Philip Pullman: Perbezaan antara semakan
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In 2005 Pullman was announced as joint winner of the [[Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award]] for children's literature. |
In 2005 Pullman was announced as joint winner of the [[Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award]] for children's literature. |
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== Sudut pandangan falsafah dan keagamaan == |
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== Philosophical and religious perspective == |
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Pullman is a Distinguished Supporter of the [[British Humanist Association]] and an Honorary Associate of the [[National Secular Society]]. |
Pullman is a Distinguished Supporter of the [[British Humanist Association]] and an Honorary Associate of the [[National Secular Society]]. |
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However, Pullman has found support from other Christians, most notably [[Rowan Williams]], the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]]. These groups and individuals point out that Pullman's attacks are focused on the constraints of [[dogma|dogmatism]] and the use of religion to oppress, not on Christianity itself. Dr. Williams has gone so far as to propose that ''[[His Dark Materials]]'' be taught as part of [[religious education]] in schools. Moreover, even authors of works dedicated to critical appraisals of religious themes in his writing have described Pullman as a friendly and generous debating partner<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml;$sessionid$SQEQJ5TJIJO1BQFIQMFSFFOAVCBQ0IV0?xml=/arts/2004/03/17/bodark17.xml&sSheet=/arts/2004/03/18/ixartright.html|title=The Dark Materials debate: life, God, the universe...|date=[[March 17]],[[2004]]|accessdate=2007-04-28|author=Robert Butler |publisher=[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/ The Telegraph]}}</ref>. |
However, Pullman has found support from other Christians, most notably [[Rowan Williams]], the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]]. These groups and individuals point out that Pullman's attacks are focused on the constraints of [[dogma|dogmatism]] and the use of religion to oppress, not on Christianity itself. Dr. Williams has gone so far as to propose that ''[[His Dark Materials]]'' be taught as part of [[religious education]] in schools. Moreover, even authors of works dedicated to critical appraisals of religious themes in his writing have described Pullman as a friendly and generous debating partner<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml;$sessionid$SQEQJ5TJIJO1BQFIQMFSFFOAVCBQ0IV0?xml=/arts/2004/03/17/bodark17.xml&sSheet=/arts/2004/03/18/ixartright.html|title=The Dark Materials debate: life, God, the universe...|date=[[March 17]],[[2004]]|accessdate=2007-04-28|author=Robert Butler |publisher=[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/ The Telegraph]}}</ref>. |
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==Screen adaptations== |
==Screen adaptations== |
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* A film adaptation of ''[[The Butterfly Tattoo]]'' [http://www.tbtproject.com] is set to film in 2007. It is a Philip Pullman supported project to allow young artists a chance to get film industry experience. |
* A film adaptation of ''[[The Butterfly Tattoo]]'' [http://www.tbtproject.com] is set to film in 2007. It is a Philip Pullman supported project to allow young artists a chance to get film industry experience. |
Semakan pada 11:20, 30 Mei 2007
Philip Pullman | |
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Lahir | Norwich, England | 19 Oktober 1946
Pekerjaan | Penulis novel |
Genre | Khayalan |
Laman web | |
Philip-Pullman.com |
Philip Pullman, CBE (lahir 19 Oktober 1946) ialah seorang penulis novel berkebangsaan Inggeris. Beliau ialah penulis laris untuk Bahan-Bahan Tersembunyinya (His Dark Materials), sebuah trilogi novel khayalan, serta sebilangan buku yang lain.
Biografi ringkas
Pullman dilahirkan di Norwich kepada Alfred Outram, juruterbang RAF, dan Audrey Evelyn Merrified. Keluarganya pindah-randah mengikut kerja ayahnya, termasuk ke Rhodesia Selatan (kini Zimbabwe), di mana beliau menghabiskan masanya di sekolah. Ayahnya terkorban dalam sebuah nahas kapal terbang pada tahun 1953 ketika Pullman berumur tujuh tahun. Ibunya berkahwin semula dan melalui perpindahan ke Australia datangnya penemuan Pullman terhadap buku-buku komik (termasuk Superman dan Batman), perantara yang didukungnya secara berterusan. Pada tahun 1957, beliau menyertai Sekolah Ysgol Ardudwy yang terletak di bandar Harlech, Gwynedd dan menghabiskan masanya di Norfolk bersama-sama datuknya, seorang paderi. Pada sekitar masa ini, Pullman menemukan Paradise Lost, sebuah novel oleh John Milton, yang kemudian menjadi pengaruh utama untuk triloginya, Bahan-bahan Tersembunyinya (His Dark Materials).
