Classics Ethereal Library at Calvin College. Dicapai pada 2010-03-10.
^ Monaghan, Patricia (1 January 2009). The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1-438-11037-0. There is no evidence that the clover or wood sorrel (both of which are called shamrocks) were sacred to the Celts in any way. However, the Celts had a philosophical and cosmological vision of triplicity, with many of their divinities appearing in three. Thus when St. Patrick, attempting to convert the Druids on Beltane, held up a shamrock and discoursed on the Christian Trinity, the three-in-one god, he was doing more than finding a homely symbol for a complex religious concept. He was indicating knowledge of the significance of three in the Celtic realm, a knowledge that probably made his mission far easier and more successful than if he had been unaware of that number's meaning.
^ Hegarty, Neil (24 April 2012). Story of Ireland. Ebury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-448-14039-8. In some ways, though, the Christian mission resonated: pre-Christian devotion was characterized by, for example, the worship of gods in groups of three, by sayings collected in threes (triads), and so on – from all of which the concept of the Holy Trinity was not so very far removed. Against this backdrop the myth of Patrick and his three-leafed shamrock fits quite neatly.
^ Homan, Roger (2006). The Art of the Sublime: Principles of Christian Art and Architecture. Ashgate Publishing. m/s. 37.
^ "St. Patrick's Day: Fact vs. Fiction". Dicapai pada 2009-03-31.
^ "Holiday has history". Dicapai pada 2009-03-21.
^ Santino, Jack (1995). All Around the Year: Holidays and Celebrations in American Life. University of Illinois Press. m/s. 80. ISBN 978-0-252-06516-3.
^ http://www.history.com/topics/st-patricks-day/videos#green
^ The Wearing of the Green: A History of St. Patrick's Day. Routledge. 2002. ISBN 9780415180047. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (bantuan)

Pautan luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

[1] "Confession of St. Patrick". Christian Classics Ethereal Library at Calvin College. Dicapai pada 2010-03-10.

[Monaghan2009-2] Monaghan, Patricia (1 January 2009). The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1-438-11037-0. There is no evidence that the clover or wood sorrel (both of which are called shamrocks) were sacred to the Celts in any way. However, the Celts had a philosophical and cosmological vision of triplicity, with many of their divinities appearing in three. Thus when St. Patrick, attempting to convert the Druids on Beltane, held up a shamrock and discoursed on the Christian Trinity, the three-in-one god, he was doing more than finding a homely symbol for a complex religious concept. He was indicating knowledge of the significance of three in the Celtic realm, a knowledge that probably made his mission far easier and more successful than if he had been unaware of that number's meaning.

[Hegarty2012-3] Hegarty, Neil (24 April 2012). Story of Ireland. Ebury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-448-14039-8. In some ways, though, the Christian mission resonated: pre-Christian devotion was characterized by, for example, the worship of gods in groups of three, by sayings collected in threes (triads), and so on – from all of which the concept of the Holy Trinity was not so very far removed. Against this backdrop the myth of Patrick and his three-leafed shamrock fits quite neatly.

[4] Homan, Roger (2006). The Art of the Sublime: Principles of Christian Art and Architecture. Ashgate Publishing. m/s. 37.

[5] "St. Patrick's Day: Fact vs. Fiction". Dicapai pada 2009-03-31.

[6] "Holiday has history". Dicapai pada 2009-03-21.

[Santino1995-7] Santino, Jack (1995). All Around the Year: Holidays and Celebrations in American Life. University of Illinois Press. m/s. 80. ISBN 978-0-252-06516-3.

[history.com-8] ttp://www.history.com/topics/st-patricks-day/videos#green

[9] The Wearing of the Green: A History of St. Patrick's Day. Routledge. 2002. ISBN 9780415180047. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (bantuan)

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