Bahasa Hungary
Hungarian | ||||
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magyar, magyar nyelv | ||||
Sebutan | akan ditambah | |||
Asli di | Hungary dan kawasan Austria timur, Croatia, Poland, Romania, utara Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, barat Ukraine. | |||
Etnik | Orang Hungary | |||
Penutur asli | 13 juta (2002–2012)e18 | |||
Keluarga bahasa |
Bahasa Ural
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Sistem penulisan | Rumi (Abjad Hungary) Braille Hungary Abjad Hungary Lama |
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status rasmi | ||||
Bahasa rasmi di | ![]() ![]() |
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Diiktiraf sebagai bahasa minoriti dalam | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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Dikawal oleh | Institut Penyelidikan untuk Linguistik Akademi Hungary Sains | |||
Kod bahasa | ||||
ISO 639-1 | hu | |||
ISO 639-2 | hun | |||
ISO 639-3 | Either: hun — Hungary Moden ohu — Hungary Lama |
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Linguist List | ohu Hungary Lama | |||
Linguasphere | 41-BAA-a | |||
Wilayah Eropah Tengah yang bahasa ibundanya bahasa Hungary mewakili majoriti (biru tua) dan minoriti (biru muda). Berdasarkan banci terkini dan Buku Fakta Dunia CIA 2014[1]
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Bahasa Hungary atau Bahasa Magyar (magyar nyelv listen (bantuan·maklumat)) merupakan satu ahli famili bahasa-bahasa Finno-Ugrik, secara terperincinya satu bahasa Ugrik yang tiada pertalian darah dengan bahasa-bahasa Eropah Tengah yang lain. Sebagai salah satu daripada sebilangan kecil bahasa Eropah moden yang tidak tergolong dalam famili bahasa-bahasa Indo-Eropah, bahasa Hungary banyak meraih minat para pakar bahasa. Bahasa ini ditutur di negara Hungary serta kaum minoriti Hungary di tujuh buah negara yang berjiran dengan Hungary. Nama tempatan bahasa ini disebut magyar [ˈmɒɟɒr̪].
Terdapat kira-kira 13 juta orang yang menutur bahasa Hungary sebagai bahasa ibunda, termasuk 9.5-10 juta orang yang tinggal di Hungary zaman sekarang. Terdapat dua juta orang penutur yang tinggal di kawasan yang dahulunya merupakan sebahagian Kerajaan Hungary sebelum Perang Dunia Pertama, termasuklah kumpulan terbesar yang tinggal Romania, di mana terdapat kira-kira 1.4 juta orang berbangsa Hungary. Penutur bahasa Hungary juga didapati di Slovakia, Serbia, Ukraine, Croatia, Austria, dan Slovenia, serta kira-kira sejuta orang yang tinggal merata tempat di seluruh dunia.
Isi kandungan
Perbandingan perkataan Uralik[sunting | sunting sumber]
Wiktionary: Senarai Swadesh bagi bahasa-bahasa Uralik
Hungary | Finkand | Estonia | Erzya | Komi-Permyak | Melayu makna |
# mengikut senarai Swadesh |
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én | minä | mina | мон mon | ме me | saya | 1 |
te | sinä | sina | тон ton | тэ te | kamu | 2 |
ő | hän (dia)
se (ia) |
tema | сон son | сійö | dia, ia | 3 |
mi | me | meie, me | минь miń | ми mi | kami/kita | 4 |
ti | te | teie, te | тынь tyń | ти ti | kalian | 5 |
ez/itt | tämä/täällä | see | те te | тайö tajö | ini/sini | 7 |
az/ott | tuo/tuolla | too | што što | сійö sijö | itu/situ | 8 |
ki? | kuka? | kes? | кие? kije? | коді? kodi? | siapa? | 11 |
mi? | mitä? mikä? | mis? | мезе? meze? | мый? myj? | apa? | 12 |
egy | yksi | üks | вейке vejke | öтік ötik | satu | 22 |
kettő | kaksi | kaks | кавто kavto | кык kyk | dua | 23 |