Pada tahun 1963, Pullman menyertai Kolej Exeter, Oxford dan menerima ijazah Sarjana Muda Sastera (BA) Kelas Ketiga pada tahun 1968. Dalam sebuah wawancara dengan majalah Pelajar Oxford, beliau mengatakan bahawa beliau "tidak gemar akan kursus bahasa Inggeris" dan menambah: "Saya berpendapat bahawa saya mencapai keputusan yang baik sehingga saya mendapat ijazah kelas ketiga dan kemudian menyedari bahawa prestasi saya tidak baik — tahun itu merupakan tahun yang kolej menghentikan pemberian ijazah kelas keempat, kalau tidak saya akan mendapatkannya juga". [1] Beliau menemukan ilustrasi-ilustrasi William Blake pada sekitar tahun 1970 yang kemduan juga amat mempengaruhinya.
Pullman berkahwin dengan Judith Speller pada tahun 1970 dan mula mengajar kanak-kanak dan menulis drama sekolah. Karya pertama yang diterbitkannya ialah Ribut Berhantu (The Haunted Storm) yang menjadi pemenang bersama "Anugerah Penulis Muda Perpustakaan Inggeris Baru" pada tahun 1972. Bagaimanapun, beliau enggan membincangkannya. Galatea, fiksyen khayalan dewasa, diterbitkan pada tahun 1978 tetapi drama-drama sekolah adalah yang mengilhami novel Count Karlstein, buku kanak-kanaknya yang pertama, yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1978. Pullman menghentikan kerja pengajarannya pada sekitar masa penerbitan Batu Delima di dalam Asap (The Ruby in the Smoke), buku kanak-kanaknya yang kedua yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1986. Latar buku ini yang berdasarkan Zaman Victoria membayangkan minat Pullman terhadap zaman itu.
Pullman menjadi pensyarah sambilan di Kolej Westminster, Oxford antara tahun-tahun 1988-1996, serta meneruskan penulisan cerita kanak-kanaknya. Beliau memulakan penulisan Bahan-bahan Tersembunyinya (His Dark Materials) pada sekitar tahun 1993. "Cahaya-cahaya Utara (diterbitkan sebagai Kompas Keemasan (The Golden Compass) di Amerika Syarikat) diterbitkan pada tahun 1996 dan memenanginya Pingat Carnegie, salah satu anugerah fiksyen kanak-kanak British yang paling berprestij, serta juga Anugerah Fiksyen Kanak-kanak Guardian.
Pullman menulis sepenuh masa sejak dari tahun 1996, tetapi masih meneruskan penyampaian syarahannya dan kekadang juga menulis untuk akhbar The Guardian. Beliau dianugerahkan Golongan Empayar British (CBE) dalam senarai Penerima Anugerah Tahun Baru pada tahun 2004. Pullman juga mula memberikan syarahan tentang bahasa Inggeris dalam sebuah seminar di alma maternya, Kolej Exeter, Oxford, pada tahun 2004. [2][3] Beliau kini mengerjakan Buku tentang Habuk (The Book of Dust), susulan kepada trilogi Bahan-bahan Tersembunyinya.
Sudut pandangan falsafah dan keagamaan
Pullman is a Distinguished Supporter of the British Humanist Association and an Honorary Associate of the National Secular Society.
The His Dark Materials books have been at the heart of controversy, especially with certain Christian groups. Some, including Peter Hitchens, claim that he actively pursues an anti-Christian agenda.[4] Proponents of this view cite the critical articles he has written regarding C. S. Lewis' series The Chronicles of Narnia (which Pullman denounces as religious propaganda), and the usually negative portrayal of the "Church" in His Dark Materials.
The two series have some resemblance. Both feature children facing adult moral choices, talking animals, religious allegories, parallel worlds, and concern the ultimate fate of those worlds. The first published Narnia book, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, begins with a young girl hiding in a wardrobe, as does the first His Dark Materials book, Northern Lights (published as The Golden Compass in the US). Pullman's criticism of the Narnia books is shared by some liberal commentators such as Polly Toynbee.[5]
Some, including Hitchens again, have seen the His Dark Materials series as a direct rebuttal of C. S. Lewis's series.[6] Pullman has also criticised the way Lewis excludes the character Susan from the final 'heaven' scenes in The Last Battle, saying she is rejected for her growing worldliness.[7] Lewis devotees argue that Pullman has read too deeply into this; Lewis made no statement about Susan's ultimate destiny, and never excluded the possibility of her rejoining her friends in heaven later, as they are dead and she is still alive.
