American Motors Corporation: Perbezaan antara semakan
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{{Infobox company |
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| ⚫ | '''American Motors Corporation''' ( |
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|name = American Motors Corporation |
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[[Kategori:Halaman dengan petikan yang mempunyai parameter berlebihan]] |
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|logo = American-motors.svg |
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.</ref> |
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|logo_size = |
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|logo_caption = Logo dari 1970 hingga 1987 |
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|fate = Ditamatkan <br>(dinamakan sebagai [[Jeep-Eagle|Jeep Eagle Corporation]] 1988, bergabung dengan Chrysler 1990)<ref name="cofs.lara.state.mi.us">American Motors Corporation (incorporated in Maryland as NASH-KELVINATOR CORPORATION January 4, 1937, renamed American Motors April 30, 1954 and JEEP EAGLE CORPORATION August 25, 1988) was formally merged as of March 29, 1990, with its final annual report filed in 1989 {{cite web|url=https://cofs.lara.state.mi.us/CorpWeb/CorpSearch/CorpSummary.aspx?ID=801007930&SEARCH_TYPE=1|title=Michigan Department of Licensing & Regulatory Affairs (LARA) - Corporate Entity Details - American Motors Corporation}}</ref> |
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|successor = [[Chrysler]]<br>[[AM General]]<br>[[Fiat Chrysler Automobiles|FCA]] (sejak 2014) |
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|foundation = {{start date and age|1954|5|1}}<ref>The day Hudson and Nash boards of directors agreed to the merger.{{cite book|last=Georgano|first=Nick | authorlink=G.N. Georgano |title=The American automobile: a centenary|year=1996|publisher=Smithmark|isbn=978-0-7651-9631-6|page=180}}</ref> |
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|defunct = {{end date|1988}} |
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|location = [[Southfield, Michigan]], A.S. |
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|industry = [[Industri automotif|Automotif]] |
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|key_people = {{unbulleted list | George W. Mason | George W. Romney | Roy Abernethy | Roy D. Chapin Jr. | Richard A. Teague }} |
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|products = {{unbulleted list | Automobil | Kenderaan tentera | Bas dan kenderaan penghantaran | Kenderaan utiliti sukan | Kelengkapan rumah | Peti sejuk komersial| dsb. }} |
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|num_employees = |
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|parent = |
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|subsid = |
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*[[Jeep]] |
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*[[Kelvinator]]<br />1954 – dijual pada 1968 |
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*[[AM General]]<br />1971 – dijual pada 1985 |
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*[[Wheel Horse]]<br />1974 – dijual pada 1986 |
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*[[Beijing Jeep]]<br />1983–1987 |
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}} |
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| ⚫ | '''American Motors Corporation''' ('''AMC''') ialah sebuah syarikat kereta Amerika yang dibentuk oleh penggabungan Nash-Kelvinator Corporation 1954 dan Hudson Motor Car Company. Pada masa itu, ia merupakan penggabungan korporat terbesar dalam sejarah AS.<ref>{{Citation|last=Flory|first=J. Kelly|title=American Cars, 1946–1959: Every Model, Year by Year|year=2008|page=545|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-5230-9|ISBN=978-0-7864-5230-9}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Syarikat itu dikenali sebagai "sebuah syarikat kecil yang mencukupi untuk mengeksploitasi segmen-segmen pasaran khas yang ditinggalkan oleh para gergasi", |
