Abu Ali Hasan Ibn Al-Haitham: Perbezaan antara semakan

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* http://www.tutor.com.my/tutor/estidotmy/index.asp?y=2003&dt=0625&pub=ESTIDOTMY&sec=Saintis_Islam&pg=si_01.htm
* http://www.tutor.com.my/tutor/estidotmy/index.asp?y=2003&dt=0625&pub=ESTIDOTMY&sec=Saintis_Islam&pg=si_01.htm


==Rujukan==
==Notes==
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|author-link=A. I. Sabra
|editor-last=Nasr
|editor-first=Seyyed Hossein
|editor-link=Hossein Nasr
|contribution=Ibn al-Haytham and the Visual Ray Hypothesis
|title=Ismaili Contributions to Islamic Culture
|year=1978a
|publisher=[[Shambhala Publications]]
|location=[[Boston]]
|isbn=0-87773-731-2
|pages=178–216
|unused_data=|ISBN status=May be invalid – please double check
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Sabra
|first=A. I.
|author-link=A. I. Sabra
|year=1978b
|contribution=An Eleventh-Century Refutation of Ptolemy's Planetary Theory
|editor-last=Hilfstein
|editor-first=Erna
|editor2-last=Czartoryski
|editor2-first=Paweł
|editor-last3=Grande
|editor-first3=Frank D.
|title=Science and History: Studies in Honor of Edward Rosen
|pages=117–131
|series=Studia Copernicana
|volume=XVI
|publisher=[[Ossolineum]], [[Wrocław]]
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Sabra
|first=A. I.
|author-link=A. I. Sabra
|year=1981
|title=Theories of Light from Descartes to Newton
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Sabra
|first=A. I.
|author-link=A. I. Sabra
|year=1998
|title=Configuring the Universe: Aporetic, Problem Solving, and Kinematic Modeling as Themes of Arabic Astronomy
|journal=Perspectives on Science
|volume=6
|issue=3
|pages=288–330
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Sabra
|first=A. I.
|author-link=A. I. Sabra
|url=http://www.harvardmagazine.com/on-line/090351.html
|contribution=Ibn al-Haytham: Brief life of an Arab mathematician
|title=[[Harvard Magazine]]
|date=October–December 2003
|accessdate=2008-01-23
}}
*{{Citation
|last1=Sabra
|first=A. I.
|author1-link=A. I. Sabra
|last2=Hogendijk
|first2=J. P.
|year=2003
|title=The Enterprise of Science in Islam: New Perspectives
|publisher=[[MIT Press]]
|isbn=0-262-19482-1
|oclc=237875424 50252039
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Saliba
|first=George
|author-link=George Saliba
|year=1994
|title=A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories During the Golden Age of Islam
|publisher=[[New York University Press]]
|isbn=0-8147-8023-7
|oclc=35666761
}}
*{{Citation
|first1=H.
|last1=Salih
|first2=M.
|last2=Al-Amri
|first3=M.
|last3=El Gomati
|year=2005
|title=The Miracle of Light
|journal=A World of Science
|volume=3
|issue=3
|publisher=[[UNESCO]]
}}
*{{Citation
|last1=Samuelson
|first1=James
|last2=Crookes
|first2=William
|title=The Journal of Science, and Annals of Astronomy, Biology, Geology
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Sardar
|first=Ziauddin
|author-link=Ziauddin Sardar
|year=1998
|contribution=Science in Islamic philosophy
|title=Islamic Philosophy
|publisher=[[Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]
|url=http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H016.htm
|accessdate=2008-02-03
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Sarton
|first=George
|author-link=George Sarton
|title=Introduction To The History of Science, Volume I: From Homer To Omar Khayyam
|year=1927
|publisher=[[Carnegie Institution for Science]]
|publication-place=[[Baltimore, Maryland]]
}}
*{{Citation
|last = Van Sertima
|first = Ivan
|author-link = Ivan Van Sertima
|coauthors =
|title = Golden Age Of The Moor
|publisher = [[Transaction Publishers]]
|year = 1992
|url = http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1F9HPuDkySsC&pg=PA382&dq=%22house+of+wisdom%22+ibn+al-hazen|doi =
|isbn = 1-56000-581-5
|year = 2004
|oclc = 123168739 25416243 29837541 44748929 50901951 56571741 57559516}}
*{{Citation
|last=Smith
|first=A. Mark
|publisher=[[American Philosophical Society]] & DIANE Publishing
|isbn=978-0-87169-914-5