However, Pullman has found support from other Christians, most notably Rowan Williams, the Archbishop of Canterbury. These groups and individuals point out that Pullman's attacks are focused on the constraints of dogmatism and the use of religion to oppress, not on Christianity itself. Dr. Williams has gone so far as to propose that His Dark Materials be taught as part of religious education in schools. Moreover, even authors of works dedicated to critical appraisals of religious themes in his writing have described Pullman as a friendly and generous debating partner[8].
Bibliografi
Buku-buku tidak bersiri
- 1972 The Haunted Storm
- 1976 Galatea
- 1982 Count Karlstein
- 1987 How to be Cool
- 1989 Spring-Heeled Jack
- 1990 The Broken Bridge
- 1992 The White Mercedes
- 1993 The Wonderful Story of Aladdin and the Enchanted Lamp
- 1995 Clockwork, atau All Wound Up
- 1995 The Firework-Maker's Daughter
- 1998 Mossycoat
- 1998 The Butterfly Tattoo (terbitan semula The White Mercedes)
- 1999 I was a Rat! atau The Scarlet Slippers
- 2000 Puss in Boots: The Adventures of That Most Enterprising Feline
- 2004 The Scarecrow and his Servant
Geng New-Cut
- 1994 Thunderbolt's Waxwork
- 1995 The Gasfitter's Ball
Sally Lockhart
- 1985 The Ruby in the Smoke
- 1986 The Shadow in the North (pada mulanya diterbitkan sebagai The Shadow in the Plate)
- 1990 The Tiger in the Well
- 1994 The Tin Princess
Bahan-bahan Tersembunyinya
- 1995 Northern Lights, dijudul semula sebagai The Golden Compass di Amerika Syarikat
- 1997 The Subtle Knife
- 2000 The Amber Spyglass
Buku Panduan
- 2003 Oxford Lyra
- 20?? Buku tentang Habuk (belum diterbitkan)
Drama
Buku Bukan Fiksyen
Sumber: Laman web FantasticFiction
Rujukan
- ^ http://www.oxfordstudent.com/tt2006wk7/Features/growing_pains
- ^ Laman web UCE
- ^ Lama web Exeter
- ^ Hitchens, Peter. "'This is the most dangerous author in Britain'" (Mail on Sunday article). The Mail on Sunday. Dicapai pada 2006-09-21.
- ^ Toynbee, Polly. "'Narnia represents everything that is most hateful about religion'" (Guardian article). The Guardian. Dicapai pada 2006-09-21. External link in
|publisher=
(bantuan) - ^ Hitchens, Peter. "A labour of loathing" (Spectator article). The Spectator. Dicapai pada 2006-09-21. External link in
|publisher=
(bantuan) - ^ Pullman, Phillip (October 1,1998). "The Darkside of Narnia". The Guardian, archived on The Cumberland River Lamp Post. Dicapai pada 2007-01-30. Check date values in:
|date=
(bantuan); External link in|publisher=
(bantuan) - ^ Robert Butler (March 17,2004). "The Dark Materials debate: life, God, the universe..." The Telegraph. Dicapai pada 2007-04-28. Check date values in:
|date=
(bantuan); External link in|publisher=
(bantuan)
Bacaan tambahan
- Lenz, Millicent (2005). His Dark Materials Illuminated: Critical Essays on Phillip Pullman's Trilogy. Percetakan Universiti Negeri Wayne. ISBN 0-8143-3207-2.
Pautan luar
- Laman web rasmi Philip Pullman
- Laman web RobotWisdom: Sumber Philip Pullman
- Philip Pullman di Pangkalan Data Cereka Spekulatif Internet
- Laman web The Guardian: Pullman mengkritik fiksyen moden: Fiksyen menjadi perkara remeh-temeh dan tidak bernilai – 12 Ogos 2002
- Laman web The Guardian: Krisis Identiti: Pullman mengkritik cadangan undang-undang "kebencian keagamaan" – 19 November 2005
- Laman web Crlampost: Sebelah Narnia Tersembunyi – esei Pullman
- Laman web Stagework: Pullman mengenai agama (video)
- Esei sebagai balasan kepada Pullman: Kerana Sayang akan Narnia
- Laman web HisDarkMaterials – laman web peminat
- Laman web BridgeToTheStars – laman web peminat His Dark Materials
- Laman web Wunderkind – fiksyen dan rencana peminat
- Laman web Teachers – rancangan bebas dalam talian tentang His Dark Materials