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| ⚫ | Syarikat itu dikenali sebagai "sebuah syarikat kecil yang mencukupi untuk mengeksploitasi segmen-segmen pasaran khas yang ditinggalkan oleh para gergasi",<ref>{{Cite journal|year=1979|title=Turnaround at American Motors|journal=Fortune|volume=100|pages=66–80}}</ref> dan terkenal dengan karya reka bentuk ketua stylist, Dick Teague, yang "anggaran yang lebih ketat daripada rakan-rakannya di Detroit's Big Three"<ref name="nytteague">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/04/automobiles/marlins-and-hornets-and-gremlins-oh-my-the-quirky-classics-of.html|title=Marlins and Hornets and Gremlins, Oh My: The Quirky Classics of A.M.C.|last=John Matras|date=April 4, 2005|website=The New York Times}}</ref> tetapi "mempunyai bakat untuk membuat sebahagian besar pelaburan majikannya". |
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| ⚫ | Selepas tempoh kejayaan seketika tetapi tidak dapat |
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| ⚫ | Selepas tempoh kejayaan seketika tetapi tidak dapat dipastikan, [[Renault]] memperoleh kepentingan utama dalam AMC pada tahun 1979—dan syarikat itu akhirnya diperoleh oleh [[Chrysler]] . Pada kematiannya pada tahun 1987, ''[[The New York Times]]'' berkata AMC "tidak pernah menjadi syarikat dengan kuasa atau struktur kos untuk bersaing dengan yakin di rumah atau di luar negara."<ref name="nyt045">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/10/business/amc-s-long-hard-struggle.html|title=A.M.C.'S LONG, HARD STRUGGLE|last=Barnaby J. Feder|date=March 10, 1987|website=The New York Times}}</ref> |
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== Nota == |
== Nota == |
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{{reflist|colwidth=30em}} |
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== Bacaan lanjut == |
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*{{cite book|last=Conde|first=John A.|title=The American Motors Family Album|publisher=American Motors Corporation|year=1987|oclc=3185581}} |
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*{{cite book|editor-last=Derdak|editor-first=Thomas|title=International Directory of Company History, Volume 1|publisher=St. James Press|year=1988|isbn=978-0-912289-10-6}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Foster|first=Patrick|title=AMC Cars: 1954–1987, An Illustrated History|publisher=Motorbooks International|year=2004|isbn=978-1-58388-112-5}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Foster|first=Patrick|title=The Last Independent|publisher=Motorbooks International|year=1993|isbn=978-0-87341-240-7}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Foster|first=Patrick|title=The Metropolitan Story|publisher=Krause Publications|year=1996|isbn=978-0-87341-459-3}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Foster|first=Patrick|title=The Nash Styling Sketchbook|publisher=Olde Milford Press|year=1998|isbn=978-0-9662019-0-1}} |
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*{{cite book|editor-last=Gunnell|editor-first=John|title=The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1946–1975|publisher=Krause Publications|year=1987|isbn=978-0-87341-096-0}} |
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*{{cite book|editor-last=Gunnell|editor-first=John|title=The Standard Catalog of American Motors 1902–1987|publisher=Krause Publications|year=1993|isbn=978-0-87341-232-2}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Lutz|first=Robert A.|title=Guts: The Seven Laws of Business That Made Chrysler the World's Hottest Car Company|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=1999|isbn=978-0-471-35765-0}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Mann|first=Jim|title=Beijing Jeep: A Case Study of Western Business in China|publisher=Perseus Publishing|year=1997|isbn=978-0-8133-3327-4}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Mays|first=James C.|title=Rambler Canada: The Little Company That Could|publisher=Syam Publications|year=2001|isbn=978-0-9685864-7-1}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Mitchell|first=Larry|title=AMC Buyers Guide|publisher=Motorbooks International|year=1994|isbn=978-0-87938-891-1}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Swygert|first=Francis G.|title=The Compact Chronicles – A Complete History of American Motors Corporation 1954–1987 (With Restoration Information)|publisher=FARNA Systems Publishing|year=1992}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Swygert|first=Francis G.|title=American Motors Cars Magazine (formerly published as "American Independent Magazine")|publisher=FARNA Systems Publishing|url=http://www.amc-mag.com/}} |