|title=Alhacen's theory of visual perception: a critical edition, with English translation and commentary, of the first three books of Alhacen's De aspectibus, the medieval Latin version of Ibn al-Haytham's Kitab al-Manazir
|series = Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
|volume=91-4, 91-5
|publication-place=[[Philadelphia]]
|year=2001
|oclc=163278528 163278565 185537919 47168716
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Smith
|first=A. Mark
|title=The Alhacenian Account Of Spatial Perception And Its Epistemological Implications
|journal=Arabic Sciences and Philosophy
|volume=15
|year=2005
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|doi=10.1017/S0957423905000184
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Smith
|first=John D.
|date=1 March 1992
|title=The Remarkable Ibn al-Haytham
|journal=The Mathematical Gazette
|volume=76
|issue=475
|pages=189–198
|publisher=[[Mathematical Association]]
|doi=10.2307/3620392
|issn=0025-5572
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Thiele
|first=Rüdiger
|year=2005
|title=In Memoriam: Matthias Schramm
|journal=Arabic Sciences and Philosophy
|volume=15
|pages=329–331
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|doi=10.1017/S0957423905000214
}}
*{{Citation
|first=G. J.
|last=Toomer
|authorlink=G. J. Toomer
|title=Review: ''Ibn al-Haythams Weg zur Physik'' by Matthias Schramm
|journal=Isis
|volume=55
|issue=4
|date=December 1964
|pages=463–465
|doi=10.1086/349914
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Topdemir
|first=Hüseyin Gazi
|year=1999
|title=Takîyüddîn'in Optik Kitabi
|publisher=Ministry of Culture Press
|publication-place=[[Ankara]]
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Topdemir
|first=Hüseyin Gazi
|year=2007a
|title=Kamal Al-Din Al-Farisi’s Explanation of the Rainbow
|journal=Humanity & Social Sciences Journal
|volume=2
|issue=1
|pages=75–85
|url=http://www.idosi.org/hssj/hssj2(1)07/10.pdf
|accessdate=2008-09-16
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Topdemir
|first=Huseyin Gazi
|year=2007b
|date=July 18, 2007
|title=Ibn al-Haytham (965-1039) His Life and Works}}
*{{Citation
|last=Topdemir
|first=Hüseyin Gazi
|date=30 June 2008
|title=Taqi al-Din ibn Ma‘ruf and the Science of Optics: The Nature of Light and the Mechanism of Vision
|publisher=FSTC Limited
|url=http://muslimheritage.com/topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=951
|accessdate=2008-07-04
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Verma
|first=R. L.
|title=Al-Hazen: father of modern optics
|journal=Al-Arabi
|date=August 1969
|volume=8
|pages=12–3
|pmid=11634474
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Vernet
|first=J.
|contribution=Ibn al- Hayt̲h̲am, Abū ʿalī al-Ḥasan b. al-Ḥasan (or Ḥusayn) b. al-Hayt̲h̲am al-Baṣrī al-Miṣrī
|title=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]
|editor1-last=Bearman
|editor1-first=P.
|editor2-last=Bianquis
|editor2-first=Th.
|editor3-last=Bosworth
|editor3-first=C. E.
|editor4-last=van Donzel
|editor4-first=E.
|editor5-last=Heinrichs
|editor5-first=W. P.
|publisher=Brill Publishers
|publication-place=Brill Online
|date=4 April 2008
|url=http://www.brillonline.nl/subscriber/entry?entry=islam_SIM-3195
|accessdate=2008-09-16
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Wade
|first=Nicholas J.
|year=1998
|title=A Natural History of Vision
|publisher=Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Wade
|first=Nicholas J.
|last2=Finger
|first2=Stanley
|year=2001
|title=The eye as an optical instrument: from camera obscura to Helmholtz's perspective
|journal=Perception
|volume=30
|issue=10
|pages=1157–1177
|doi=10.1068/p3210
|pmid=11721819
}}
*{{Citation
|last = Weisstein
|first = Eric
|title = Alhazen's Billiard Problem
|publisher = [[Mathworld]]
|url = http://mathworld.wolfram.com/AlhazensBilliardProblem.html
|accessdate = 2008-09-24
}}
*{{Citation
|last = Whitaker
|first = Brian
|author-link = Brian Whitaker
|title = Centuries in the House of Wisdom
|newspaper = [[The Guardian]]
|date = 2004-09-23
|url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2004/sep/23/research.highereducation1
|accessdate = 2008-09-16
}}

