Filipina Amerika
| Jumlah penduduk | |
|---|---|
| 4,037,564[1] 1.23% daripada penduduk A.S. (2017) | |
| Kawasan ramai penduduk | |
| Barat Amerika Syarikat, Hawaii, terutama di kawasan metropolitan, dan di tempat lainsetakat 2010 | |
| California | 1,474,707[2] |
| Hawaii | 342,095[3] |
| Illinois | 139,090[4] |
| Texas | 137,713[5] |
| Washington | 137,083[6] |
| New Jersey | 126,793[7] |
| New York | 126,129[8] |
| Nevada | 123,891[9] |
| Florida | 122,691[10] |
| Bahasa | |
| English (American, Philippine),[11] Tagalog (Filipino),[11] Ilocano, Pangasinan, Kapampangan, Bikol, Visayan languages (Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Waray), and other languages of the Philippines.[11] Spanish (Chavacano), Chinese (Hokkien, Mandarin) | |
| Agama | |
| 65% Roman Catholicism 21% Protestantism 8% Irreligion 1% Buddhism[12] | |
Filipina Amerika ialah rakyat Amerika dari keturunan Filipina. Istilah Filipina Amerika kadang-kadang dipendekkan kepada Fil-Am[13] atau Pinoy.[14] Penampilan terawal istilah Pinoy (Pinay feminin), ialah dalam edisi Buletin Pelajar Filipina1926.[15] Sesetengah orang Filipina percaya bahawa istilah Pinoy dicipta oleh orang Filipina yang datang ke Amerika Syarikat untuk membezakan diri mereka dari Filipina yang tinggal di Filipina.[16]
Orang Filipina di Amerika Utara mula didokumenkan pada abad ke-16,[17] dan permukiman kecil lain yang bermula pada abad ke-18.[18] Penghijrahan massa tidak bermula hingga awal abad ke-20, ketika Filipina diserahkan dari Spanyol ke Amerika Serikat dalam Perjanjian Paris.[19][20]
Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ "ASIAN ALONE OR IN ANY COMBINATION BY SELECTED GROUPS". U.S. Census Bureau, 2017 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2019-04-11. Dicapai pada 12 February 2019.
4,037,564+/-48,784
- ^ "California". Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010. United States Census Bureau. 2010. Dicapai pada 7 December 2014.
- ^ "Hawaii". Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010. United States Census Bureau. 2010. Dicapai pada 5 December 2014.
- ^ "Illinois". Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010. United States Census Bureau. 2010. Dicapai pada 5 December 2014.
- ^ "Texas". Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010. United States Census Bureau. 2010. Dicapai pada 5 December 2014.
- ^ "Washington". Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010. United States Census Bureau. 2010. Dicapai pada 5 December 2014.
- ^ "New Jersey". Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010. United States Census Bureau. 2010. Dicapai pada 5 December 2014.
- ^ "New York". Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010. United States Census Bureau. 2010. Dicapai pada 5 December 2014.
- ^ "Nevada". Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010. United States Census Bureau. 2010. Dicapai pada 5 December 2014.
- ^ "Florida". Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010. United States Census Bureau. 2010. Dicapai pada 5 December 2014.
- ^ a b c Melen McBride, RN, PhD. "HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE OF FILIPINO AMERICAN ELDERS". Stanford University School of Medicine. Stanford University. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2011-10-22. Dicapai pada 8 June 2011.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ "Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths, Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation". The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. Pew Research Center. 19 July 2012. Dicapai pada 18 August 2014.
Religious Affiliations Among U.S. Asian American Groups - Filipino: 89% Christian (21% Protestant (12% Evangelical, 9% Mainline), 65% Catholic, 3% Other Christian), 1% Buddhist, 0% Muslim, 0% Sikh, 0% Jain, 2% Other religion, 8% Unaffiliated[tiada dalam ayat yang diberikan]
"Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths". The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. Pew Research Center. 19 July 2014. Dicapai pada 15 March 2017.Filipino Americans: 89% All Christian (65% Catholic, 21% Protestant, 3% Other Christian), 8% Unaffiliated, 1% Buddhist
- ^ "Fil-Am: abbreviation Filipino American.", allwords.com, Date accessed: 29 April 2011
Joaquin Jay Gonzalez III; Roger L. Kemp (18 February 2016). Immigration and America's Cities: A Handbook on Evolving Services. McFarland. m/s. 198. ISBN 978-0-7864-9633-4.
Stanley I. Thangaraj; Constancio Arnaldo; Christina B. Chin (5 April 2016). Asian American Sporting Cultures. NYU Press. m/s. 44. ISBN 978-1-4798-4016-8. - ^ Jon Sterngass (2007). Filipino Americans. Infobase Publishing. m/s. 13. ISBN 978-1-4381-0711-0.
