Konsonan bibir: Perbezaan antara semakan

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Semakan pada 12:09, 13 Oktober 2010

Daerah artikulasi
• Bibir
Dwibibir
Bibir-velar
Bibir-gusi
Bibir-gigi
• Dwigigi
• Koronal
Lidah-bibir
Antargigi
Gigi
Gigi-gusi
Gusi
Hujung lidah
Laminal
Belakang gusi
Gusi-lelangit
Gelungan
• Dorsal
Lelangit
Labial-palatal
Velar
Uvular
Uvular-epiglotis
• Radikal
Farinks
Epiglotis-farinks
Epiglotis
• Glotis
Laman ini mengandungi maklumat fonetik dalam IPA yang mungkin tidak dapat dipaparkan dengan betul dalam sesetengah pelayar web. [Bantuan]
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Konsonan bibir adalah konsonan dimana satu atau kedua-dua bibir adalah active articulator. This precludes linguolabials, dimana the tip of lidah reaches for the posterior side of the upper lip and which are considered coronals. The two by far konsonan bibir terkenal ialah dwibibir, diartikulasi dengan kedua-dua bibir, dan bibir-gusi, articulated with the lower lip against the upper teeth, kedua-duanya ada dalam Bahasa Inggeris. Konsonan bibir lain termasuk include bibir-gigi, articulated with the upper lip against the lower teeth, the reverse of labiodental.

The most common distribution between bilabials and labiodentals is the English one, in which the stops, [m], [p], and [b], are bilabial and the fricatives, [f], and [v], are labiodental. Bilabial fricatives and the bilabial approximant do not exist in English, but do occur in many languages. For example, the Spanish consonant spelt b or v is pronounced as a voiced bilabial approximant between vowels.

Lip rounding, or labialization, is a common approximant-like co-articulatory feature. English /w/ is a voiced labialized velar approximant, which is far more common than the purely labial approximant. In the languages of the Caucasus labialized dorsals like /kʷ/ and /qʷ/ are very common.

Very few languages, however, make a distinction purely between bilabials and labiodentals, making "labial" usually a sufficient specification of a language's phonemes. One language that does make such a distinction is Bahasa Ewe, having both kinds of fricatives, though the labiodentals are produced with greater articulatory force.

Lack of labials

While most languages make use of purely labial phonemes, a few generally lack them. Examples are Bahasa Tlingit, Bahasa Eyak (kedua-dua Na-Dené), Bahasa Wichita (Caddoan), and the Iroquoian languages except Cherokee. All of these languages have seen labials introduced under the influence of English.

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List of phonetics topics

Rujukan am

Ladefoged, Peter (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19814-8. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (bantuan)

@@ Baris 2: / Baris 2: @@
 {{Place_of_articulation}}
-'''Konsonan bibir''' adalah konsonan dimana satu atau kedua-dua bibir adalah [[manner of articulation|active articulator]]<!-- This wikilink would be better if it links to a specific section on the manner of articulation article. If you can find the proper section, please improve this link -->. This precludes [[linguolabial consonant|linguolabials]], dimana the tip of [[lidah]] reaches for the [[wiktionary:posterior|posterior]] side of the [[upper lip]] and which are considered [[coronal consonant|coronals]]. The two by far konsonan bibir terkenal ialah [[konsonan dwibibir|dwibibir]], diartikulasi dengan kedua-dua bibir, dan [[konsonan bibir-gusi|bibir-gusi]], articulated with the [[lower lip]] against the [[upper teeth]], both of which are present in [[English phonology|English]]. Other labials include [[dentolabial consonant|dentolabials]], articulated with the upper lip against the [[lower teeth]], the reverse of labiodental.
+'''Konsonan bibir''' adalah konsonan dimana satu atau kedua-dua bibir adalah [[manner of articulation|active articulator]]<!-- This wikilink would be better if it links to a specific section on the manner of articulation article. If you can find the proper section, please improve this link -->. This precludes [[linguolabial consonant|linguolabials]], dimana the tip of [[lidah]] reaches for the [[wiktionary:posterior|posterior]] side of the [[upper lip]] and which are considered [[coronal consonant|coronals]]. The two by far konsonan bibir terkenal ialah [[konsonan dwibibir|dwibibir]], diartikulasi dengan kedua-dua bibir, dan [[konsonan bibir-gusi|bibir-gusi]], articulated with the [[lower lip]] against the [[upper teeth]], kedua-duanya ada dalam [[Phonologi Bahasa Inggeris|Bahasa Inggeris]]. Konsonan bibir lain termasuk  include [[konsonan bibir-gigi|bibir-gigi]], articulated with the upper lip against the [[lower teeth]], the reverse of labiodental.
 The most common distribution between bilabials and labiodentals is the [[English language|English]] one, in which the [[stop consonant|stops]], {{IPA|[m]}}, {{IPA|[p]}}, and {{IPA|[b]}}, are bilabial and the [[fricative consonant|fricatives]], {{IPA|[f]}}, and {{IPA|[v]}}, are labiodental. [[Bilabial fricative]]s and the [[bilabial approximant]] do not exist in [[English language|English]], but do occur in many languages. For example, the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] consonant spelt ''b'' or ''v'' is pronounced as a [[voiced bilabial approximant]] between [[vowel]]s.
@@ Baris 8: / Baris 8: @@
 Lip rounding, or [[labialisation|labialization]], is a common [[approximant consonant|approximant]]-like [[Secondary articulation|co-articulatory]] feature. English {{IPA|/w/}} is a [[Voiced labio-velar approximant|voiced labialized velar approximant]], which is far more common than the purely [[labial approximant]]. In the [[languages of the Caucasus]] labialized [[dorsal consonant|dorsals]] like /kʷ/ and /qʷ/ are very common.
-Very few languages, however, make a distinction purely between [[bilabial consonant|bilabials]] and [[labiodental consonant|labiodentals]], making "labial" usually a sufficient specification of a language's [[phoneme]]s. One language that does make such a distinction is [[Ewe language|Ewe]], having both kinds of fricatives, though the labiodentals are produced with greater articulatory force.
+Very few languages, however, make a distinction purely between [[bilabial consonant|bilabials]] and [[labiodental consonant|labiodentals]], making "labial" usually a sufficient specification of a language's [[phoneme]]s. One language that does make such a distinction is [[Bahasa Ewe]], having both kinds of fricatives, though the labiodentals are produced with greater articulatory force.
 ==Lack of labials==
-While most languages make use of purely labial phonemes, a few generally lack them. Examples are [[Tlingit language|Tlingit]], [[Eyak language|Eyak]] (both [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dené]]), [[Wichita language|Wichita]] ([[Caddoan languages|Caddoan]]), and the [[Iroquoian languages]] except [[Cherokee language|Cherokee]]. All of these languages have seen labials introduced under the influence of English.
+While most languages make use of purely labial phonemes, a few generally lack them. Examples are [[Bahasa Tlingit]], [[Bahasa Eyak]] (kedua-dua [[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dené]]), [[Bahasa Wichita]] ([[Caddoan languages|Caddoan]]), and the [[Iroquoian languages]] except [[Cherokee language|Cherokee]]. All of these languages have seen labials introduced under the influence of English.
 ==Lihat juga==