Hutang awam Amerika Syarikat

Hutang A.S. dari tahun 1940 hingga 2010. Garis merah menunjukkan **Hutang yang dipegang oleh Awam** (**Hutang bersih awam**) dan garis hitam menunjukkan **Jumlah Hutang Awam Outstanding** (**hutang kasar awam**), perbezaan di antara keduanya adalah hutang kasar termasuk hutang yang dipinjam oleh kerajaan persekutuan sendiri. Panel kedua menunjukkan hutang dua angka sebagai peratusan U.S. GDP (nilai dolar U.S. pengeluaran ekonomi bagi tahun tersebut). Panel teratas adalah dideflasi setiap tahun di dalam 2010 dollars.

Hutang awam Amerika Syarikat adalah wang yang dipinjam oleh Kerajaan persekutuan Amerika Syarikat pada sebarang sesuatu masa menerusi terbitan isu sekuriti oleh Treasury dan agensi-agensi persekutuan yang lain. Hutang awam Amerika Syarikat mengandungi dua komponen:

Hutang yang dipegang oleh awam mengandungi sekuriti-sekuriti yang dipegang oleh pelabur di luar kerajaan persekutuan, termasuklah yang dipegang oleh pelabur, Sistem Simpanan Persekutuan dan asing, kerajaan tempatan dan negeri.^[1]
Hutang antara kerajaan yang mengandungi sekuriti Perbendaharaan yang dipegang di dalam akaun-akaun yang ditadbir oleh kerajaan persekutuan, seperti Social Security Trust Fund.

Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ "Federal debt basics". United States Government Accountability Office. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2011-07-06. Dicapai pada August 6, 2011.

Bacaan lanjut[sunting | sunting sumber]

Bonner, William (2006). Empire of Debt: the Rise of an Epic Financial Crisis. Wiley. ISBN 047178253X. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (bantuan) Argues that America is a world empire that uses credit in lieu of tribute and that history shows this to be unsustainable.
Cavanaugh, Frances X. (1996). The Truth About the National Debt: Five Myths and One Reality. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press. ISBN 087584734X. Argues that the US is in good economic condition and that talk of the consequences of its debt is unduly alarmist.
Hargreaves, Eric L. (1966). The National Debt.
Macdonald, James (2006). A Free Nation Deep in Debt: The Financial Roots of Democracy. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-12632-1. Argues that democracies eventually defeat autocracies because "countries with representative institutions are able to borrow more cheaply than those with autocratic governments" (p. 4). Bond markets also strengthen democracies internally by giving citizens some of the proverbial power of the purse and by aligning their interests with those of their governments.
Taylor, George Rogers (ed.) (1950). Hamilton and the National Debt.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
Wright, Robert (2008). One Nation Under Debt: Hamilton, Jefferson, and the History of What We Owe. Mc-Graw Hill. ISBN 0071543937. Argues the US completely paid off its first national debt but is unlikely to do so again.

Pautan luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

10 Inconvenient Truths About the Debt Ceiling, by Jon Perr, Crooks and Liars June 2, 2011
Documentary about the debt, "Ten Trillion and Counting", by PBS Frontline
Bureau of the Public Debt Diarkibkan 2004-02-02 di Wayback Machine
- The Debt to the Penny and Who Holds It Diarkibkan 2011-04-18 di Wayback Machine public and intragovernmental
Federal Debt: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions Diarkibkan 2011-08-09 di Wayback Machine- Provides a broad range of information about federal debt including its relationship to the budget, ownership of the debt, debt management, and key policy considerations*The United States Public Debt, 1861 to 1975
GAO Citizen's Guide – 2008 Diarkibkan 2011-08-05 di Wayback Machine
National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform Diarkibkan 2011-04-13 di Wayback Machine
Historical Tables, Office of Management and Budget

[GAOdebtbasics-1] "Federal debt basics". United States Government Accountability Office. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2011-07-06. Dicapai pada August 6, 2011.

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