Pandemik selesema 1918

Carta kematian di bandar utama.

Pandemik selesema 1918 (biasanya disebut Selesema Sepanyol) merupakan pandemik influenza kategori 5 yang bermula di Amerika Syarikat, muncul di Afrika Barat dan Perancis, lalu tersebar hampir ke seluruh dunia. Pandemik merupakan yang pertama disebabkan oleh virus influenza A subjenis H1N1. Kebanyakan yang mati akibat selsema ini adalah para belia, berbeza dengan kebanyakan wabak selsema lain, yang meragut nyawa kanak-kanak, orang tua dan pesakit-pesakit lain yang daya tahannya kurang.

Selsema Sepanyol terjadi dari Mac 1918 hingga Jun 1920, dan tersebar sehingga ke Artik dan kepulauan Pasifik. Diperkirakan 50 hingga 100 juta orang di seluruh dunia terkorban, menjadikannya antara bencana alam paling membawa maut di dunia.

Sejarah

Di Amerika Syarikat, penyakit ini mula disyaki di Haskell County, Kansas, pada Januari 1918. Pada 4 Mac 1918, tukang masak Albert Gitchell jatuh sakit di Fort Riley, Kansas, kemudian disahkan kerana penyakit ini. Menjelang tengah hari 11 Mac 1918, lebih 100 askar telah dimasukkan ke hospital.

Bacaan lanjut

• Barry, John M. (2004). The Great Influenza: The Epic Story of the Greatest Plague in History, Viking Penguin. ISBN 0-670-89473-7.

• Crosby, Alfred W. (1990). America's Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-38695-0.

• Johnson, Niall (2006). Britain and the 1918-19 Influenza Pandemic: A Dark Epilogue, London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-36560-0.

• Johnson, Niall (2003). "Measuring a pandemic: Mortality, demography and geography". Popolazione e Storia: 31-52. 

• Johnson, Niall (2003). "Scottish ’flu – The Scottish mortality experience of the “Spanish flu". Scottish Historical Review 83 (2): 216-226. 

• Johnson, Niall; Juergen Mueller (2002). "Updating the accounts: global mortality of the 1918–1920 ‘Spanish’ influenza pandemic". Bulletin of the History of Medicine 76: 105–15. 

• Kolata, Gina. Flu: The Story of the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 and the Search for the Virus That Caused It (1999) ISBN 0-374-15706-5

• Little, Jean (2007). If I Die Before I Wake: The Flu Epidemic Diary of Fiona Macgregor, Toronto, Ontario, 1918, Dear Canada, Markham, Ont.: Scholastic Canada. ISBN 9780439988377.

• Noymer, Andrew; Michel Garenne (2000). "The 1918 Influenza Epidemic's Effects on Sex Differentials in Mortality in the United States". Population and Development Review 26 (3): 565-581. ISSN 0098-7921. 

• Oxford JS, Sefton A, Jackson R, Innes W, Daniels RS, Johnson NP (2002). "World War I may have allowed the emergence of "Spanish" influenza". The Lancet infectious diseases 2 (2): 111-4. PMID 11901642. 

• Oxford JS, Sefton A, Jackson R, Johnson NP, Daniels RS (1999). "Who's that lady?". Nat. Med. 5 (12): 1351-2. doi:10.1038/70913. PMID 10581070. 

• Phillips, Howard; David Killingray (eds) (2003). The Spanish Flu Pandemic of 1918: New Perspectives, London and New York: Routledge.

• Rice, Geoffrey W.; Edwina Palmer (1993). "Pandemic Influenza in Japan, 1918-1919: Mortality Patterns and Official Responses". Journal of Japanese Studies 19 (2): 389-420. ISSN 0095-6848. 

• Rice, Geoffrey W. (2005). Black November: the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in New Zealand. ISBN 1-877257-35-4.

• Tumpey TM, García-Sastre A, Mikulasova A, et al (2002). "Existing antivirals are effective against influenza viruses with genes from the 1918 pandemic virus". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (21): 13849-54. doi:10.1073/pnas.212519699. PMID 12368467. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/99/21/13849. 

Pautan luar

• Video from Expert Panel Discussion on Avian Flu
• Nature "Web Focus" on 1918 flu, including new research
• Influenza Pandemic on stanford.edu
• Article: The Deadliest Fall
• Influenza 1918 in the United States on pbs.org
• Secrets of the Dead: Killer Flu (PBS)
• Flu by Eileen A. Lynch. The devastating effect of the Spanish flu in the city of Philadelphia, PA, USA
• Dialog: An Interview with Dr. Jeffery Taubenberger on Reconstructing the Spanish Flu
• The Deadly Virus - The Influenza Epidemic of 1918, by the National Archives and Records Administration (see actual pictures and records of the time).
• The 1918 Influenza Pandemic in New Zealand - includes recorded recollections of people who lived through it
• Experts Unlock Clues to Spread of 1918 Flu Virus - The New York Times
• PBS - recovery of flu samples from Alaskan flu victims
• An Avian Connection as a Catalyst to the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic
• Alaska Science Forum - Permafrost Preserves Clues to Deadly 1918 Flu
• Pathology of Influenza in France, 1920 Report
• "Deadly secret of 1918 flu virus unmasked", Cosmos magazine, September 2006
• Yesterday's News blog, 1918 newspaper account on impact of flu on Minneapolis
• "Lethal secrets of 1918 flu virus" BBC News, January 2007
• "Study uncovers a lethal secret of 1918 influenza virus" University of Wisconsin - Madison, January 17, 2007
• "The site of origin of the 1918 influenza pandemic and its public health implications" Journal of Translational Medicine, January 20, 2004

Rencana ini merupakan rencana tunas. Anda boleh membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.