Perbezaan antara semakan "Gelsenkirchen"

== Sukan ==

[[Image:BuerSueden2005_1.jpg|thumb|200px|Plus ça change —— 50 years later]]

Although the part of town now called Buer was first mentioned by Heribert I in a document as ''Puira'' in 1003, there were hunting people on a hill north of the [[Emscher]] as early as the [[Bronze Age]] —— and therefore earlier than 1000 BC. They did not live in houses as such, but in small yards gathered together near each other. Later, the [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] pushed into the area. In about 700, the region was settled by the [[Saxons]]. A few other parts of town which today lie in Gelsenkirchen's north end were mentioned in documents from the early [[middle ages]], some examples being: ''Raedese'' (nowadays ''Resse''), Middelvic (''Middelich'', today part of Resse), ''Sutheim'' (''Sutum''; today part of Beckhausen) and ''Sculven'' (nowadays ''Scholven''). Many nearby [[farming]] communities were later identified as ''iuxta Bure'' ("near Buer").

Up until the middle of the 19th century, the area in and around Gelsenkirchen was only thinly settled and almost exclusively agrarian. In 1815, after temporarily belonging to the [[Grand Duchy]] of [[Berg (German region)|Berg]], the land now comprising the city of Gelsenkirchen passed to [[Prussia]], which assigned it to the province of [[Westphalia]]. Whereas the Gelsenkirchen of that time —— not including today's north-end communities, such as Buer —— was put in the ''[[Amt (subnational entity)|Amt]]'' of [[Wattenscheid]] in the [[Bochum]] district, in the governmental district of Arnsberg, Buer, which was an ''Amt'' in its own right, was along with nearby Horst joined to [[Recklinghausen]] district in the governmental district of [[Münster]]. This arrangement came to an end only in 1928.

After the discovery of [[coal]] —— lovingly known as "Black Gold" —— in the [[Ruhr area]] in 1840, and the subsequent [[industrialization]], the [[Cologne]]-[[Minden]] [[Railway]] and the Gelsenkirchen Main Railway Station were opened. In 1868, Gelsenkirchen became the seat of an ''Amt'' within the Bochum district which encompassed the communities of Gelsenkirchen, Braubauerschaft (as of 1900, Bismarck), Schalke, Heßler, Bulmke and Hüllen.

In 1997, the Federal Garden Show (''Bundesgartenschau'' or ''BUGA'') was held on the grounds of the disused Nordstern [[coalmine]] in Horst. In 1999, the last phase of the Emscher Park International Building Exhibition, an undertaking that brought together many cities in North Rhine-Westphalia, was held. [[Coke (fuel)|Coke]] was produced at the old Hassel coking works for the last time on [[29 September]] [[1999]]. This marked the shutdown of the last coking plant in Gelsenkirchen, after being a coking town for more than 117 years. In the same year, Shell Solar Deutschland AG took over production of [[photovoltaic]] equipment. On [[28 April]] [[2000]], the Ewald-Hugo colliery closed —— Gelsenkirchen's last colliery. Three thousand coalminers lost their jobs. In [[2003]], Buer celebrated its thousandth anniversary of first documentary mention, and FC Schalke 04 celebrated on [[4 May]] [[2004]] its hundredth anniversary.

* [http://www.gelsenkirchen.de/English/tourism/Portrait_of_the_city Laman web rasmi Gelsenkirchen] –– dengan maklumat tentang pengaruh British/Ireland pada abad ke-19

* [http://www.mapquest.com/maps/map.adp?formtype=address&searchtype=address&country=DE&addtohistory=&address=&city=gelsenkirchen&zipcode= Laman web ''MapQuest:'' Gelsenkirchen (interaktif)]

* [http://fifaworldcup.yahoo.com/06/de/d/c/gelsenkirchen.html Laman web ''FifaWorldCup:'' Piala Bola Sepak Dunia 2006 di Gelsenkirchen]

[[Kategori: Bandar di Rhine Utara-Westphalia]]