- ^ Dawn Bohulano Mabalon (29 May 2013). Little Manila Is in the Heart: The Making of the Filipina/o American Community in Stockton, California. Duke University Press. m/s. 20. ISBN 978-0-8223-9574-4.
- ^ Marina Claudio-Perez (October 1998). "Filipino Americans" (PDF). The California State Library. State of California. Dicapai pada 30 April 2011.
Filipino Americans are often shortened into Pinoy Some Filipinos believe that the term Pinoy was coined by the early Filipinos who came to the United States to distinguish themselves from Filipinos living in the Philippines. Others claim that it implies "Filipino" thoughts, deeds and spirit.
- ^ Mercene, Floro L. (2007). Manila Men in the New World: Filipino Migration to Mexico and the Americas from the Sixteenth Century. The University of the Philippines Press. m/s. 161. ISBN 978-971-542-529-2. Dicapai pada 1 July 2009.
Rodel Rodis (25 October 2006). "A century of Filipinos in America". Inquirer. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 22 May 2011. Dicapai pada 4 May 2011. Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (bantuan) - ^ Rodel Rodis (25 October 2006). "A century of Filipinos in America". Inquirer. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 22 May 2011. Dicapai pada 4 May 2011. Unknown parameter
|dead-url=ignored (bantuan) - ^ "Labor Migration in Hawaii". UH Office of Multicultural Student Services. University of Hawaii. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 3 June 2009. Dicapai pada 11 May 2009. Unknown parameter
|dead-url=ignored (bantuan) - ^ "Treaty of Paris ends Spanish–American War". History.com. A&E Television Networks, LLC. Dicapai pada 15 March 2017.
Puerto Rico and Guam were ceded to the United States, the Philippines were bought for $20 million, and Cuba became a U.S. protectorate.
Rodolfo Severino (2011). Where in the World is the Philippines?: Debating Its National Territory. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. m/s. 10. ISBN 978-981-4311-71-7.
Muhammad Munawwar (23 February 1995). Ocean States: Archipelagic Regimes in the Law of the Sea. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. m/s. 62–63. ISBN 978-0-7923-2882-7.
Thomas Leonard; Jurgen Buchenau; Kyle Longley; Graeme Mount (30 January 2012). Encyclopedia of U.S. - Latin American Relations. SAGE Publications. m/s. 732. ISBN 978-1-60871-792-7.
Bacaan lanjut[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Pido, Antonio J. A. (1986). The Pilipinos in America: macro/micro dimensions of immigration and integration. CMS Migration and Ethnicity Series. Center for Migration Studies. m/s. 151. ISBN 978-0-913256-78-7.
- Espiritu, Yen (1995). Filipino American Lives. Temple University Press. m/s. 232. ISBN 978-1-56639-317-1.
- Crisostomo, Isabelo T. (1996). Filipino achievers in the USA & Canada: profiles in excellence. Bookhaus Publishers. m/s. 369. ISBN 978-0-931613-11-1.
- Bankston III, Carl L. (2005). "Filipino Americans". Dalam Min, Pyong Gap (penyunting). Asian Americans: Contemporary Trends and Issues. Pine Forge Press. m/s. 180–202, 368. ISBN 978-1-4129-0556-5.
- Isaac, Allan Punzalan (2006). American Tropics: Articulating Filipino America. U of Minnesota Press. m/s. 256. ISBN 978-0-8166-4274-8.
- Tiongson, Antonio; Gutierrez, Ricardo; Guiterrez, Edgardo, penyunting (2006). Positively No Filipinos Allowed: Building Communities and Discourse. Temple University Press. m/s. 272. ISBN 978-1-59213-121-1.
Kumpulan Arkib[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Cannery Workers and Farm Laborers Union, Local 7 Records, 1915–1985; Predominantly 1933–1982. 46.31 cubic feet. At the Labor Archives of Washington State, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections.
- Carlos Bulosan Papers, 1914–1976. 4.65 cubic feet, 17 microfilm reels. At the Labor Archives of Washington State, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections.
- Chris D. Mensalvas Papers, 1935–1974. .25 cubic feet, 1 sound cassette. At the Labor Archives of Washington State, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections.
- Chris D. Mensalvas Photograph Collection, 1937–1956. 1 folder of photographic prints. At the Labor Archives of Washington State, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections.
- Trinidad Rojo Papers, 1923–1991. 2.81 cubic feet. At the Labor Archives of Washington State, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections.