John McCarthy (ahli sains komputer)
John McCarthy | |
---|---|
Kelahiran | Boston, Massachusetts, A.S. | 4 September 1927
Meninggal dunia | 24 Oktober 2011 Stanford, California, A.S. | (umur 84)
Pusat pendidikan | Universiti Princeton, Institut Teknologi California |
Terkenal kerana | Kecerdasan buatan, Lisp, penerapan lilit, kalkulus keadaan |
Anugerah | Anugerah Turing (1971) Anugerah Perintis Komputer (1985) Anugerah IJCAI Award untuk Kecemerlangan Penyelidikan (1985) Hadiah Kyoto (1988) Pingat Sains Kebangsaan (1990) Pingat Benjamin Franklin (2003) |
Kerjaya saintifik | |
Bidang | Sains komputer |
Institusi | Universiti Stanford, Institut Teknologi Massachusetts, Kolej Dartmouth, Universiti Princeton |
Penasihat kedoktoran | Solomon Lefschetz |
Pelajar kedoktoran | Ruzena Bajcsy Ramanathan V. Guha Barbara Liskov Raj Reddy |
John McCarthy (4 September 1927 – 24 Oktober 2011) merupakan ahli sains komputer dan ahli sains kognitif Amerika Syarikat. McCarthy merupakan salah satu pengasas disiplin kecerdasan buatan.[1] Beliau mengarang bersama dokumen yang mencipta istilah "kecerdasan buatan" (AI), membangun keluarga bahasa pengaturcaraan Lisp, nyata sekali mempengaruhi reka bentuk bahasa pengaturcaraan ALGOL, mempopularkan perkongsian masa, mencipta pengutipan sampah, dan sangat berpengaruh dalam awal pembangunan AI.
McCarthy menghabiskan kebanyakan kerjayanya di Universiti Stanford.[2] Beliau menerima banyak sanjungan dan kehormat, seperti Anugerah Turing 1971 atas sumbangannya kepada topik AI,[3] Pingat Sains Kebangsaan Amerika Syarikat, dan Hadiah Kyoto.
Penerbitan utama
[sunting | sunting sumber]- McCarthy, J. 1959. "Programs with Common Sense" di Wayback Machine (diarkibkan Oktober 4, 2013). In Proceedings of the Teddington Conference on the Mechanization of Thought Processes, 756-91. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
- McCarthy, J. 1960. "Recursive functions of symbolic expressions and their computation by machine" di Wayback Machine (diarkibkan Oktober 4, 2013). Communications of the ACM 3(4):184-195.
- McCarthy, J. 1963a "A basis for a mathematical theory of computation". In Computer Programming and formal systems. North-Holland.
- McCarthy, J. 1963b. Situations, actions, and causal laws. Technical report, Stanford University.
- McCarthy, J., and Hayes, P. J. 1969. Some philosophical problems from the standpoint of artificial intelligence di Wayback Machine (diarkibkan Ogos 25, 2013). In Meltzer, B., and Michie, D., eds., Machine Intelligence 4. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 463-502.
- McCarthy, J. 1977. "Epistemological problems of artificial intelligence". In IJCAI, 1038-1044.
- McCarthy, J (1980). "Circumscription: A form of non-monotonic reasoning". Artificial Intelligence. 13 (1–2): 23–79. doi:10.1016/0004-3702(80)90011-9.
- McCarthy, J (1986). "Applications of circumscription to common sense reasoning". Artificial Intelligence. 28 (1): 89–116. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.29.5268. doi:10.1016/0004-3702(86)90032-9.
- McCarthy, J. 1990. "Generality in artificial intelligence". In Lifschitz, V., ed., Formalizing Common Sense. Ablex. 226-236.
- McCarthy, J. 1993. "Notes on formalizing context". In IJCAI, 555-562.
- McCarthy, J., and Buvac, S. 1997. "Formalizing context: Expanded notes". In Aliseda, A.; van Glabbeek, R.; and Westerstahl, D., eds., Computing Natural Language. Stanford University. Also available as Stanford Technical Note STAN-CS-TN-94-13.
- McCarthy, J. 1998. "Elaboration tolerance". In Working Papers of the Fourth International Symposium on Logical formalizations of Commonsense Reasoning, Commonsense-1998.
