Agama Ryukyu
Agama Ryukyu, Ryukyu Shinto (琉球神道), Nirai Kanai Shinkou (ニライカナイ信仰), atau Utaki Shinkou (御嶽信仰) merupakan sistem kepercayaan masyarakat asli Kepulauan Ryukyu. Walaupun legenda dan tradisi tertentu yang berbeza dari tempat ke tempat dan pulau ke pulau, agama Ryukyu secara umumnya bercirikan penyembahan nenek moyang (lebih tepat memberi :penghormatan kepada nenek moyang") dan menghormati hubungan antara yang hidup, mati, dewa dan semangat alam semula jadi. Sebahagian daripada kepercayaannya, seperti yang berkaitan dengan semangat genius loci dan makhluk lain yang diklasifikasikan antara dewa-dewa dan manusia, menandakan akar animistik purba, seperti kebimbangannya terhadap mabui (まぶい?), atau intipati hidup.
Lama kelamaan, agama Ryukyu telah dipengaruhi dengan agama China (Taoisme, Konfusianisme, and kepercayaan rakyat), Buddhisme dan Shinto.[1] Salah satu kepercayaan kuno ialah kepercayaan onarigami (おなり神), keunggulan semangat wanita yang datang dari Amamikyu, yang membenarkan pembinaan sistem noro.
Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ Edward E. Bollinger. (c. 1965). The Unity of Government and Religion in the Ryukyu Islands to 1,500 A.D.
Bacaan tambahan[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Edward E. Bollinger. The Shaman of Okinawa vs. the Gospel. Meynard Publishing Ltd.: Tokyo, Japan, 2000. ISBN 978-4-944025-73-2 C0039.
- George H. Kerr. Okinawa: the History of an Island People. Tuttle Publishing: Boston, MA, U.S., 2000. ISBN 978-0-8048-2087-5
- Masaharu Matayoshi & Joyce Trafton. Ancestors Worship: Okinawa's Indigenous Belief System. Printed at University of Toronto Press, Inc.: Toronto, Canada, 2000. ISBN 978-0-9701798-0-7. A large portion of the content of this page was drawn from this work.
- Masaaki Nagata, trans. by Katsue Hyatt. Okinawan Folk Stories. A collection of Uchinanchu folk tales.
- Manabu Ooshiro, trans. by Marie Yamazato. Eisaa. Yui Publishing Co. for Okinawa Department of Culture and Environment, Cultural and International Affairs Bureau, Culture Promotion Division, Naha City, 1998.
- trans. by Sally Ooshiro. Irōsetsuden (遺老説伝). Presented as thesis towards completion of M.A., University of Hawaii, 1964. Along with the Omoro Sōshi, it is one of the collections of Ryukyu history and legend. Compiled in the 17th century by Shuri scholars.
- Susan Sered. Women of the Sacred Groves: Divine Priestesses of Okinawa. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN 978-0-19-512487-3.
Bibliografi terpilih[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Legends of Okinawa by Sesoku Chizue. First publication, Okinawa, 1969. Hard-to-find collection of legends and folk tales.
- The Ghosts of Okinawa by Jayne Hitchcock. MHS Printing, April, 2000. ISBN 978-4-9900359-5-2. A short collection of ghost stories from around Okinawa. More information available at the author's website.
- Ouwehand, C. (1985). Hateruma: socio-religious aspects of a South-Ryukyuan island culture. Leiden: E.J. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-07710-2
Pautan luar[sunting | sunting sumber]
- (Jepun)琉球大学附属図書館University of the Ryukyus Library Databases of many online old materials about the Ryukyuan Culture, such as old Chinese and Japanese texts in the 伊波普猷文庫 Diarkibkan 2009-04-01 di Wayback Machine("Iha Fuyū text database")
- (Jepun)沖縄の歴史情報(ORJ) Many old texts about Ryukyu, some are old Ryukyuan texts.
- Okinawa Myths, Festival, and Priestess information.