Cattleya

Cattleya
	Cattleya labiata
Pengelasan saintifik
Alam:	Tumbuhan
(tanpa pangkat):	Angiosperm
(tanpa pangkat):	Monokot
Order:	Asparagales
Keluarga:	Orchidaceae
Subkeluarga:	Epidendroideae
Tribus:	Epidendreae
Subtribus:	Laeliinae
Alians:	Cattleya
Genus:	Cattleya; Lindl.
Spesies jenis
	Cattleya labiata; Lindl.
Sinonim
	Sophronia Lindl.; Sophronitis Lindl.; Maelenia Dumort.; Lophoglotis Raf.; × Sophrocattleya Rolfe; Eunannos Porta & Brade; Hoffmannseggella H.G.Jones; Dungsia Chiron & V.P.Castro; × Hadrocattleya V.P.Castro & Chiron; × Hadrodungsia V.P.Castro & Chiron; Hadrolaelia (Schltr.) Chiron & V.P.Castro; × Microcattleya V.P.Castro & Chiron; Microlaelia (Schltr.) Chiron & V.P.Castro; Cattleyella Van den Berg & M.W.Chase; Schluckebieria Braem; × Brasicattleya Campacci; Brasilaelia Campacci; Chironiella Braem;

Cattleya /ˈkætliːə/^[2] adalah genus 113 spesies orkid dari Costa Rica dan Lesser Antilles selatan ke Argentina.^[1] genus itu dinamakan pada tahun 1824 oleh John Lindley sempena William Cattley ^[3] yang menerima dan adalah yang pertama untuk mekar bagi spesimen Cattleya labiata. William Swainson telah menjumpai tumbuhan baru di Pernambuco, Brazil, pada tahun 1817 dan dihantar ke Taman Botani Glasgow untuk pengenalan. Swainson meminta agar beberapa tumbuhan dapat dihantar ke Cattley, yang mampu untuk berbunga satu tahun sebelum tumbuh-tumbuhan di Glasgow. Ia hanya selepas 70 tahun lagi sebelum ia ditemui semula hidup liar di hutan kerana kekeliruan di lokasi yang diandaikan bagi tumbuhan itu. Genus ini singkatan C dalam jurnal perdagangan.

Ia terkenal dengan bunga yang besar, dan menarik perhatian, dan telah digunakan secara meluas dalam penghibridan bagi perdagangan bunga potong sehingga tahun 1980-an apabila tumbuhan berpasu menjadi lebih popular. Bunga-bunga kacukan boleh berbeza dari segi saiz dari 5 cm hingga 15 cm atau lebih. Ia terdapat dalam semua warna kecuali biru sebenar dan hitam.

Bunga biasa mempunyai tiga kelopak agak sempit dan tiga kelopak biasanya lebih luas: dua kelopak sama antara satu sama lain, dan yang ketiga adalah mudah dilihat yang bibir agak berbeza serta menampilkan pelbagai tanda dan bintik dan margin sering yang berjumbai. Di pangkal, margin itu dilipat ke membentuk tiub. Setiap tangkai bunga berasal dari pseudobulb. Bilangan bunga berbeza; ia boleh dari hanya satu atau dua, atau kadang-kadang sehingga sepuluh.

Spesies pada 1999[sunting | sunting sumber]