három | kolme | kolm | колмо kolmo | куим kuim | tiga | 24 |
négy | neljä | neli | ниле nile | нёль ńol | empat | 25 |
öt | viisi | viis | вете vete | вит vit | lima | 26 |
nej | nainen 'woman' | naine | ни ni | гöтыр götyr | isteri | 40 |
anya | äiti | ema | (тиринь) ава (tiriń) ava | мам mam | ibu | 42 |
fa | puu | puu | чувто čuvto | пу pu | pokok | 51 |
vér | veri | veri | верь veŕ | вир vir | darah | 64 |
haj | hius, hiukset | juuksed | черь čeŕ | юрси jursi | rambut | 71 |
fej | pää | pea | пря pŕa | юр jur | kepala | 72 |
fül | korva | kõrv | пиле pile | пель peĺ | telinga | 73 |
szem | silmä | silm | сельме seĺme | син sin | mata | 74 |
orr | nenä | nina | судо sudo | ныр nyr | hidung | 75 |
száj | suu | suu | курго kurgo | вом vom | mulut | 76 |
fog | hammas | hammas | пей pej | пинь piń | gigi | 77 |
láb | jalka | jalg | пильге piĺge | кок kok | kaki | 80 |
kéz | käsi | käsi | кедь ked́ | ки ki | tangan | 83 |
szív/szűny | sydän | süda | седей sedej | сьöлöм śölöm | jantung | 90 |
inni | juoda | jooma | симемс simems | юны juny | minum | 92 |
tudni | tietää | teadma | содамс sodams | тöдны tödny | tahu | 103 |
élni | elää | elama | эрямс eŕams | овны ovny | hidup | 108 |
víz | vesi | vesi | ведь ved́ | ва va | air | 150 |
kő | kivi | kivi | кев kev | из iz | batu | 156 |
ég/menny | taivas | taevas | менель meneĺ | енэж jenezh | langit | 162 |
szél | tuuli | tuul | варма varma | тöв töv | angin | 163 |
tűz | tuli | tuli | тол tol | би bi | api | 167 |
éj | yö | öö | ве ve | вой voj | malam | 177 |
Bibliografi[sunting | sunting sumber]
Kursus[sunting | sunting sumber]
- MagyarOK – Text book and exercise book for beginners. Szita, Szilvia; Pelcz, Katalin (2013). Pécs; Pécsi Tudományegyetem. MagyarOK website ISBN 978-963-7178-68-9.
- Colloquial Hungarian – The complete course for beginners. Rounds, Carol H.; Sólyom, Erika (2002). London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-24258-4.
- This book gives an introduction to the Hungarian language in 15 chapters. The dialogues are available on CDs.
- Teach Yourself Hungarian – A complete course for beginners. Pontifex, Zsuzsa (1993). London: Hodder & Stoughton. Chicago: NTC/Contemporary Publishing. ISBN 0-340-56286-2.
- This is a complete course in spoken and written Hungarian. The course consists of 21 chapters with dialogues, culture notes, grammar and exercises. The dialogues are available on cassette.
- Hungarolingua 1 – Magyar nyelvkönyv. Hoffmann, István; et al. (1996). Debreceni Nyári Egyetem. ISBN 963-472-083-8
- Hungarolingua 2 – Magyar nyelvkönyv. Hlavacska, Edit; et al. (2001). Debreceni Nyári Egyetem. ISBN 963-03-6698-3
- Hungarolingua 3 – Magyar nyelvkönyv. Hlavacska, Edit; et al. (1999). Debreceni Nyári Egyetem. ISBN 963-472-083-8
- These course books were developed by the University of Debrecen Summer School program for teaching Hungarian to foreigners. The books are written completely in Hungarian and therefore unsuitable for self study. There is an accompanying 'dictionary' with translations of the Hungarian vocabulary into English, German, and French for the words used in the first two books.
- "NTC's Hungarian and English Dictionary" by Magay and Kiss. ISBN 0-8442-4968-8 (You may be able to find a newer edition also. This one is 1996.)
Tatabahasa[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Gyakorló magyar nyelvtan / A Practical Hungarian grammar (2009, 2010). Szita Szilvia, Görbe Tamás. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. 978 963 05 8703 7.
