Fail:Surface projections of the organs of the trunk.png

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Ringkasan

Keterangan
English: Surface projections of the major organs of the trunk, using the vertebral column and rib cage as main reference points of superficial anatomy. The transpyloric plane and McBurney's point are among the marked locations.

To discuss image, please see Talk:Human body diagrams

Tarikh
Sumber

All included images are in public domain. See Template:Human body diagrams for individual details.

References

Spinal vertebrae levels:

  • Located at middle of frontal face of spinal vertebrae according to reference the image :File:Gray 111 - Vertebral column.png when pasted into image to superiorly fit the surface bulges of the clavicular bones and inferiorly fit the surface bulges of the anterior iliac spine.

Gross overview of organ locations:

  • Plate 260B - Regions and Planes of Adbomen. From: The Interactive Atlas of Human Anatomy Version 3.0 (CD-ROM). Authors: Frank H. Netter and Carlos A. G. Machado. Published by Saunders, October 1, 2002. ISBN-10: 1929007140. ISBN-13: 978-1929007141.
  • Fig 139 from The SPENCER SYSTEM. SEVENTEENTH EDITION
  • Plate 1034 from Gray's Anatomy

Locations of specific organs:
The following vertebral levels are generally given by the middle of the vertebral body.

  • Bålens ytanatomy (Superficial anatomy of the trunk). Anca Dragomir, Mats Hjortberg and Godfried M. Romans. Section for human anatomy at the Department of medical cell biology, Uppsala university, Sweden.
Key points from that compendium:
  • The oblique fissure of the right lung goes from the intercostal space 4 to 6
  • The horizontal fissure goes along the 4th rib (the original image from Gray has this line almost at the 5th rib, but this is not labeled in image, as other lung images seem to support the upper level)
  • The cardia of the stomach is at the level of the 10th rib
  • The fundus of the stomach is in the 5th intercostal space, slightly below the apex of the heart
  • Pylorus is usually at the L1 (the transpyloric plane)
  • The transpyloric plane is at the level of:
    • lumbar vertebra 1
    • the pancreatic body
    • the origins of the superior mesenteric artery from the aorta and portal vein
    • the left and right colic flexure
    • hilum of the kidney on the left
    • upper pole of the kidney on the right
    • duodenojejunal flexure
  • McBurney's point is located one third of a line from the anterior superior iliac spine and the navel
  • The upper rim of the liver is in the 5th intercostal space
  • The left lobe of the liver is to the left of the midline
  • The lower limit of the liver at the midline is approximately 3 cm below processus xiphoideus
  • The spleen is projected against the 9th and 10th rib on the backside
  • The left kidney is approximately at the vertebral level T12 to L3, and the right one slightly lower.
  • Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Appendix: Topography of the Thorax and Abdomen. Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew, M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S. [1]:
  • The average position of the highest point of the spleen is at the level of the lower third of the tenth thoracic vertebra.
  • The average position of the lowest point of the spleen is at the level of the middle third of the first lumbar vertebra.

Position of the navel

Urinary tract:

Pengarang Mikael Häggström
File:Surface projections of the organs of the trunk.svg merupakan versi vektor bagi fail ini. Ia sepatutnya digunakan bagi menggantikan imej raster ini apabila ia mempunyai peleraian yang lebih besar dan lebih baik.

File:Surface projections of the organs of the trunk.png → File:Surface projections of the organs of the trunk.svg

Untuk maklumat lanjut, sila lihat Bantuan:SVG.
Anda juga boleh melihat maklumat mengenai sokongan imej SVG MediaWiki.

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Perlesenan

Public domain Saya selaku pemegang hak cipta karya ini melepaskan karya ini ke dalam domain awam di seluruh dunia.
Di sesetengah negara, undang-undangnya mungkin tidak mengizinkan; jika begitu:
Saya memberi sesiapa sahaja hak untuk menggunakan karya ini untuk apa jua tujuan, tanpa sebarang syarat, melainkan undang-undang menetapkan syarat-syarat sedemikian.