Spesies yang diterima dalam genus sehingga 1999

C. aclandiae: Lady Ackland's cattleya (Brazil)
C. amethystoglossa: amethyst-lipped cattleya (Brazil)
C. araguaiensis: cattleya from Araguaia river (Brazil) == Cattleyella araguaiensis (Pabst) van den Berg & M. W. Chase.
C. aurantiaca: orange cattleya (Mexico to C. America) == Guarianthe aurantiaca, see Guarianthe
C. aurea: golden-yellow cattleya (S. Panama to Colombia). Pseudobulb epiphyte
C. bicolor: bicolored cattleya (SE. Brazil)
- Cattleya bicolor subsp. bicolor (Brazil). Pseudobulb epiphyte
- Cattleya bicolor subsp. canastrensis (Brazil). Pseudobulb epiphyte
- Cattleya bicolor subsp. minasgeraiensis (Brazil). Pseudobulb epiphyte
C. bowringiana: Bowring's cattleya (Mexico to Honduras) == Guarianthe bowringiana, see Guarianthe
C. candida (Colombia).
C. dormaniana: Dorman's cattleya (Brazil)
C. dowiana: queen of the cattleyas, Dow's cattleya (Costa Rica).
C. elongata: cattleya with the elongated stalk (Brazil). 2n = 80^[4]
C. forbesii: Forbes' cattleya (Brazil)
C. gaskelliana: Gaskell's cattleya (Colombia to Trinidad).
C. granulosa: granulose cattleya (Brazil)
C. guttata: spotted cattleya (Brazil).
C. harrisoniana: Harrison's cattleya (SE. Brazil).
C. intermedia: intermediate cattleya (SE. & S. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay).
- C. intermedia var. orlata
C. iricolor: rainbow-colored cattleya (Ecuador to Peru).
C. jenmanii: Jenman's cattleya (Venezuela to Guyana).
C. kerrii: Kerr's cattleya (Brazil).
C. labiata: crimson cattleya, ruby-lipped cattleya, named for the large labellum (Brazil)
C. lawrenceana: named for Sir Trevor Lawrence (Venezuela, Guyana, N. Brazil).
C. loddigesii: named for the Loddiges brothers (SE. Brazil to NE. Argentina).
- Cattleya loddigesii subsp. loddigesii (SE. Brazil to NE. Argentina). Pseudobulb epiphyte
- Cattleya loddigesii subsp. purpurea (Brazil). Pseudobulb epiphyte
C. lueddemanniana: Lueddemann's cattleya (N. Venezuela).
C. luteola: named for the pale yellow flowers (N. Brazil, Ecuador to Bolivia).
C. maxima: Christmas flower, named for the large flowers (Venezuela to Peru).
C. mendelii: named for Mendel (NE. Colombia).
C. mooreana: named for Moore (Peru).
C. mossiae: Easter orchid, named for Mrs. Moss (N. Venezuela)
C. nobilior: more noble cattleya (WC. Brazil to Bolivia).
C. patinii: named for Patin (Costa Rica to Venezuela, Trinidad) == Guarianthe patinii, see Guarianthe
C. percivaliana: Christmas orchid, named for Percival (Colombia to W. Venezuela).
C. porphyroglossa: purple-lipped cattleya (Brazil).
C. rex: king of the cattleyas (Colombia to N. Peru).
C. schilleriana: named for Consul Schiller (Brazil).
C. schofieldiana: named for Schofield (Brazil)
C. schroederae: Easter orchid, named for Baroness Schröder (NE. Colombia).
C. skinneri: flower of San Sebastian, Skinner's cattleya (SE. Mexico to C. America) == Guarianthe skinneri, see Guarianthe
C. tenuis: slender-stemmed cattleya (NE. Brazil).
C. tigrina (SE. & S. Brazil).
C. trianae: Dr. Triana's cattleya (Colombia).
C. velutina: velvety cattleya (Brazil) 2n = 40^[5]
C. violacea: Superba of the Orinoco, Brazil, Guyana, violet cattleya (S. Trop. America).
C. walkeriana: Walker's cattleya (WC. & SE. Brazil).
C. wallisii: Wallis' cattleya (N. Brazil).
C. warneri: Warner's cattleya (E. Brazil).
C. warscewiczii: Warscewicz's cattleya (Colombia).

Spesies ditambah pada 2000-2010[sunting | sunting sumber]

Pada tahun 2009, genus Sophronitis telah digabungkan ke dalam Cattleya,^[6] menambah spesies berikut (beberapa yang tergolong dalam genus Sophronitis dalam klasifikasi yang digunakan pada tahun 1999, dan banyak yang tergolong dalam genus Laelia pada tahun 1999:

