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Hephaestus

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Hephaistos
Dewa api, gunung berapi, pertukangan logam, tukang, metalurgi, tukang kayu, tempa, pengukir, dan tukang besi
Ahli 12 Dewa Olympus
Hephaestus di Tempa oleh Guillaume Coustou yang Muda (Louvre)
Tempat tinggalGunung Olympus
Simboltukul, andas, penyepit
Maklumat peribadi
Ibu bapaZeus dan Hera, atau Hera sahaja
Adik-beradikAres, Hebe, Eileithyia, dan banyak adik-beradik sebelah bapa
PasanganAphrodite (bercerai)
Aglaea
ZuriatThalia, Erichthonius, Eucleia, Eufem, Philophrosyne, Cabeiri dan Euthenia
Equivalents
Kesetaraan RomVulcan

Hephaistos (Yunani: Ἥφαιστος, translit. Hḗphaistos, sebutan Attika: /hɛ̌ː.pʰai̯s.tos/; bahasa Inggeris: Hephaestus) ialah dewa pertukangan, tukang besi, tukang kayu, api, metalurgi, kerja logam, arca dan gunung berapi yang dipuja masyarakat Yunani Purba.[1] Dia diceritakan anak kepada Zeus dan Hera, tetapi dalam sesetengah penceritaan dia dilahirkan oleh Hera dan tidak berbapa. Dia dibuang dari Gunung Olympus sama ada ibunya Hera kerana kakinya yang cacat tempang sejak lahir; ataupun oleh Zeus kerana melindungi Hera daripada godaan Zeus (dan tempang Hephaistos adalah akibat kejatuhan dia).[2][3][4]

Sebagai dewa penempa, Hephaistos membuat semua senjata para dewa di Olympus. Dia berkhidmat sebagai tukang besi dewa-dewi, dan disembah di pusat-pusat pengeluaran dan perindustrian Yunani, khususnya Athens. Pusat pemujaan Hephaistos berada di Lemnos.[1] Simbol Hephaistos ialah tukul besi, andas dan sepasang penyepit.

Hephaistos ada banyak julukan. Maksud setiap julukannya ialah:[5]

  • Amphigyḗeis sering diterjemahkan sebagai "yang tempang"; harfiahnya "tempang di kedua-dua belah" atau sebagainya. (Ἀμφιγυήεις)
  • Kyllopodíōn "cepoh" atau "berkaki mengheret" (Κυλλοποδίων)
  • Khalkeús "tukang tembaga" (Χαλκεύς)
  • Klytotéhnēs "kimpu yang terkenal" (Κλυτοτέχνης)
  • Polýmētis "cerdik, licik" atau "yang banyak peranti" (Πολύμητις)
  • Aitnaîos "dari Aitnai" (Αἰτναῖος), kerana bengkelnya kononnya terletak di bawah Gunung Aitna.[6]
  • Polýphrōn "cerdik, berdaya cipta" (Πολύφρων)
  • Agaklytós "sangat terkenal, gemilang" (Ἀγακλυτός)
  • Aithalóeis theós "dewa berjelaga" (Αἰθαλόεις θεός)

Lihat juga

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  • Vulcanus - dewa seperanan dalam kepercayaan Rumawi Purba
  1. ^ a b Walter Burkert, Greek Religion 1985: III.2.ii; see coverage of Lemnos-based traditions and legends at Mythic Lemnos
  2. ^ Graves, Robert (1955). The Greek Myths: 1. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books. m/s. 51. ISBN 0736621121.
  3. ^ Homeric Hymn to Apollo 316–321; Homer, Iliad 18.395–405.
  4. ^ Homer, Iliad 1.590–594; Valerius Flaccus, ii, 8.5; Apollodorus, i, 3 § 5. Apollodorus confounds the two occasions on which Hephaestus was thrown from Olympus.
  5. ^ Autenrieth, Georg (1891). "Hephaestus". A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges. United States of America: Harper and Brothers.
  6. ^ Aelian, Hist. An. xi. 3, referenced under Aetnaeus in William Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology

Bibliografi

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  • Homer, The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PhD in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Homer; The Odyssey with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PH.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Hesiod, Theogony, in The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Evelyn-White, Hugh, The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White. Homeric Hymns. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard
  • Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica; with an English translation by R. C. Seaton. William Heinemann, 1912.
  • Apollodorus, Apollodorus, The Library, with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Pausanias, Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Strabo, The Geography of Strabo. Edition by H.L. Jones. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Ovid, Ovid's Fasti: With an English translation by Sir James George Frazer, London: W. Heinemann LTD; Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1959. Internet Archive.
  • Hyginus, Gaius Julius, The Myths of Hyginus. Edited and translated by Mary A. Grant, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1960.

Pautan luar

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