Wilayah Constanța: Perbezaan antara semakan
Kandungan dihapus Kandungan ditambah
Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Infobox Settlement | official_name = Constanța | settlement_type = County | image_skyline ...' |
Tiada ringkasan suntingan |
||
Baris 1: | Baris 1: | ||
{{Infobox Settlement |
|||
| official_name = Constanța |
|||
| settlement_type = [[Counties of Romania|County]] |
|||
| image_skyline = |
|||
| image_caption = |
|||
| image_flag = |
|||
| flag_link = |
|||
| image_shield = Actual_Constanta_county_CoA.png |
|||
| shield_link = Coat of arms of Constanța County |
|||
| image_map = Constanta in Romania.svg |
|||
| map_caption = |
|||
| coordinates_region = RO |
|||
| subdivision_type = Country |
|||
| subdivision_name = {{ROU}} |
|||
| subdivision_type1 = Development region<sup>1</sup> |
|||
| subdivision_name1 = [[Sud-Est (development region)|Sud-Est]] |
|||
| subdivision_type2 = Historic region |
|||
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dobrogea]] |
|||
| subdivision_type3 = Capital city (''Reședință de județ'') |
|||
| subdivision_name3 = [[Constanța]] |
|||
| government_footnotes = |
|||
| government_type = County Board |
|||
| leader_party = Social Democratic Party |
|||
| leader_title = President of the County Board |
|||
| leader_name = Nicuşor Constantinescu |
|||
| leader_title1 = Prefect<sup>2</sup> |
|||
| leader_name1 = ''vacant''<ref>{{ro icon}} [[Mediafax]], [http://www.mediafax.ro/politic/guvernul-a-dispus-eliberarea-din-functie-a-prefectilor-judetelor-constanta-si-ialomita-9568421/ The Romanian Government Dismissed the Prefects of Constanța and Ialomița Counties], accessed on April 24, 2012</ref> |
|||
| established_title = |
|||
| established_date = |
|||
| area_magnitude = |
|||
| area_total_km2 = 7071 |
|||
| area_rank = [[List of Romanian counties by area|8th in Romania]] |
|||
| area_land_km2 = |
|||
| area_water_km2 = |
|||
| area_total_sq_mi = |
|||
| area_land_sq_mi = |
|||
| area_water_sq_mi = |
|||
| area_water_percent = |
|||
| area_urban_km2 = |
|||
| area_urban_sq_mi = |
|||
| area_metro_km2 = |
|||
| area_metro_sq_mi = |
|||
| elevation_footnotes = |
|||
| elevation_m = |
|||
| elevation_ft = |
|||
| latd = 44.27 |
|||
| longd = 28.31 |
|||
| coordinates_display = inline,title |
|||
| population_as_of = 2011 census<ref name="INSSER">{{cite web | url = http://www.constanta.insse.ro/phpfiles/COMUNICAT_RPL_CONSTANTA.pdf | title = Constanta County at the 2011 census | date = February 02, 2012 | accessdate = February 16, 2012 | publisher = [[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)|INSSE]] | language = Romanian}}</ref> |
|||
| population_footnotes = |
|||
| population_total = {{decrease}}630679 |
|||
| population_rank = [[List of Romanian counties by population|6th in Romania]] |
|||
| population_density_km2 = 101 |
|||
| population_density_sq_mi = |
|||
| population_metro = |
|||
| population_density_metro_km2 = |
|||
| population_density_metro_sq_mi = |
|||
| population_urban = |
|||
| population_density_urban_km2 = |
|||
| population_density_urban_sq_mi = |
|||
| population_note = |
|||
| timezone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]] |
|||
| utc_offset = +2 |
|||
| timezone_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]] |
|||
| utc_offset_DST = +3 |
|||
| postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in Romania|Postal Code]] |
|||
| postal_code = 90wxyz<sup>3</sup> |
|||
| area_code = [[Romania telephone area codes|+40 x41]]<sup>4</sup> |
|||
| blank_name = [[Romanian car number plates|Car Plates]] |
|||
| blank_info = CT<sup>5</sup> |
|||
| blank1_name = GDP |
|||
| blank1_info = US$ 7.91 billion (''2008'') |