C. acuensis (Fowlie) Van den Berg, 2008: Açu sophronitis (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
C. alaorii (Brieger & Bicalho 1976) Van den Berg 2008: Alaor's laelia (Brazil - Bahia).
C. alagoensis (V. P. Castro & Chiron) Van den Berg 2008: (Brazil - Alagoas)
C. alvaroana (F. E. L. Miranda 1999) Van den Berg 2008: (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
C. angereri (Pabst 1975) Van den Berg 2008: Angerer's laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
C. bicalhoi (Rchb.f. 1876) Van den Berg 2008: Day's laelia (Brazil - S. Minas Gerais to Rio de Janeiro).
C. blumenscheinii (Pabst 1975) Van den Berg 2008: Blumenschein's sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
C. bradei (Pabst 1973) Van den Berg 2008: Brade's laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
C. brevicaulis (H. G. Jones 1972) Van den Berg 2008: short stemmed hoffmannseggella (Brazil).
C. brevipedunculata ((Cogn. 1902) Fowlie 1972) Van den Berg 2008 : short-stalked sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
C. briegeri (Blumensch. ex Pabst 1973) Van den Berg 2008: laelia briegeri (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
C. britoi (K. G. Lacerda & V. P. Castro) Campacci: Brito's sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais) == S. crispata x S. neomirandae
C. caulescens (Lindl.1841) Van den Berg 2008: Laelia crispilabia (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
C. cernua (Lindl. 1828) Beer 1854: Sophronitis cernua (Brazil to NE. Argentina). This was the type species for the now defunct genus Sophronitis^[7]
- Sophronitis cernua var. alagoensis (Gomes Ferreira 1998) (Brazil - Alagoas).
- Sophronitis cernua Lindl. var. cernua (Brazil to NE. Argentina) Lindley published this in 1828 as Sophronitis modesta.
C. cinnabarina (Bateman ex Lindl. 1839) Van den Berg 2008: cinnabar sophronitis (Brazil - S. Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro).
C. coccinea (Lindl. 1836!) Rchb.f. 1861): scarlet cattleya (Brazil to Argentina - Misiones).

C. colnagoi (Chiron & V. P. Castro 2005) Van den Berg 2008: Colnago's hoffmannseggella (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
C. conceicionensis (V. P. Castro & Campacci 2002) Van den Berg 2008: hoffmannseggella of Conceição do Mato Dentro (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
C. crispa (Lindl.! 1828) Rchb.f. 1853: crisped laelia (SE. Brazil)
C. crispata (Thunb. 1818) Van den Berg 2008: crisped cymbidium (Brazil - Minas Gerais), accepted for many decades by the RHS as Laelia flava Lindl.1839.
C. dichroma (F. E. L. Miranda 1991) Van den Berg 2008: two-colored sophronitis (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
C. duveenii nom. illeg. (Fowlie 1988) Van den Berg & M. W. Chase: Duveen's laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais: Serra do Cipó). This is not to be confused with C. x duveenii Pabst & A .Ferreira (1977) == C. guttata x C. harrisoniana
C. endsfeldzii (Pabst) Van den Berg 2008: Endsfeldz's laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
C. esalqueana (Blumensch. ex Pabst 1973) Van den Berg 2008: ESALQ's laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
C. fidelensis (Pabst 1967) Van den Berg 2008: São Fidélis laelia (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
C. flavasulina (F. E. L. Miranda & K. G. Lacerda 2003) Van den Berg 2008: southern yellow hoffmannseggella (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
C. fournieri (Cogn. 1897) Van den Berg 2008: Fournier's laelia longipes (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
C. ghillanyi (Pabst 1973) Van den Berg 2008: Ghilany's laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
C. gloedeniana (Hoehne 1934) Van den Berg 2008: Gloeden's laelia (Brazil - São Paulo).
C. gracilis (Pabst 1979) Van den Berg 2008: delicate laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais: Serra do Cipó).
C. grandis (Lindl. 1859) A. A. Chadwick 2006: large laelia (Brazil - SE. Bahia to N. Espírito Santo).