- A practical Hungarian grammar (3rd, rev. ed.). Keresztes, László (1999). Debrecen: Debreceni Nyári Egyetem. ISBN 963-472-300-4.
- Simplified Grammar of the Hungarian Language (1882). Ignatius Singer. London: Trübner & Co.
- Practical Hungarian grammar: [a compact guide to the basics of Hungarian grammar]. Törkenczy, Miklós (2002). Budapest: Corvina. ISBN 963-13-5131-9.
- Hungarian verbs and essentials of grammar: a practical guide to the mastery of Hungarian (2nd ed.). Törkenczy, Miklós (1999). Budapest: Corvina; Lincolnwood, [Ill.]: Passport Books. ISBN 963-13-4778-8.
- Hungarian: an essential grammar (2nd ed.). Rounds, Carol (2009). London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-77737-2.
- Hungarian: Descriptive grammar. Kenesei, István, Robert M. Vago, and Anna Fenyvesi (1998). London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-02139-1.
- Hungarian Language Learning References (including the short reviews of three of the above books)
- Noun Declension Tables – HUNGARIAN. Budapest: Pons. Klett. ISBN 978-963-9641-04-4
- Verb Conjugation Tables – HUNGARIAN. Budapest: Pons. Klett. ISBN 978-963-9641-03-7
Lain-lain[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Abondolo, Daniel Mario: Hungarian Inflectional Morphology. Akadémiai publishing. Budapest, 1988. ISBN 9630546302
- Balázs, Géza: The Story of Hungarian. A Guide to the Language. Translated by Thomas J. DeKornfeld. Corvina publishing. Budapest, 1997. ISBN 9631343626
- Stephanides, Éva H. (ed.): Contrasting English with Hungarian. Akadémiai publishing. Budapest, 1986. ISBN 9630539500
Nota[sunting | sunting sumber]
Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]
Pautan luar[sunting | sunting sumber]
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Wikibook mempunyai sebuah buku berkenaan topik: Bahasa Hungary |
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Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Bahasa Hungary |
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Wikivoyage memiliki a phrasebook bagi Hungarian. |
- Free downloadable Hungarian teaching and learning material
- Introduction to Hungarian
- Hungarian Profile
- List of formative suffixes in Hungarian
- The relationship between the Finnish and the Hungarian languages
- Hungarian Language Review at How-to-learn-any-language.com
- "The Hungarian Language: A Short Descriptive Grammar" by Beáta Megyesi (PDF document)
- The old site of the Indiana University Institute of Hungarian Studies (various resources)
- Hungarian Language Learning References on the Hungarian Language Page (short reviews of useful books)
- One of the oldest Hungarian texts – A Halotti Beszéd (The Funeral Oration)
- WikiLang – Hungarian Page (Hungarian grammar / lessons, in English)
- Hungarian Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words (from Wiktionary's Swadesh-list appendix)
- Basic Hungarian language course (book + audio files) USA Foreign Service Institute (FSI)
Encyclopaedia Humana Hungarica[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Introduction to the History of the Language; The Pre-Hungarian Period; The Early Hungarian Period; The Old Hungarian Period
- The Linguistic Records of the Early Old Hungarian Period; The Linguistic System of the Age
- The Old Hungarian Period; The System of the Language of the Old Hungarian Period
- The Late Old Hungarian Period; The System of the Language
- The First Half of the Middle Hungarian Period; Turkish Loan Words
Kamus[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Hungarian ↔ English created by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences – Computer and Automation Research Institute MTA SZTAKI (also includes dictionaries for the following languages to and from Hungarian : German, French, Italian, Dutch, and Polish)
- bab.la - Online Hungarian-English dictionary and language learning portal
- English-Hungarian-Finnish – three-language freely editable online dictionary
- Collection of Hungarian Technical Dictionaries
- Hungarian bilingual dictionaries
- Hungarian-English dictionary
- English-Hungarian dictionary
- Hungarian Verb Conjugation
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Rencana berkaitan bahasa ini ialah rencana tunas. Anda boleh membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya. |