{{Refend}}

==Further reading==
===Primary literature===
*{{Citation
|last=Sabra
|first=A. I., ed.
|author-link=A. I. Sabra
|title=The Optics of Ibn al-Haytham, Books I-II-III: On Direct Vision. The Arabic text, edited and with Introduction, Arabic-Latin Glossaries and Concordance Tables
|publisher=[[Kuwait]]: National Council for Culture, Arts and Letters
|year=1983
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Sabra
|first=A. I., ed.
|author-link=A. I. Sabra
|title=The Optics of Ibn al-Haytham. Edition of the Arabic Text of Books IV-V: On Reflection and Images Seen by Reflection. 2 vols
|publisher=Kuwait: The National Council for Culture, Arts and Letters
|year=2002
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Sabra
|first=A. I., trans.
|author-link=A. I. Sabra
|title=The Optics of Ibn al-Haytham. Books I-II-III: On Direct Vision. English Translation and Commentary. 2 vols
|series=Studies of the Warburg Institute, vol. 40
|publisher=The [[Warburg Institute]], [[University of London]]
|publication-place=[[London]]
|year=1989
|isbn=0-85481-072-2
|oclc=165564751 165564771 180528350 180528355 180528359 21530166 230045836 24910015 59836570
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Smith
|first=A. Mark, ed. and trans.
|title=Alhacen's Theory of Visual Perception: A Critical Edition, with English Translation and Commentary, of the First Three Books of Alhacen's ''De aspectibus'', the Medieval Latin Version of Ibn al-Haytham's ''Kitāb al-Manāzir'', 2 vols.
|journal=Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
|volume=91
|issue=4-5
|publication-place=[[Philadelphia]]
|year=2001
|isbn=0-87169-914-1
|publisher=[[American Philosophical Society]]
|location=Philadelphia
|oclc=47168716
}}
*{{Citation
|last=Smith
|first=A. Mark, ed. and trans.
|title=Alhacen on the Principles of Reflection: A Critical Edition, with English Translation and Commentary, of Books 4 and 5 of Alhacen's ''De Aspectibus'', the Medieval Latin version of Ibn-al-Haytham's ''Kitāb al-Manāzir'', 2 vols
|journal=Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
|volume=96
|issue=2–3
|publication-place=Philadelphia
|year=2006
|isbn=0-87169-962-1
|publisher=American Philosophical Soc.
|location=Philadelphia
|oclc=123464885 185359947 185359957 219328717 219328739 70078653
}}

