Black tie

Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.
Lelaki memakai sut makan malam berlapel sebai, kumerban, bowtie hitam dan kasut oxford.

Black tie ("pakaian black tie") ialah kod berpakaian Barat separa formal bagi acara malam, berasal dari konvensyen British dan Amerika untuk pakaian pada abad ke-19. Dalam bahasa Inggeris British, kod pakaian itu sering dirujuk sebagai synecdoche oleh elemen utamanya untuk lelaki, iaitu sut makan malam atau jaket makan malam. Dalam bahasa Inggeris Amerika istilah sepadan ialah tuksedo (atau tux). Sut makan malam ialah berwarna hitam, biru gelap atau sut putih padanan dua atau tiga, dibezakan dengan jaket berlapel satin atau sutera dan seluar panjang hitam berjalur hitam kiri dan kanan. Ia dipakai dengan kemeja putih berkolar bawah dan manset berkancing, bow tie hitam, biasanya weskot malam atau kumerban, dan kasut kulit hitam atau kasut mahkamah.[1] Aksesori mungkin termasuk semi-formal topi homburg, topi bowler, atau boater. Bagi wanita, gaun malam atau pakaian malam bergaya lain boleh dipakai.

Galeri[sunting | sunting sumber]

Lihat juga[sunting | sunting sumber]

Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]

  1. ^ Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Second Edition, Stuart Berg Flexner and Lenore Crary Hauck, editors, Random House, New York (1993).

Bacaan lanjut[sunting | sunting sumber]

Majalah[sunting | sunting sumber]

  • Apparel Arts magazine, an account of 1930s fashion and style; some issues more relevant than others, such as those reproduced with comment at The London Lounge: Vol II. No. II and Vol I. No. III (numbering: London Lounge, not original)

Buku[sunting | sunting sumber]

  • Amies, Hardy (2013). The Englishman's Suit. London: Quartet Books Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7043-7169-9.
  • Antongiavanni, Nicholas (2006). The Suit: A Machiavellian Approach to Men's Style. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-089186-2.
  • Boyer, G. Bruce (2015). True Style: The History and Principles of Classic Menswear. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 9780465053995.
  • Donald, Elsie, penyunting (1981). Debrett's Etiquette and Modern Manners. London: Debrett's Peerage Limited. ISBN 978-0-905649-43-6.
  • Flusser, Alan (2002). Dressing the Man: Mastering the art of Permanent Fashion. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-019144-3.
  • Flusser, Alan (2010). Style and the Man. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0061976155.
  • Hume, Lucy (2017). Debrett's Wedding Handbook. Debrett's Limited. ISBN 978-0-9929348-4-2.
  • Keers, Paul (1987). A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-79191-1.
  • Post, Anna; Post, Lizzie (2014). Emily Post's Wedding Etiquette (ed. 6). New York: The Emily Post Institute, Inc. ISBN 978-0-06-232610-2.
  • Post, Peggy; Post, Anna; Post, Lizzie; Post Senning, Daniel (2011). Emily Post's Etiquette. New York: The Emily Post Institute, Inc. ISBN 978-0-06-174023-7.
  • Roetzel, Bernhard (2009). Gentleman: A Timeless Guide to Fashion. Cambridge: Tandem Verlag GmbH. ISBN 978-3-8331-5270-2.
  • Schneider, Sven (2017). Black Tie & Tuxedo Guide (ed. 1). Saint Paul, Minnesota: Gentleman's Gazette LLC.
  • Storey, Nicholas (2008). History of Men's Fashion: What the Well-Dressed Man is Wearing. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84468-037-5.
  • Tuckerman, Nancy; Dunnan, Nancy (1995). The Amy Vanderbilt Complete Book of Etiquette: 50th Anniversary Edition (ed. 1). New York: Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-385413428.
  • Wyse, Elizabeth (2015). Debrett's Handbook. Debrett's Limited. ISBN 978-0-9929348-1-1.

Website[sunting | sunting sumber]

  • The Emily Post Institute provides a breakdown of traditional categories of progressing formality in dress for men & women.
  • Debrett's is the most prominent British authority on etiquette, which discusses the elements of black tie.
  • Pullman, Nigel. "Dress codes" (PDF). Livery Companies of the City of London. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 2022-10-09. Dicapai pada 2018-10-17.
  • Pithers, Ellie (10 December 2018). "Black-Tie Dress Code For Women". Vogue. Dicapai pada 2019-04-07.

Pautan luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

  • Kategori berkenaan Black tie di Wikimedia Commons