Rayy: Perbezaan antara semakan

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Semakan pada 07:42, 24 Januari 2013

Lihat Rayshahr untuk Pusat Pendidikan Empayar Sassanid di Provinsi Fars.

Rey, Rayy, Rhages atau Rages (ری dalam bahasa Parsi; Ῥάγαιcode: grc is deprecated (Rhágai) dalam Greek, Rhagae dalam Latin) juga dikenali dengan Shahr-e Rey (Parsi: شهر ریcode: fa is deprecated ), ialah bandar tertua di luar wilayah Tehran, Iran.

Sejarah dan kebudayaan

Lihat juga: Rey, Iran, sebagai objektif ketenteraan

Bandar ini dianggarkan berusia lebih 5 ribu tahun, dan dibina di zaman Empayar Medes. Ia dikenali pada Zaman Klasik sebagai Rhagae. Ia disebut beberapa kali dalam buku Apocrypha Kitab Bible. Namanya berasal sebelum zaman Medes. Sesetengah ahli sejarah menganggap bangunannya berpunca daripada raja mitologi kuno, manakala sebahagian yang lain pul mempercayai Ray merupakan bekas pusat dinasti seorang pemimpin Majusi.

Ray memiliki lebih banyak tugu-tugu bersejarah daripada banyak bandar-bandar kuno. Antaranya tugu tersebut ialah kota Gebri yang berusia 3,000 tahun, bukit Cheshmeh Ali (5,000 tahun), makam Bibi Shahr Banoo yang berusia 1,000 tahun dan karavansarai Shah Abbasi. Ia merupakan tempat kediaman tonggak sains seperti al-Razi.

Bandar Rayy mengalami kerosakan teruk berikutan penaklukan Mongol dan lama kelamaan ia kehilangan kedudukannya kepada Tehran yang terletak berdekatannya.

Rayy memiliki makam masyhur seorang wali Shia, Shah-Abdol-Azim, dan juga sebuah menara abad ke-12, yang digelar Borj e Toghrol.

Terdapat juga satu makam peringatan Puteri Shahr Banu, anak sulung pemerintah terakhir Empayar Sasan. Beliau ibu kepada Ali Zayn al Abidin, Imam Keempat kaum Shia melalui perkahwinannya dengan Saidina Hussein ibni Ali, cucu Nabi Muhammad s.a.w.. Sebuah bukit berdekatan juga dinamakan sempena Puteri Shahr Banu. Namun, terdapat beberapa sumber yang menyandarkan makam tersebut kepada Anahita, tuhan air dan kesuburan dan mendakwa makam tersebut diberi nama baharu apabila orang Parsi memeluk Islam bagi memeliharanya daripada ancaman.

Antara tarikan utama yang masih kekal

Bukit Cheshmeh Ali:

Sebuah bukit dengan mata air. Pada tahun 1933-6 bukit Cheshmeh Ali telah digali oleh para ahli arkeologi daripada Boston Fine Arts Museum Muzium University, Universiti Pennsylvania yang diketuai Dr Erich Schmidt. Pasukan ini berjaya menjumpa artifak berusia 7,000 ribu tahun. Beberapa artifak dipamerkan di Iran, Chicago dan Philadelphia.

Bukit ini, yang sekarang hampir mendaji sebuah dataran akibat projek hartanah pada tahun 1980 dan 1900-an menjadi penempatan Aryan kira-kira 6,000 dahulu. Oleh sebab Ray menjadi pusat peranginan semasa pemerintah dinasti Qajar, Fath Ali Shah sering bersiar-siar dan mengembara di bandar Ray. Pada tahun 1831 potretnya his dan beberapa putera Qajar dipahat pada sebuah batu di bukit Cheshmeh Ali dan kawasan sekeliling potret dihiasi ketulan batu leler yang dipahat penuh dengan puisi.

Toghrol Tower:

The architectural structure was constructed under the reign of Saljuks at the order of Toghrol in 1140, once he transferred the capital city from Neyshabour to Ray. The tower is 20 meters high and the surface of its exterior is divided into 24 sections, which besides manifesting beauty and durability, symbolizes the figures of constellation as well as a 24-hour length of time (a day and a night).

Shah Abbasi Caravansary:

One of the ancient residential and commercial complexes, which was used as a lodging by traders and located on the shrine street, close to the Bazaar. It comprises four verandas and is surrounded by stones all around, which used to serve as a market place where goods and commercial products were presented and sold by traders.

Ray Bazaar:

Located to the north of Shah-Abdol-Azim's shrine, which comprises two sections and a crossroad is formed at their intersection. It has long been a center for the sale of spices, traditional herbs, and commercial goods which were imported by traders via the Silk Road. The structure of the bazaar is constructed from plaster, brick, raw mud brick and mud. It dates back to the Safavid era and is approximately 500 years old.

