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Pada [[Jerman Nazi|zaman Nazi]], Gelsenkirchen tetap merupakan sebuah pusat pengeluaran batu arang dan [[penapisan minyak]] dan atas alasan itu, telah dibom oleh serangan udara [[Pihak Berikat]] dalam [[Perang Dunia II]]. Gelsenkirchen kini tidak lagi mempunyai sebarang [[lombong]] [[batu arang]] dan oleh itu, sedang mencari-carikan imej yang baru selepas dilanda dengan salah satu kadar [[pengangguran]] yang tertinggi di negara sejak berdekad-dekad lagi. Kini, [[loji]] [[kuasa suria]] Jerman yang terbesar terletak di bandar raya ini, dengan sebuah [[stesen kuasa]] batu arang yang mempunyai [[serombong]] yang tertinggi di Jerman (302 [[meter]]) terletak di Gelsenkirchen-Scholven.
== Sukan ==
Gelsenkirchen ialah tempat asal untuk [[Bundesliga (bola sepakl)|kelab]] [[bola sepak]] [[KBS Schalke 04]], dengan [[Veltins-Arena]], tempat Schalke sendiri, umumnya dianggap sebagai salah satu [[stadium]] yang paling inovatif yang telah dibina pada tahun-tahun terkini. Gelsenkirchen merupakan salah satu daripada 12 buah bandar raya Jerman yang mengehoskan permainan semasa [[Piala Bola Sepak Dunia 2006]] dan telah mengehoskan perlawanan-perlawanan antara [[Poland]] dan [[Ecuador]], [[Argentina]] dan [[Serbia]] dan [[Montenegro]], [[Portugal]] dan [[Mexico]], serta juga [[Amerika Syarikat]] dan [[Republik Czech]].
<!---
{| style="width:210px; float:right;"
|[[Image:BuerSueden1955 1.jpg|thumb|200px|Gelsenkirchen-Buer looking south towards downtown Gelsenkirchen, 1955]]
[[Image:BuerSueden2005_1.jpg|thumb|200px|Plus ça change
[[Image:Buer_stadtwald.jpg|thumb|200px|In the city-forest of Buer (Buerscher Stadtwald)]]
[[Image:Zechensiedlung.jpg|thumb|200px|A former mining settlement]]
|}
===Ancient and Medieval times===
Although the part of town now called Buer was first mentioned by Heribert I in a document as ''Puira'' in 1003, there were hunting people on a hill north of the [[Emscher]] as early as the [[Bronze Age]]
It was about 1150 when the name ''Gelstenkerken'' or ''Geilistirinkirkin'' cropped up for the first time. At about the same time, the first [[church]] in town was built in what is now Buer. This ''ecclesia Buron'' ("church at Buer") was listed in a directory of [[parish]] churches by the sexton from [[Deutz]], Theodericus. This settlement belonged to the [[Mark (county)|Mark]]. However, in [[ancient times]] and even in the Middle Ages, only a few dozen people actually lived in the settlements around the Emscher basin.
===Industrialization===
Up until the middle of the 19th century, the area in and around Gelsenkirchen was only thinly settled and almost exclusively agrarian. In 1815, after temporarily belonging to the [[Grand Duchy]] of [[Berg (German region)|Berg]], the land now comprising the city of Gelsenkirchen passed to [[Prussia]], which assigned it to the province of [[Westphalia]]. Whereas the Gelsenkirchen of that time
After the discovery of [[coal]]
[[Friedrich Grillo]] founded the Corporation for Chemical Industry (''Aktiengesellschaft für Chemische Industrie'') in Schalke in 1872, and also the Schalke Mining and Ironworks Association (''Schalker Gruben- und Hüttenverein''). A year later, and once again in Schalke, he founded the Glass and Mirror Factory Incorporated (''Glas- und Spiegel-Manufaktur AG'').
On [[17 December]] [[1953]], the Kokerei ''Hassel'' went into operation, billed as Germany's "first new coking plant" since the war. When [[postal code]]s (''Postleitzahlen'') were introduced in 1961, Gelsenkirchen was one of the few cities in [[West Germany]] to be given two codes: Buer was given 466, while Gelsenkirchen got 465. These were in use until [[1 July]] [[1993]]. The "first [[comprehensive school]] in [[North Rhine-Westphalia]]" was opened in 1969. Scholven-Chemie AG (the old hydrogenation plant) merged with Gelsenberg-Benzin-AG to form the new corporation VEBA-Oel AG. In 1987, [[Pope John Paul II]] celebrated [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] before 85,000 people at Gelsenkirchen's Parkstadion. The Pope also became an honorary member of [[FC Schalke 04]].
In 1997, the Federal Garden Show (''Bundesgartenschau'' or ''BUGA'') was held on the grounds of the disused Nordstern [[coalmine]] in Horst. In 1999, the last phase of the Emscher Park International Building Exhibition, an undertaking that brought together many cities in North Rhine-Westphalia, was held. [[Coke (fuel)|Coke]] was produced at the old Hassel coking works for the last time on [[29 September]] [[1999]]. This marked the shutdown of the last coking plant in Gelsenkirchen, after being a coking town for more than 117 years. In the same year, Shell Solar Deutschland AG took over production of [[photovoltaic]] equipment. On [[28 April]] [[2000]], the Ewald-Hugo colliery closed
Today, Gelsenkirchen is a centre for sciences, services, and production, with good infrastructure.
== Pautan luar ==
{{Commons|Category:Gelsenkirchen, Germany}}
* [http://www.gelsenkirchen.de/English/tourism/Portrait_of_the_city Laman web rasmi Gelsenkirchen]
* [http://www.mapquest.com/maps/map.adp?formtype=address&searchtype=address&country=DE&addtohistory=&address=&city=gelsenkirchen&zipcode= Laman web ''MapQuest:'' Gelsenkirchen (interaktif)]
* [http://fifaworldcup.yahoo.com/06/de/d/c/gelsenkirchen.html Laman web ''FifaWorldCup:'' Piala Bola Sepak Dunia 2006 di Gelsenkirchen]
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