===Secondary literature===
* Graham, Mark. ''How Islam Created the Modern World''. Amana Publications, 2006.
*{{Citation
|last=Omar
|first=Saleh Beshara
|title=Ibn al-Haytham and Greek optics: a comparative study in scientific methodology
|publisher=PhD Dissertation, [[University of Chicago]], Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations
|date=June 1975}}
*{{Citation
|last=Saliba
|first=George
|author-link=George Saliba
|title=Islamic Science and the Making of the European Reneissance
|year=2007
|publisher=[[MIT Press]]
|isbn=0-262-19557-7
}}
* Belting, Hans, ''Afterthoughts on Alhazen’s Visual Theory and Its Presence in the Pictorial Theory of Western Perspective'', in: Variantology 4. On Deep Time Relations of Arts, Sciences and Technologies In the Arabic-Islamic World and Beyond, ed. by Siegfried Zielinski and Eckhard Fürlus in cooperation with Daniel Irrgang and Franziska Latell (Cologne: Verlag der Buchhandlung Walther König, 2010), pp. 19–42. [http://www.buchhandlung-walther-koenig.de/cat/kwb_45_variantology_4/pid_170000000000790428.aspx]
* Siegfried Zielinski & Franziska Latell, ''How One Sees'', in: Variantology 4. On Deep Time Relations of Arts, Sciences and Technologies In the Arabic-Islamic World and Beyond, ed. by Siegfried Zielinski and Eckhard Fürlus in cooperation with Daniel Irrgang and Franziska Latell (Cologne: Verlag der Buchhandlung Walther König, 2010), pp. 19–42. [http://www.buchhandlung-walther-koenig.de/cat/kwb_45_variantology_4/pid_170000000000790428.aspx]

==External links==
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor = Thomas Hockey et al | last = Langermann | first = Y. Tzvi | title=Ibn al‐Haytham: Abū ʿAlī al‐Ḥasan ibn al‐Ḥasan | encyclopedia = The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers | publisher = Springer | year = 2007 | location = New York | pages = 556–7 | url=http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Ibn_al-Haytham_BEA.htm | isbn=978-0-387-31022-0}} ([http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Ibn_al-Haytham_BEA.pdf PDF version])
* {{cite encyclopedia | last = Sabra | first = A. I. | title=[http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2830901904.html Ibn Al-Haytham, Abū ʿAlī Al-Ḥasan Ibn Al-Ḥasan] | encyclopedia = [[Dictionary of Scientific Biography|Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography]] | publisher = Encyclopedia.com | origyear=1970–80 | year = 2008 }}
* [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jbourj/money4.htm Ibn al-Haytham on two Iraqi banknotes]
* [http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001412/141236E.pdf The Miracle of Light – a UNESCO article on Ibn al-Haytham]
* [http://www.malaspina.org/alhazen.htm Biography from Malaspina Global Portal]
* [http://www.amaana.org/ISWEB/contents.htm#pos9 Short biographies on several "Muslim Heroes and Personalities" including Ibn al-Haytham]
* [http://graphicstandards.org/alhazens_problem Multimedia artwork based on Alhazen's Problem]
* [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1997/04/01/ngre01.html Report by the Telegraph of a modern day solution of Alhazen's problem]
* [http://web.archive.org/web/19991013041615/http://www.ionet.net/~usarch/WTB-Services/MiddleEast/WTB-ME-Thinkers-IbnAlHaitham.shtml Biography from ioNET via the Wayback Machine]
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20060211032459/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/alhazen.shtml Biography from the BBC via the Wayback Machine]
* [http://www.trincoll.edu/depts/phil/philo/phils/muslim/alhazen.html Biography from Trinity College (Connecticut)]
* [http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/alhazen.html Biography from Molecular Expressions]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7810846.stm The First True Scientist] from BBC News
* [http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=46128&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Over the Moon] From The UNESCO Courier on the occasion of the International Year of Astronomy 2009
*[http://hos.ou.edu/galleries//03Medieval/Alhazen/ Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries] High resolution images of works by Alhazen in .jpg and .tiff format.
* [http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200703/rediscovering.arabic.science.htm, Richard Covington, ''Rediscovering Arabic Science'', 2007, Saudi Aramco World]

{{Islamic astronomy}}
{{Islamic mathematics}}
{{Islamic philosophy}}
{{Islamic medicine}}

<!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->
{{Persondata
|NAME = al-Haytham, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Alhacen; Alhazen; al-Basri
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = Scientist
|DATE OF BIRTH = 965
|PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Basra]], [[Islamic Empire]]
|DATE OF DEATH = c. 1040
|PLACE OF DEATH = [[Cairo]], [[Egypt]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Al-Haytham}}
[[Category:965 births]]
[[Category:1039 deaths]]
[[Category:Scientific method]]
[[Category:Natural philosophers]]
[[Category:Medieval Islamic astronomers]]
[[Category:Medieval Iraqi astronomers]]
[[Category:Astronomers of medieval Islam]]
[[Category:Medieval Islamic mathematicians]]
[[Category:Medieval Iraqi mathematicians]]
[[Category:10th-century mathematicians]]
[[Category:11th-century mathematicians]]
[[Category:Medieval Arab philosophers]]
[[Category:Iraqi philosophers]]
[[Category:Medieval engineers]]
[[Category:Iraqi engineers]]
[[Category:Medieval Iraqi physicians]]
[[Category:Medieval Persian physicians]]
[[Category:Iranian scientists]]
[[Category:Iraqi scientists]]
[[Category:People from Basra]]
[[Category:Philosophers of science]]
[[Category:Arab scholars]]
[[Category:Islamic philosophers]]
[[Category:Medieval physicists]]
[[Category:Muslim scholars]]
[[Category:Precursors of photography]]
[[Category:Scientists who worked on Qibla determination]]
[[Category:Physicians of medieval Islam]]
[[Category:Mathematicians of medieval Islam]]
[[Category:Iraqi Shi'a Muslims]]
[[Category:11th-century astronomers]]

{{Link FA|ar}}

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[[zh:海什木]]



[[Kategori:Kaedah saintifik]]
[[Kategori:Kaedah saintifik]]

Semakan pada 10:30, 19 Julai 2012

Al-Haytham
Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen)
Kelahiran(965-07-01)1 Julai 965 CE[1] (354 AH)[2]
Basra di Iraq sekarang, Buyid Farsi
Meninggal dunia6 Mac 1040(1040-03-06) (umur 74)[1] (430 AH)[3]
Cairo, Egypt, Fatimid Caliphate
Terkenal keranaBook of Optics, Doubts Concerning Ptolemy, On the Configuration of the World, The Model of the Motions, Treatise on Light, Treatise on Place, kaedah saintifik, sains eksperimen, fizik eksperimen, psikologi eksperimen, persepsi penglihatan, geometri analitik, astronomi bukan Ptolemaic, celestial mechanics
Kerjaya saintifik
BidangAhli Fizik dan Ahli Matematik
PengaruhAristotle, Euclid, Ptolemy
Dipengaruhi olehAverroes, Witelo, Roger Bacon, Kepler


Tokoh Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn al-Haytham (Arab: أبو علي، الحسن بن الحسن بن الهيثم, Parsi: ابن هیثم, Latin: Alhacen atau [5] Alhazen) (dilahirkan di Basrah pada 965 Masihi – dan meninggal dunia pada 1040 Masihi di Kaherah). Beliau ialah seorang Muslim,[6] ahli sains Muslim dan polymath yang banyak diterangkan dalam pelbagai sumber samaada dalam bahasa Arab mahupun Parsi.[7][8][9][10][11][12], Beliau juga terkenal sebagai Bapa Optik Moden. Beliau merupakan pakar fizik yang terunggul melalui sumbangan terhadap kaedah optik dan saintifik. Abu Ali Hasan telah mendapat pendidikan di Basrah dan Baghdad.

Abu Ali Hasan juga merupakan manusia pertama yang memperincikan secara tepat pelbagai bahagian mata dan memberi penjelasan saintifik mengenai proses penglihatan. Abu Ali Hasan menyangkal teori penglihatan Ptolemy dan Euclid yang menyebut bahawa mata menghantar sinaran visual kepada objek yang dilihat. Menurut Ali Abu Hasan, sinaran berasal dalam objek yang dilihat dan dan bukan dalam mata.