C. harpophylla (Rchb.f. 1873) Van den Berg 2008: sickle-leaf laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais to Espírito Santo).
C. hispidula (Pabst & A. F. Mello 1978) Van den Berg 2008: finely bristled laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
C. hoehnei Van den Berg 2008: Hoehn's cattleya (Brazil - Espírito Santo). Hoehn originally described this (in 1938) as Laelia mixta
C. itambana (Pabst 1973) Van den Berg 2008: Itambé laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
C. jongheana (Rchb.f. 1872) Van den Berg 2008: Jonghe's laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
C. kautskyana (V. P. Castro & Chiron 2003) Van den Berg 2008: Kaustsky's hoffmannseggella (Brazil - Espírito Santo).
C. kettieana (Pabst 1976) Van den Berg & M. W. Chase: Kettie's laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
C. lietzelburgii (Schltr. 1921) Van den Berg 2008: Bahian sophronitis (Bahia laelia).
C. liliputana (Pabst 1973) Van den Berg 2008: dwarf laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais: Serra do Ouro Branco).
C. lobata Lindl. 1848: lobed cattleya (SE. Brazil.) Known for decades as Laelia lobata
C. longipes (Rchb.f. 1863) Van den Berg 2008: long-foot laelia (SE. Brazil - Serra do Cipó).
C. lundii (Rchb.f. & Warm. 1881) Van den Berg 2008: Lund's laelia (Bolivia to Argentina - Misiones, Salta).
- Sophronitis lundii f. alba (L. C. Menezes) Van den Berg & M. W. Chase
C. mantiqueirae (Fowlie 1972) Van den Berg 2008: Mantiqueira sophronitis (SE. Brazil).
C. marcaliana (Campacci & Chiron 2002) Van den Berg 2008: Marçal's dungsia (Brazil - Bahia).
C. milleri (Blumensch. ex Pabst 1973) Van den Berg 2008: Miller's sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
C. munchowiana (F. E. L. Miranda 1999) Van den Berg 2008: Munchow's laelia (Brazil - Espírito Santo).
C. mirandae (K. G. Lacerda & V. P. Castro 2005) Vam dem Berg 2008: Miranda's hoffmannseggella (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
C. neokautskyi (Pabst 1970) Van den Berg 2008: Kautsky's laelia (SE. Brazil)

C. pabstii (F. E. L. Miranda & K. G. Lacerda 2003) Van den Berg 2008: Pabst's hoffmannseggella (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
C. pendula (R. C. Mota, P. L. Viana & K. G. Lacerda 2003) Van den Berg 2008: hanging hoffmannseggella (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
C. perrinii Lindl. 1838: Perrin's cattleya (SE. Brazil)
C. pfisteri (Pabst & Senghas 1975) Van den Berg 2008: Pfister's laelia (Brazil - Bahia).
C. praestans (Rchb.f. 1857) Van den Berg 2008: spectacular laelia (SE. Brazil)
C. presidentensis (Campacci 2005) Van den Berg 2008: president's hoffmannseggella (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
C. pumila Hook. 1838: dwarf cattleya (SE. & S. Brazil)
C. purpurata (Lindl. & Paxton 1852) Van den Berg 2008: purple laelia (SE. & S. Brazil)
C. pygmaea (Pabst 1976) Van den Berg 2008: small orange sophronitis (Brazil - Espírito Santo).
C. reginae (Pabst 1975) Van den Berg 2008: the queen's laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
C. sanguiloba (Withner 1990) Van den Berg 2008: red-lobed laelia (Brazil – Bahia)
C. sincorana (Schltr 1917) Van den Berg 2008: Sincorá laelia (Brazil - Bahia).
C. tenebrosa (Rolfe 1893) A. A. Chadwick 2006: dark laelia (Brazil - SE. Bahia to Espírito Santo).
C. verboonenii (F. E. L. Miranda 1993) Van den Berg 2008: Verboonen's laelia (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
C. virens (Lindl. 1844) Van den Berg 2008: green laelia (SE. Brazil)
C. wittigiana (Barb. Rodr. 1878) Van den Berg 2008: Wittig's sophronitis (Brazil - Espírito Santo).
- C. wittigiana f. candida (Roeth & O. Gruss 2005) Van den Berg 2008
C. xanthina (Lindl. 1859) Van den Berg 2008: yellow laelia (Brazil - Bahia to Espírito Santo).

Hibrid semulajadi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Cattleya × brasiliensi (= C. bicolor × C. harrisoniana) (Brazil) .
Cattleya × brymeriana (= C. violacea × C. wallisii) (N. Brazil).
Cattleya x calimaniorum Chiron & V.P.Castro (NE Brazil)
Cattleya × colnagiana (Brazil).
Cattleya × dayana (= C. forbesii × C. guttata) (Brazil).
Cattleya × dolosa (= C. loddigesii × C. walkeriana): dolose cattleya, crafty cattleya, deceitful cattleya (Brazil).
Cattleya × dukeana (C. bicolor × C. guttata) (SE. Brazil).
Cattleya × duveenii ( = C. guttata × C. harrisoniana) (SE. Brazil).
Cattleya × gransabanensis (= C. jenmanii × C. lawrenceana) (Venezuela).
Cattleya × gravesiana (= C. lueddemanniana × C. mossiae) (Venezuela).
Cattleya × guatemalensis (= C. aurantiaca × C. skinneri) : Guatemalan cattleya (SE. Mexico to C. America); see Guarianthe
Cattleya × hardyana ( = C. dowiana var.aurea × C. warscewiczii): Hardy's cattleya (Colombia).
Cattleya × hybrida (= C. guttata × C. loddigesii) (SE. Brazil).
Cattleya × imperator ( = C. granulata × C. labiata) (NE. Brazil).
Cattleya × intricata (=. C. intermedia × C. leopoldii) (S. Brazil).
Cattleya × isabella (.= C. forbesii × C. intermedia) (SE. Brazil).
Cattleya × itatiayae (SE. Brazil).
Cattleya × joaquiniana ( = C. bicolor × C. walkeriana) (Brazil) .
Cattleya × kautskyi (= C. harrisoniana × C. warneri) (SE. Brazil).
Cattleya × lucieniana ( = C. forbesii × C. granulosa) (SE. Brazil).
Cattleya × measuresii ( = C. aclandiae × C. walkeriana) (E. Brazil).
Cattleya × mesquitae ( = C. nobilior × C. walkeriana) (Brazil).
Cattleya × mixta ( = C. guttata × C. schofieldiana) (Brazil).
Cattleya × moduloi (C. schofieldiana × C. warneri) (Brazil).
Cattleya × patrocinii (= C. guttata × C. warneriana): Patrocinio's cattleya (SE. Brazil).
Cattleya × picturata ( = C. guttata × C. intermedia) (SE. Brazil).
Cattleya × resplendens ( = C. granulosa × C. schilleriana) (NE. Brazil)
Cattleya × scita (= C. intermedia × C. tigrina) (S. Brazil).
Cattleya × tenuata (= C. elongata × C. tenuis) (Brazil) .
Cattleya × undulata ( = C. elongata × C. schilleriana) (Brazil).
Cattleya × venosa (= C. forbesii × C. harrisoniana) (Brazil).
Cattleya × victoria-regina ( C. guttata × C. labiata) (NE. Brazil).
Cattleya × wilsoniana ( = C. bicolor × C. intermedia). (Brazil).
Cattleya × zayrae V.P.Castro & Cath (Bahia, Brazil)

Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ ^a ^b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
^ Schmidt-Ostrander, Ingrid. "William Cattley (1788–1835)". The Canadian Orchid Congress. Dicapai pada 2011-02-11.
^ page 250 of L. P. Felix and M. Guerra: "Variation in chromosome number and the basic number of subfamily Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae)" Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 163(2010)234—278. The Linnean Society of London. Downloaded October 2010 from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01059.x/abstract
^ page 251 of L. P. Felix and M. Guerra: "Variation in chromosome number and the basic number of subfamily Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae)" Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 163(2010)234—278. The Linnean Society of London. Downloaded October 2010 from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01059.x/abstract
^ Ron McHatten (2009). "Forthcoming Name Changes". American orchid Society. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2015-09-23. Dicapai pada 2010-07-01.
^ Carl Leslie Withner, The Cattleyas and Their Relatives: Schomburgkia, Sophronitis, and Other South American Genera, Timber Press, 1990. p.67