- Costello, T., and McCarthy, J. 1999. "Useful counterfactuals". Electronic Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 3(A):51-76
- McCarthy, J. 2002. "Actions and other events in situation calculus". In Fensel, D.; Giunchiglia, F.; McGuinness, D.; and Williams, M., eds., Proceedings of KR-2002, 615-628.
Lihat juga
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Christopher Strachey, memfailkan paten untuk perkongsian masa pada awal 1959
- Cornucopian
- Masalah rangka
- Senarai perintis dalam sains komputer
- Kotok-McCarthy
- 91 fungsi McCarthy
- Formalisme McCarthy
- Watson (komputer)
Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Conversations On the Leading Edge of Knowledge and Discovery, with Jeffrey Mishlove
- ^ McCarthy, John. "Professor John McCarthy". jmc.stanford.edu.
- ^ "John McCarthy – A.M. Turing Award Laureate". amturing.acm.org (dalam bahasa Inggeris).
Bacaan lanjut
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Philip J. Hilts, Scientific Temperaments: Three Lives in Contemporary Science, Simon and Schuster, 1982. Lengthy profiles of John McCarthy, physicist Robert R. Wilson and geneticist Mark Ptashne.
- Pamela McCorduck, Machines Who Think: a personal inquiry into the history and prospects of artificial intelligence, 1979, second edition 2004.
- Pamela Weintraub, ed., The Omni Interviews, New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1984. Collected interviews originally published in Omni magazine; contains an interview with McCarthy.
Pautan luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan John McCarthy |
Wikipetik mempunyai koleksi petikan mengenai: John McCarthy |
- McCarthy's Stanford home page di Wayback Machine (diarkibkan Oktober 11, 2013).
- Templat:DBLP
- John McCarthy di Mathematics Genealogy Project
- Templat:AIGenealogy
- Celebration of John McCarthy's Accomplishments at Stanford University.
- Interview with Guy Steele conducted at OOPSLA 2008; Set of interviews:
- Oral history interview with John McCarthy at Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. McCarthy discusses his role in the development of time-sharing at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He also describes his work in artificial intelligence (AI) funded by the Advanced Research Projects Agency, including logic-based AI (Lisp) and robotics.
- Oral history interview with Marvin Minsky at Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Minsky describes artificial intelligence (AI) research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), including the work of John McCarthy.
- Oral history interview with Jack B. Dennis at Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Dennis discusses the work of John McCarthy on time-sharing, and the influence of DARPA's Information Processing Techniques Office on the development of time-sharing.
- Oral history interview with Fernando J. Corbató at Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Corbató discusses computer science research, especially time-sharing, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), including John McCarthy and research on time-sharing.
- John McCarthy di Find a Grave
- National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
Didahului oleh Lucy Suchman |
Pingat Benjamin Franklin dalam Sains Komputer dan Kognitif 2003 |
Diikuti oleh: Richard M. Karp |
Templat:John McCarthy navbox Templat:Lisp programming language Templat:ALGOL programming Templat:Turing Award laureates Templat:National Medal of Science
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- Kelahiran 1927
- Kematian 2011
- Alumni Sekolah Tinggi Belmont (Los Angeles)
- Ahli sains komputer Amerika Syarikat
- Penyelidik kecerdasan buatan
- Alumni Institut Teknologi California
- Felo Persatuan untuk Kemajuan Kecerdasan Buatan
- Felo Persatuan Profesional Komputer
- Orang kaedah formal
- Sejarah kecerdasan buatan
- Orang Amerika Syarikat keturunan Ireland
- Orang Amerika Syarikat keturunan Lithuania-Yahudi
- Penerima Kyoto dalam Teknologi Lanjutan
- Orang Lisp (bahasa pengaturcaraan)
- Ahli Akademi Sains Kebangsaan Amerika Syarikat
- Penerima Pingat Sains Kebangsaan
- Orang dari Boston
- Pereka bahasa pengaturcaraan
- Penyelidik pengaturcaraan logik
- Fakulti Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Universiti Stanford
- Penerima Anugerah Turing
- Orang Usenet
- Alumni Universiti Princeton
- Fakulti Kolej Dartmouth
- Fakulti Universiti Princeton
- Fakulti Institut Teknologi Massachusetts
- Orang dari Stanford, California
- Ateis Amerika Syarikat
- Ateis Yahudi
- Saintis dari California
- Askar Tentera Darat Amerika Syarikat
- Orang catur komputer
- Felo Persatuan Sains Kognitif
- Yang Dipertua Persatuan untuk Kemajuan Kecerdasan Buatan