Dalam bukunya Mizan al-Hikmah, Ali Abu Hasan membincangkan ketumpatan atmosfera dan menghasilkan hubungan antara atmosfera dan ketinggian.

Pautan luar

Notes

  1. ^ a b Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; teks bagi rujukan Britannica tidak disediakan
  2. ^ Charles M. Falco (November 27–29, 2007), Ibn al-Haytham and the Origins of Computerized Image Analysis (PDF), International Conference on Computer Engineering & Systems (ICCES), dicapai pada 2010-01-30
  3. ^ Franz Rosenthal (1960–1961), "Al-Mubashshir ibn Fâtik. Prolegomena to an Abortive Edition", Oriens, Brill Publishers, 13: 132–158 [136–7], JSTOR 1580309
  4. ^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; teks bagi rujukan mathsong.com tidak disediakan
  5. ^ Lindberg, 1996.
  6. ^ http://www.amualumni.8m.com/Scientist3.htm
    http://www.islamic-study.org/optics.htm
  7. ^ (Child, Shuter & Taylor 1992, p. 70)
    (Dessel, Nehrich & Voran 1973, p. 164)
    (Samuelson Crookes, p. 497)
    Understanding History by John Child, Paul Shuter, David Taylor - Page 70.
  8. ^ Science and Human Destiny by Norman F. Dessel, Richard B. Nehrich, Glenn I. Voran - Page 164.
    The Journal of Science, and Annals of Astronomy, Biology, Geology by James Samuelson, William Crookes - Page 497.
  9. ^ (Smith 1992)
    (Grant 2008)
    (Vernet 2008)
    Paul Lagasse (2007), "Ibn al-Haytham", [[Columbia Encyclopedia]] (ed. Sixth), Columbia, ISBN 0-7876-5075-7, dicapai pada 2008-01-23 URL–wikilink conflict (bantuan)
  10. ^ [1]
    (Dessel, Nehrich & Voran 1973, p. 164)
    (Samuelson Crookes, p. 497)
  11. ^ Science and Human Destiny by Norman F. Dessel, Richard B. Nehrich, Glenn I. Voran - Page 164.
    The Journal of Science, and Annals of Astronomy, Biology, Geology by James Samuelson, William Crookes - Page 497.
  12. ^ Review of Ibn al-Haytham: First Scientist, Kirkus Reviews, December 1, 2006:
    a devout, brilliant polymath
    (Hamarneh 1972):
    A great man and a universal genius, long neglected even by his own people.
    (Bettany 1995):
    Ibn ai-Haytham provides us with the historical personage of a versatile universal genius.

References

Further reading

Primary literature

Secondary literature

  • Graham, Mark. How Islam Created the Modern World. Amana Publications, 2006.
  • Omar, Saleh Beshara (June 1975), Ibn al-Haytham and Greek optics: a comparative study in scientific methodology, PhD Dissertation, University of Chicago, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations
  • Saliba, George (2007), Islamic Science and the Making of the European Reneissance, MIT Press, ISBN 0-262-19557-7
  • Belting, Hans, Afterthoughts on Alhazen’s Visual Theory and Its Presence in the Pictorial Theory of Western Perspective, in: Variantology 4. On Deep Time Relations of Arts, Sciences and Technologies In the Arabic-Islamic World and Beyond, ed. by Siegfried Zielinski and Eckhard Fürlus in cooperation with Daniel Irrgang and Franziska Latell (Cologne: Verlag der Buchhandlung Walther König, 2010), pp. 19–42. [2]
  • Siegfried Zielinski & Franziska Latell, How One Sees, in: Variantology 4. On Deep Time Relations of Arts, Sciences and Technologies In the Arabic-Islamic World and Beyond, ed. by Siegfried Zielinski and Eckhard Fürlus in cooperation with Daniel Irrgang and Franziska Latell (Cologne: Verlag der Buchhandlung Walther König, 2010), pp. 19–42. [3]

External links

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Templat:Link FA ms:Abu Ali Hasan Ibn Al-Haitham Templat:Link FA

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