Anyanaj Tower:

An octagonal tower known as Naqareh Khaneh stands on the slopes of Tabarak mountain. A cellar is linked to the tower from underneath though a vestibule erected outside. The tower, which is constructed by stone and plaster and decorated by brickwork and zigzag vaults, dates back to the Saljuk era.

Gebri Crypt:

Zoroastrians lived in this area, who used to leave the corpses of the dead in the open air. According to their traditions, once the flesh had decayed, the remaining bones would be buried. The ancient Zoroastrians disapproved of contaminating the earth with a corpse through regular burial, or contaminating fire through cremation (An afront to Armaiti and Asha respectively). Gebri crypt was built as a high circular structure, six meters high, which was constructed by stone and mortar. It dates back to the 1st millennium BCE, around 3,000 years ago and was earlier called by different names, such as Khamoushan tower, Ostvaran, Ostkhan-ran, Marg (Death) tower and Sokout (Silence) tower.

Paintings of Monarchs on Ashkan Mountain:

At the order of Fath Ali Shah Qajar, a slide was erected on the Ashkan mountain as a sliding and recreation tool for the monarchic family. At the southern slopes of the mountain, a rough image of the Sassanid kings has been carved on a rock, which was leveled for this purpose. The image was left incomplete. Later at the order of Fath Ali Shah the image was erased to be replaced by his own portrait, while he had a crown on head and a spear in hand targeted at a lion.

Orang terkenal yang lahir di Shahr-e-Rey

Rayy hari ini

Ray today has been absorbed into the Greater Tehran metropolitan city. It is connected via the Tehran Metro to the rest of Tehran and has many industries and factories in operation. Limited excavations of what was not bulldozed were begun in 1997 in collaboration with the Iranian Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organisation (ICHTO), the Department of Archaeological Sciences of the University of Bradford and the Department of Archaeology of the University of Tehran .

Lihat juga

Pautan luar

Koordinat: 35°35′N 51°26′E / 35.583°N 51.433°E / 35.583; 51.433

Templat:Main quarters of Tehran

@@ Baris 16: / Baris 16: @@
 Terdapat juga satu makam peringatan Puteri [[Shahr Banu]], anak sulung pemerintah terakhir [[Empayar Sasan]]. Beliau ibu kepada [[Ali Zayn al Abidin]], Imam Keempat kaum Shia melalui perkahwinannya dengan  [[Saidina Hussein ibni Ali]], cucu [[Nabi Muhammad s.a.w.]]. Sebuah bukit berdekatan juga dinamakan sempena Puteri Shahr Banu. Namun, terdapat beberapa sumber yang menyandarkan makam tersebut kepada [[Anahita]], tuhan air dan kesuburan dan mendakwa makam tersebut diberi nama baharu apabila orang Parsi memeluk Islam bagi memeliharanya daripada ancaman.
-== Antara tarikan utama yang masih tinggal ==
+== Antara tarikan utama yang masih kekal ==
-*'''Cheshmeh Ali Hill:'''
+*'''Bukit Cheshmeh Ali:'''
-A hill with a spring. In 1933-6 Cheshmeh Ali hill was excavated by archaeologists from the [[Boston Fine Arts Museum]] and the University Museum at the [[University of Pennsylvania]] headed by Dr. Erich Schmidt, which resulted in the discovery of 7,000-year-old artifacts. Some of the discovered objects are displayed at museums in Iran, Chicago, and Philadelphia.
+Sebuah bukit dengan mata air. Pada tahun 1933-6 bukit Cheshmeh Ali telah digali oleh para ahli arkeologi daripada [[Boston Fine Arts Museum]] Muzium University, [[Universiti Pennsylvania]] yang diketuai Dr Erich Schmidt. Pasukan ini berjaya menjumpa artifak berusia 7,000 ribu tahun. Beberapa artifak dipamerkan di [[Iran]], [[Chicago]] dan [[Philadelphia]].
-The hill, which is now entirely leveled out and most artifacts unrecoverable due to real estate expansion in the 1980s and 1990s, was the home of [[Aryans]] about 6,000 years ago. Since Ray was used as a recreation center due to its beautiful attractions under the reign of the [[Qajar]] dynasty, [[Fath Ali Shah]] often used to explore the city. In 1831 his portrait and that of some [[Qajar]] princes were engraved on a rock at Cheshmeh Ali hill and its surrounding was decorated with tablets covered by poetry.
+Bukit ini, yang sekarang hampir mendaji sebuah dataran akibat projek hartanah pada tahun 1980 dan 1900-an menjadi penempatan [[Aryan]] kira-kira 6,000 dahulu. Oleh sebab Ray menjadi pusat peranginan semasa pemerintah dinasti [[Qajar]], [[Fath Ali Shah]] sering bersiar-siar dan mengembara di bandar Ray. Pada tahun 1831 potretnya his dan beberapa putera Qajar dipahat pada sebuah batu di bukit Cheshmeh Ali dan kawasan sekeliling potret dihiasi ketulan batu leler yang dipahat penuh dengan puisi.
 *'''Toghrol Tower: '''