Masakan Cina Islam

Masakan Cina Islam (清真菜 atau 回族菜) merujuk kepada masakan Orang Hui (suku Cina Muslim) dan umat Islam lain yang tinggal di China.

Sejarah

Oleh kerana banyaknya penduduk Islam yang tinggal di barat China, banyak restoran di sana menghidang, atau dihidang oleh, umat Islam. Masakan Islam China Utara berasal dari China proper. Ia dipengaruh besar oleh masakan Beijing, dengan hampir semua cara masakan sama, dan berlainan hanya pada bahan oleh kerana had agama. Oleh itu, masakan Islam utara sering termasuk dalam masakan Beijing.

Secara tradisional, terdapat perbezaan antara masakan Islam China utara dan selatan walaupun keduanya menggunakan daging kambing dan bebiri. Northern Chinese Islamic cuisine relies heavily on beef, but rarely ducks, geese, shrimp or seafood, while southern Islamic cuisine is the reverse. The reason for this difference is due to availability of the ingredients. Oxen have been long used for farming and Chinese governments have frequently strictly prohibited the slaughter of oxen for food. However, due to the geographic proximity of the northern part of China to minority-dominated regions that were not subjected to such restrictions, beef could be easily purchased and transported to northern China. At the same time, ducks, geese, and shrimp are rare in comparison to southern China due to the arid climate of northern China.

A Chinese Islamic restaurant (清真菜館 mandarin: qīngzhēn càiguǎn) can be similar to a Mandarin restaurant with the exception that there is no pork on the menu. The Chinese word for halal is "pure truth" (清真, pinyin: qīngzhēn) food (菜, cài), so a Chinese Islamic restaurant is a "qingzhen restaurant" that serves "qingzhen" food.

In most major cities in China, there are small Islamic restaurants typically run by migrants from Western China (e.g., Uyghurs), which offer inexpensive noodle soup. These restaurants are typically decorated with Islamic motifs such as pictures of Islamic rugs and Arabic writing.

Another difference is that lamb and mutton dishes are more commonly available than in other Chinese restaurants, due to the greater prevalence of these meats in the cuisine of western Chinese regions. (Rujuk imej 1.)

Many cafeterias (canteens) at Chinese universities have separate sections or dining areas for Muslim students (Hui or western Chinese minorities), typically labeled "qingzhen." Student ID cards sometimes indicate whether a student is Muslim, and will allow access to these dining areas, or will allow access on special occasions such as the Eid feast following Ramadan.

Hidangan masyhur

Lamian

Lamian (Rujuk imej 2) (Cina Ringkas: 拉面; Cina Tradisional: 拉麵; pinyin: lāmiàn) adalah hidangan Cina diperbuat tangan dari mi, biasanya dikhidmat dalam daging lembu atau sup berperisa kambing (湯麵 tāngmiàn), tetapi kadang-kadang digorang-stir (炒麵 chǎomiàn) dan dikhidmat dengan sos berasas-tomato. Secara harfiah, 拉 (lā)bermakna untuk menarik atau stretch, sedangkan 麵 (miàn) bermakna mi. Proses buatan tangan termasuk mengambil selump dough dan secara berulang stretchingnya untuk mengeluarkan mi satu yang sangat panjang.

Chuanr

Chuanr (Chinese :串儿, pinyin: chuànr (shortened from "chuan er"); "kebab"), originating in the Xinjiang (新疆) province of China and in recent years has been disseminated throughout the rest of that country, most notably in Beijing. It is a product of the Chinese Islamic cuisine of the Uyghur (维吾尔) people and other Chinese Muslims. Yang rou chuan, or lamb kebabs, is particularly popular.

Mi sup daging lembu

Mi sup daging lembu (Rujuk imej 3) is a noodle soup dish composed of stewed beef, beef broth, vegetables and wheat noodles. It exists in various forms throughout East Asia and Southeast Asia. The most common Vietnamese version is called Bo kho, but which uses rice noodles instead. It was created by the Hui people during the Tang Dynasty of China.

In the West, this food may be served in a small portion as a soup. In China, a large bowl of it is often taken as a whole meal with or without any side dish.

Suan cai

Suan cai or Chinese Sauerkraut is a traditional Chinese cuisine vegetable dish used in a variety of ways. It consists of pickled Chinese cabbage. Suan cai is a unique form of pao cai due to the material used and the method of production. Although suan cai is not exclusively Chinese Islamic cuisine, it is used in Chinese Islamic cuisine to top off noodle soups, especially beef noodle soup.

Nang

Nang 馕 - A type of round unleavened bread, topped with sesame - similar to South and Central Asia naan.

Galeri imej

• 

  Imej 2: Lamian daging lembu gaya Lanzhou.

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  Image 3: Mi sup daging lembu.

Pautan luar

• A San Francisco Chronicle article on a Chinese Islamic restaurant in the US
• www.chinaheritagequarterly.org

Lihat juga

• Masakan Arab
• Masakan Iran
• Masakan Cina
• Lanzhou
• Gansu
• Shaanxi
• Xi'an
• Islam di China
• Masakan Xinjiang