|||
| blank2_name = GDP/[[capita]] |
|||
| blank2_info = US$ 11,051 (''2008'') |
|||
| footnotes = <sup>1</sup>The development regions of [[Romania]] have no administrative role. They were formed just to attract funds from the [[European Union]]<br><sup>2</sup> as of 2007, the Prefect is not a politician, but a public functionary. He or she is not allowed to be a member of a political party and is forbidden from political activity in the first six months after the resignation (or exclusion) from the public functionary corps<br><sup>3</sup>w, x, y, and z are digits that indicate the city, the street, part of the street, or even the building of the address<br><sup>4</sup>x is a digit indicating the operator: 2 for the former national operator, [[Romtelecom]], and 3 for the other ground telephone networks<br><sup>5</sup>used on both the plates of the vehicles that operate only in the county limits (like utility vehicles, [[All-terrain vehicle|ATV]]s, etc.), and the ones used outside the county |
|||
| website = [http://www.cjc.ro County Board]<br>[http://www.prefectura-ct.ro County Prefecture] |
|||
}} |
|||
'''Constanța''' ({{IPA-ro|konˈstant͡sa}}) is the name of a county ([[judeţ]]) in the [[Dobrogea]] region of [[Romania]]. Its capital city is also named [[Constanța]]. |
|||
==Demographics== |
|||
In 2011, it had a population of 630,679 and the population density was 89.19/km². The degree of urbanization is much higher (about 75%) than the Romanian average. In recent years the population trend is: |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
! Year |
|||
! County population<ref>National Institute of Statistics, ''[http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/RPL2002INS/vol1/tabele/t01.pdf "Populaţia la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992 şi 2002"]''</ref><ref name="INSSER"/> |
|||
|- |
|||
| 1948 |
|||
| 311,062 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 1956 |
|||
|{{increase}} 369,940 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 1966 |
|||
|{{increase}} 465,752 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 1977 |
|||
|{{increase}} 608,817 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 1992 |
|||
|{{increase}} 748,769 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 1996 |
|||
|{{decrease}} 747,122 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 2000 |
|||
|{{decrease}} 746,988 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 2002 |
|||
|{{decrease}} 715,151 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 2011 |
|||
|{{decrease}} 630,679 |
|||
|} |
|||
The majority of the population are [[Romanians]]. There are important communities of [[Turkish people|Turks]] and [[Tatars]], remnants of the time of [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule. Currently the region is the centre of the [[Islam in Romania|Muslim minority in Romania]]. A great number of [[Aromanians]] have migrated to [[Dobrogea]] in the last century, and they consider themselves a cultural minority rather than an ethnic minority. There are also [[Roma (Romani subgroup)|Romas]]. |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
! Ethnicity |
|||
! 1880<ref>Robert Stănciugel and Liliana Monica Bălaşa, ''Dobrogea în Secolele VII-XIX. Evoluţie istorică'', Bucharest, 2005; pg. 202</ref> |
|||
! 2002<ref>[http://www.recensamant.ro/pagini/tabele/t40a.pdf 2002 official census results]</ref> |
|||
! 2011<ref name="INSSER"/> |
|||
|- |
|||
| All |
|||
| 64,902 |
|||
| 715,151 |
|||
| 630,679 |
|||
|- |
|||
| Romanian |
|||
| 14,884 (23%) |
|||
| 652,777 (91%) |
|||
| 567,779 (90%) |
|||
|- |
|||
| Turkish |
|||
| 14,947 (23%) |
