Fisiokrasi


Fisiokrasi (Perancis: physiocratie ; dari bahasa Yunani untuk "pemerintahan alam") ialah teori ekonomi yang dibangunkan oleh sekumpulan ahli ekonomi Zaman Pencerahan abad ke-18 yang percaya bahawa kekayaan negara berasal hanya dari nilai "pertanian tanah" atau "pembangunan tanah" dan bahawa hasil pertanian semestinya berharga tinggi.[1] Teori mereka berasal dari Perancis dan paling popular pada separuh kedua abad ke-18. Fisiokrasi menjadi salah satu teori ekonomi pertama yang dibangunkan dengan baik.
François Quesnay (1694–1774), the marquis de Mirabeau (1715-1789) and Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot (1727–1781) mendominasi pergerakan itu,[2] yang segera mendahului sekolah moden pertama, ekonomi klasik, yang dimulakan dengan penerbitan The Wealth of Nations karya Adam Smith pada 1776.
Catatan[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ "physiocrat". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2014-07-04. Dicapai pada 27 October 2013.
- ^ Steiner (2003), pp. 61–62
Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Byrd, Robert (1995). The Senate of the Roman Republic. US Government Printing Office Senate Document 103–23.
- Henry William Spiegel (1983), The Growth of Economic Thought, Revised and Expanded Edition, Duke University Press
- Yves Charbit; Arundhati Virmani (2002) "The Political Failure of an Economic Theory: Physiocracy", Population, Vol. 57, No. 6. (Nov. – Dec., 2002), pp. 855–83, Institut National d'Études Démographiques
- "Theories of Surplus Value" from the Economic Manuscripts of 1861–1863" contained in Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 30, New York: International Publishers, 1988.
- A. L. Muller (1978) Quesnay's Theory of Growth: A Comment, Oxford Economic Papers, New Series, Vol. 30, No. 1., pp. 150–56.
- Steiner, Phillippe (2003) "Physiocracy and French Pre-Classical Political Economy", Chapter 5. in eds. Biddle, Jeff E, Davis, Jon B, & Samuels, Warren J.: A Companion to the History of Economic Thought. Blackwell Publishing, 2003.
- The History of Economic Thought Website,[pautan mati] The New School of Social Research. 6 Feb. 2006
- Tableau Économique – Modern view
- A History of Economic doctrine from the time of the Physiocrats to the present day – Charles Gide and Charles Rist. 1915
- Vinje, Victor Condorcet: Economics as if Soil and Health Matters(Nisus Publications, 2017)
Pautan luar[sunting | sunting sumber]
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- The Physiocrats - In Our Time - BBC Radio 4, 2013