Empayar Jerman Raya

Empayar Jerman Raya (Jerman: Großgermanisches Reich), dengan nama penuhnya Negara Jerman Empayar Jerman Raya (Jerman: Großgermanisches Reich der Deutschen Nation),[4] ialah nama rasmi bagi entiti politik yang cuba ditubuhkan oleh Jerman Nazi di Eropah semasa Perang Dunia Kedua.[5]
Tuntutan wilayah untuk Empayar Jerman Raya berubah-ubah dari semasa ke semasa. Seawal musim luruh tahun 1933, Adolf Hitler membayangkan untuk mencantum wilayah seperti Bohemia, barat Republik Poland Kedua, dan Austria ke dalam Jerman serta pembentukan negara satelit atau negara boneka yang tidak mempunyai ekonomi atau dasar sendiri yang bebas.[6]
Empayar pan-Jermanik ini dijangka akan menyerap hampir keseluruhan Eropah berbahasa Jermanik ke dalam Reich yang diperluaskan secara besar-besaran. Dari segi wilayah, ini merangkumi Reich Jerman yang sudah diperbesarkan (yang terdiri daripada Jerman sebelum 1938, Austria, Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia Czech, Alsace-Lorraine, Eupen-Malmedy, Memel, Styria Bawah, Carniola Atas, Carinthia Selatan, Danzig, dan Republik Poland Kedua), Belanda, bahagian Flemish Belgium, Luxembourg, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Liechtenstein, dan sekurang-kurangnya bahagian berbahasa Jerman di Switzerland.[2]
Pengecualian utama dalam kalangan penutur bahasa Jermanik ialah United Kingdom: Orde Baru Nazi membayangkan peranan Britain bukan sebagai wilayah Jerman, tetapi sebagai rakan pelayaran bersekutu Jerman.[7] Satu lagi pengecualian ialah wilayah berpenduduk Jerman di Tyrol Selatan, kawasan yang diserahkan Jerman kepada sekutu Kuasa Paksinya, Fasis Itali, pada tahun 1939.
Selain Eropah Jermanik, sempadan barat Reich dengan Perancis akan kembali kepada sempadan Empayar Rom Suci dahulu, yang bermaksud Jerman akan mencaplok sepenuhnya seluruh Wallonia, Switzerland Perancis, dan kawasan luas utara dan timur Perancis.[3]
Tambahan pula, dasar Lebensraum memerlukan peluasan besar Jerman dan penempatan orang Jerman ke timur sejauh Pergunungan Ural (dengan merampas wilayah daripada negara-negara Baltik dan Kesatuan Soviet dalam proses itu).[8][9] Hitler pada asalnya merancang untuk mengusir mana-mana "penduduk Rusia yang berlebihan" yang tinggal di barat Pergunungan Ural ke penempatan semula di timur, di Siberia.[10]
Lihat juga
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Bahagian pentadbiran Jerman Nazi (Gau)
- Kawasan yang diilhak oleh Jerman Nazi
- Reich Keempat
- Eropah taklukan Jerman
- Lebensraum
- Spazio vitale
- Dasar perkauman Jerman Nazi
- Lingkungan Kesemakmuran Bersama Asia Timur Raya
- Pelan untuk Amerika Utara
- Kemenangan Hipotetikal Paksi dalam Perang Dunia II
- Imperialisme Itali di bawah Fasisme
- Empayar penjajahan Jepun
- Kleindeutschland dan Grossdeutschland
- Blok Latin (perikatan yang dicadangkan)
- Pan movement
Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Nota informasi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Petikan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ↑ "Utopia: The 'Greater Germanic Reich of the German Nation'". München – Berlin: Institut für Zeitgeschichte. 1999. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 21 May 2021.
- 1 2 Rich 1974, hlm. 401–402.
- 1 2 Williams 2005, hlm. 209.
- ↑ Cowie, Stuart. "To what extent was the outbreak of World War Two, a consequence of failures in British Foreign Policy?". Academia.edu.
- ↑ Elvert 1999, hlm. 325.
- ↑ Majer, Diemut (2003). "Non-Germans" under the Third Reich: the Nazi judicial and administrative system in Germany and occupied Eastern Europe with special regard to occupied Poland, 1939–1945. JHU Press. m/s. 188–189. ISBN 0-8018-6493-3..
- ↑ Strobl 2000, hlm. 202–208.
- ↑ André Mineau. Operation Barbarossa: Ideology and Ethics Against Human Dignity. Rodopi, 2004. hlm. 36.
- ↑ Rolf Dieter Müller, Gerd R. Ueberschär. Hitler's War in the East, 1941–1945: A Critical Assessment. Berghahn Books, 2009. hlm. 89.
- ↑ Bradl Lightbody. The Second World War: Ambitions to Nemesis. London; New York: Routledge, 2004. hlm. 97.
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Pautan luar
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