|||
| 24,246 (3.4%) |
|||
| 21,014 (3.3%) |
|||
|- |
|||
| Tatar |
|||
| 22,854 (35%) |
|||
| 23,230 (3.2%) |
|||
| 19,720 (3.1%) |
|||
|- |
|||
| Bulgarian |
|||
| 7,919 (12%) |
|||
| 74 (0.01%) |
|||
| N/A |
|||
|- |
|||
| Greek |
|||
| 2,607 (4%) |
|||
| 590 (0.08%) |
|||
| N/A |
|||
|- |
|||
| Roma/Gypsy |
|||
| <100 (<0.1%) |
|||
| 6,023 (0.84%) |
|||
| 8,401 (1.33%) |
|||
|} |
|||
==Geography== |
|||
*[[Călăraşi County]] and [[Ialomiţa County]] are to the west. |
|||
*[[Tulcea County]] and [[Brăila County]] are to the north. |
|||
*[[Bulgaria]] ([[Dobrich Province]] and [[Silistra Province]]) are to the south. |
|||
==Economy== |
|||
{{Romanian counties map}} |
|||
The predominant industries in the county are: |
|||
* Chemicals and petrochemicals |
|||
* Food and beverages |
|||
* Textiles |
|||
* Ship building |
|||
* Construction materials |
|||
* Mechanical components |
|||
* Paper |
|||
Agriculture is an important part in the county's economy, with Constanţa being the county with the largest irrigation systems in the country (more than 4,300 km² before 1989, now greatly reduced), cereals being the most important products. Also, the county is famous for its [[Romanian wine|wines]] from the [[Murfatlar]] region. |
|||
At [[Cernavodă]] there is a [[Cernavodă Nuclear Power Plant|nuclear power plant]] with two [[nuclear reactors|reactors]], each of the [[CANDU]] type of Canadian design. The plant covers over 15% of the country's power demand. |
|||
The [[Port of Constanţa]] is the largest port in [[Romania]] and one of the most important on the [[Black Sea]]. It is linked with the [[Danube]] by the [[Danube-Black Sea Canal]] – the widest and deepest navigable channel in Europe, although it is not used to its full potential. |
|||
==Tourism== |
|||
The [[Black Sea]] littoral is the preferred destination for the summer holidays in [[Romania]]. The resorts are: |
|||
* [[Năvodari]] |
|||
* [[Mamaia]] |
|||
* [[Eforie]] (North and South) |
|||
* [[Costineşti]] |
|||
* [[Olimp, Romania|Olimp]] |
|||
* [[Neptun, Romania|Neptun]] |
|||
* [[Jupiter, Romania|Jupiter]] |
|||
* [[Cap Aurora]] |
|||
* [[Venus, Constanţa|Venus]] |
|||
* [[Saturn, Romania|Saturn]] |
|||
* [[Mangalia]] |
|||
* [[2 Mai]] |
|||
* [[Vama Veche]] |
|||
Also worth visiting are: |
|||
* The city of [[Constanţa]] |
|||
* The mausoleum from [[Adamclisi]] |
|||
* The [[Portiţa, Sinoe|Portiţa]] area |
|||
==Politics== |
|||
The current president of Constanţa County Board is [[Nicuşor Constantinescu]] (Social Democratic Party). |
|||
The Constanţa County Board, elected in the [[Romanian local election, 2008|2008 local government elections]], is made up of 36 counselors, with the following party composition: |
|||
{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" class="wikitable" |
|||
! style="background:#ccc" | |
|||
! style="background:#ccc" | Party |
|||
! style="background:#ccc" | Seats |
|||
! style="background:#ccc" colspan="20" | Current County Council |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | |
|||
| [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|Social Democratic Party]] |
|||
| style="text-align: right" | '''20''' |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PD}} | |
|||
| [[Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)|Democratic Liberal Party]] |
|||
| style="text-align: right" | '''9''' |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PD}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PD}} | |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | |
|||
| [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|National Liberal Party]] |
|||
| style="text-align: right" | '''7''' |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | |
|||
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|} |
|||
==Administrative divisions== |
|||
{{seealso|Constanţa metropolitan area}} |
|||
Constanţa County has 3 municipalities, 9 towns and 58 communes: |
|||
*Municipalities |
|||
**[[Constanţa]] – capital city; population: 254,693 (as of 2011) |
|||
**[[Mangalia]] |
|||
**[[Medgidia]] |
|||
{{col-begin}} |
|||
{{col-3}} |
|||
*Towns |
|||
**[[Băneasa, Constanţa|Băneasa]] |
|||
**[[Cernavodă]] |
|||
**[[Eforie]] |
|||
{{col-3}} |
|||
**[[Hârşova]] |
|||
**[[Murfatlar]] |
|||
**[[Năvodari]] |
|||
{{col-3}} |
|||
**[[Negru Vodă, Constanţa|Negru Vodă]] |
|||
**[[Ovidiu]] |
|||
**[[Techirghiol]] |
|||
{{col-end}} |
|||
{{col-begin}} |
|||
{{col-6}} |
|||
*Communes |
|||
**[[23 August, Constanţa|23 August]] |
|||
**[[Adamclisi]] |
|||
**[[Agigea]] |
|||
**[[Albeşti, Constanţa|Albeşti]] |
|||
**[[Aliman]] |
|||
**[[Amzacea]] |
|||
**[[Bărăganu]] |
|||
**[[Castelu]] |
|||
**[[Cerchezu]] |
|||
**[[Chirnogeni]] |
|||
{{col-6}} |
|||
**[[Ciobanu]] |
|||
**[[Ciocârlia, Constanţa|Ciocârlia]] |
|||
**[[Cobadin]] |
|||
**[[Cogealac]] |
|||
**[[Comana, Constanţa|Comana]] |
|||
**[[Corbu, Constanţa|Corbu]] |
|||
**[[Costineşti]] |
|||
**[[Crucea, Constanţa|Crucea]] |
|||
**[[Cumpăna]] |
|||
**[[Cuza Vodă, Constanţa|Cuza Vodă]] |
|||
{{col-6}} |
|||
**[[Deleni, Constanţa|Deleni]] |
|||
**[[Dobromir]] |
|||
**[[Dumbrăveni, Constanţa|Dumbrăveni]] |
|||
**[[Fântânele, Constanţa|Fântânele]] |
|||
**[[Gârliciu]] |
|||
**[[Ghindăreşti]] |
|||
**[[Grădina]] |
|||
**[[Horia, Constanţa|Horia]] |
|||
**[[Independenţa, Constanţa|Independenţa]] |
|||
**[[Ion Corvin, Constanţa|Ion Corvin]] |
|||
{{col-6}} |
|||
**[[Istria, Constanţa|Istria]] |
|||
**[[Limanu]] |
|||
**[[Lipniţa]] |
|||
**[[Lumina, Constanţa|Lumina]] |
|||
**[[Mereni, Constanţa|Mereni]] |
|||
**[[Mihai Viteazu, Constanţa|Mihai Viteazu]] |
|||
**[[Mihail Kogălniceanu, Constanţa|Mihail Kogălniceanu]] |
|||
**[[Mircea Vodă, Constanţa|Mircea Vodă]] |
|||
**[[Nicolae Bălcescu, Constanţa|Nicolae Bălcescu]] |
|||
**[[Oltina]] |
|||
{{col-6}} |
|||
**[[Ostrov, Constanţa|Ostrov]] |
|||
**[[Pantelimon, Constanţa|Pantelimon]] |
|||
**[[Pecineaga]] |
|||
**[[Peştera]] |
|||
**[[Poarta Albă]] |
|||
**[[Rasova]] |
|||
**[[Saligny, Constanţa|Saligny]] |
|||
**[[Saraiu]] |
|||
**[[Săcele, Constanţa|Săcele]] |
|||
{{col-6}} |
|||
**[[Seimeni, Constanţa|Seimeni]] |
|||
**[[Siliştea, Constanţa|Siliştea]] |
|||
**[[Târguşor]] |
|||
**[[Topalu]] |
|||
**[[Topraisar]] |
|||
**[[Tortoman]] |
|||
**[[Tuzla, Constanţa|Tuzla]] |
|||
**[[Valu lui Traian]] |
|||
**[[Vulturu, Constanţa|Vulturu]] |
|||
{{col-end}} |
|||
==Historical county== |
|||
{{Infobox Settlement |
{{Infobox Settlement |
||
| official_name = Judeţul Constanța |
| official_name = Judeţul Constanța |
Semakan pada 15:23, 25 Januari 2013
Judeţul Constanța | |
---|---|
County (Judeţ) | |
Negara | Romania |
Wilayah bersejarah | Dobruja |
Ibu kota (Reşedinţă de judeţ) | Constanța |
Ditubuhkan | 1879 |
Dibubarkan | Administrative and Constitutional Reform in 1938 |
Keluasan | |
• Jumlah | 6,916 km2 (2,670 batu persegi) |
Penduduk (1930) | |
• Jumlah | 249,914 |
Zon waktu | UTC+2 (EET) |
• Musim panas (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
Wilayah Constanţa merupakan sebuah wilayah di Romania yang memiliki luas wilayah 7,071 km² dan populasi 715,151 orang (2002). Ibu kotanya ialah Constanta.
Pembahagian pentadbiran
Wilayah Constanţa mempunyai 3 kawasan perbandaran, 9 bandar dan 58 komun:
Rujukan
Pautan luar
- (Romania) memoria.ro, Interwar Constanța County
Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Wilayah Constanța |