Human body diagrams

Main article at: Human body diagrams

Template location:Template:Human body diagrams

How to derive an image

Derive directly from raster image with organs

The raster (.png format) images below have most commonly used organs already included, and text and lines can be added in almost any graphics editor. This is the easiest method, but does not leave any room for customizing what organs are shown.

Adding text and lines:

Derive "from scratch"

By this method, body diagrams can be derived by pasting organs into one of the "plain" body images shown below. This method requires a graphics editor that can handle transparent images, in order to avoid white squares around the organs when pasting onto the body image. Pictures of organs are found on the project's main page. These were originally adapted to fit the male shadow/silhouette.

Organs:

More organs are found at: Human body diagrams/Organs

Derive by vector template

The Vector templates below can be used to derive images with, for example, Inkscape. This is the method with the greatest potential.

See Human body diagrams/Inkscape tutorial for a basic description in how to do this.

Examples of derived works

More examples

Licensing

Creative Commons CC-Zero Fail ini disediakan di bawah Dedikasi Domain Awam Sejagat CC0 1.0 Creative Commons.
Pihak yang mengaitkan karya ini dengan surat ikatan ini telah mendedikasikan karya ini kepada domain awam dengan melepaskan segala haknya kepada karya ini di seluruh dunia di bawah undang-undang hak cipta, termasuk semua hak berkaitan dan berjiran, sejauh mana yang dibenarkan oleh undang-undang. Anda boleh menyalin, mengubah suai, mengedarkan dan mempersembahkan karya ini, termasuk untuk tujuan komersil, semuanya tanpa meminta kebenaran.

Captions

Add a one-line explanation of what this file represents

Items portrayed in this file

menggambarkan

5 September 2010

MIME type Inggeris

image/png

Sejarah fail

Klik pada tarikh/waktu untuk melihat rupa fail tersebut pada waktu itu.

(terkini | terawal) Lihat (10 berikutnya | ) (10 | 20 | 50 | 100 | 250 | 500)
Tarikh/WaktuGambar kenitUkuranPenggunaKomen
semasa09:19, 27 Disember 2019Gambar kenit bagi versi pada 09:19, 27 Disember 20191,583 × 2,533 (3.33 MB)Mikael Häggström+Costal margin
10:38, 11 November 2010Gambar kenit bagi versi pada 10:38, 11 November 20101,050 × 1,680 (2.07 MB)Mikael HäggströmAdapted to recently added overview images. Distinguished different ways to designate vertebrae levels.
10:04, 7 November 2010Gambar kenit bagi versi pada 10:04, 7 November 2010936 × 1,325 (1.77 MB)Mikael Häggströmupdate from svg
09:46, 7 November 2010Gambar kenit bagi versi pada 09:46, 7 November 2010936 × 1,325 (1.77 MB)Mikael Häggströmupdate from svg
04:51, 24 Oktober 2010Gambar kenit bagi versi pada 04:51, 24 Oktober 2010936 × 1,325 (1.61 MB)Mikael HäggströmSmoother edges
05:18, 10 Oktober 2010Gambar kenit bagi versi pada 05:18, 10 Oktober 2010936 × 1,325 (1.61 MB)Mikael HäggströmMinor kidney adjustment. More realistic hip bone
04:47, 6 Oktober 2010Gambar kenit bagi versi pada 04:47, 6 Oktober 2010936 × 1,325 (1.73 MB)Mikael HäggströmDistinguished stomach and spleen. Removed painted arteries out of scope.
18:40, 4 Oktober 2010Gambar kenit bagi versi pada 18:40, 4 Oktober 2010936 × 1,325 (1.74 MB)Mikael HäggströmLowered spleen
15:21, 3 Oktober 2010Gambar kenit bagi versi pada 15:21, 3 Oktober 2010936 × 1,325 (1.74 MB)Mikael HäggströmDecreased some opacity. Aligned tail of pancreas with spleen. Adjusted fissure marking width.
18:20, 2 Oktober 2010Gambar kenit bagi versi pada 18:20, 2 Oktober 2010936 × 1,325 (1.72 MB)Mikael Häggström+liver label
(terkini | terawal) Lihat (10 berikutnya | ) (10 | 20 | 50 | 100 | 250 | 500)

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