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*{{cite book|author =Zinn|first=Chris L.|title=AMX Photo Archive: From Concept to Reality|publisher=Iconographix|year=2002|isbn=978-1-58388-062-3}} |
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== Pautan luar == |
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{{Commons category|AMC vehicles}} |
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* {{dmoz|Recreation/Autos/Makes_and_Models/AMC/|AMC cars}} {{dmoz|Recreation/Autos/Makes_and_Models/AMC/|AMC cars}} {{dmoz|Recreation/Autos/Makes_and_Models/AMC/|AMC cars}} {{dmoz|Recreation/Autos/Makes_and_Models/AMC/|AMC cars}} |
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*{{dmoz|Recreation/Autos/Makes_and_Models/AMC/|AMC cars}} |
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Semakan pada 12:02, 7 Februari 2019
 Logo dari 1970 hingga 1987 | |
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| Jenis/bentuk sah | Automobile manufacturer  |
|---|---|
| Industri | Automotif |
| Ditubuhkan | 1 Mei 1954[1] |
| Pengasas | George W. Mason |
| Dibubarkan | 1988 |
| Nasib | Ditamatkan (dinamakan sebagai Jeep Eagle Corporation 1988, bergabung dengan Chrysler 1990)[2] |
| Pengganti | Chrysler AM General FCA (sejak 2014) |
| Ibu pejabat | Southfield, Michigan, A.S. |
| Tokoh penting |
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| Keluaran |
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| Anak syarikat |
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sunting · sunting di Wikidata | |
American Motors Corporation (AMC) ialah sebuah syarikat kereta Amerika yang dibentuk oleh penggabungan Nash-Kelvinator Corporation 1954 dan Hudson Motor Car Company. Pada masa itu, ia merupakan penggabungan korporat terbesar dalam sejarah AS.[3]
AMC terus bersaing dengan Tiga Besar AS—Ford, General Motors dan Chrysler—dengan kereta kecilnya termasuk Rambler American, Hornet, Gremlin dan Pacer; kereta otot termasuk Marlin, AMX dan Javelin; dan varian pacuan empat roda awal Eagle, crossover sejati AS pertama.
Syarikat itu dikenali sebagai "sebuah syarikat kecil yang mencukupi untuk mengeksploitasi segmen-segmen pasaran khas yang ditinggalkan oleh para gergasi",[4] dan terkenal dengan karya reka bentuk ketua stylist, Dick Teague, yang "anggaran yang lebih ketat daripada rakan-rakannya di Detroit's Big Three"[5] tetapi "mempunyai bakat untuk membuat sebahagian besar pelaburan majikannya".
Selepas tempoh kejayaan seketika tetapi tidak dapat dipastikan, Renault memperoleh kepentingan utama dalam AMC pada tahun 1979—dan syarikat itu akhirnya diperoleh oleh Chrysler . Pada kematiannya pada tahun 1987, The New York Times berkata AMC "tidak pernah menjadi syarikat dengan kuasa atau struktur kos untuk bersaing dengan yakin di rumah atau di luar negara."[6]
Nota
- ^ The day Hudson and Nash boards of directors agreed to the merger.Georgano, Nick (1996). The American automobile: a centenary. Smithmark. m/s. 180. ISBN 978-0-7651-9631-6.
- ^ American Motors Corporation (incorporated in Maryland as NASH-KELVINATOR CORPORATION January 4, 1937, renamed American Motors April 30, 1954 and JEEP EAGLE CORPORATION August 25, 1988) was formally merged as of March 29, 1990, with its final annual report filed in 1989 "Michigan Department of Licensing & Regulatory Affairs (LARA) - Corporate Entity Details - American Motors Corporation".
- ^ Flory, J. Kelly (2008), American Cars, 1946–1959: Every Model, Year by Year, McFarland, m/s. 545, ISBN 978-0-7864-5230-9 More than one of
|ISBN=dan|isbn=specified (bantuan) - ^ "Turnaround at American Motors". Fortune. 100: 66–80. 1979.
- ^ John Matras (April 4, 2005). "Marlins and Hornets and Gremlins, Oh My: The Quirky Classics of A.M.C." The New York Times.
- ^ Barnaby J. Feder (March 10, 1987). "A.M.C.'S LONG, HARD STRUGGLE". The New York Times.
Bacaan lanjut
- Conde, John A. (1987). The American Motors Family Album. American Motors Corporation. OCLC 3185581.
- Derdak, Thomas, penyunting (1988). International Directory of Company History, Volume 1. St. James Press. ISBN 978-0-912289-10-6.
- Foster, Patrick (2004). AMC Cars: 1954–1987, An Illustrated History. Motorbooks International. ISBN 978-1-58388-112-5.
- Foster, Patrick (1993). The Last Independent. Motorbooks International. ISBN 978-0-87341-240-7.
- Foster, Patrick (1996). The Metropolitan Story. Krause Publications. ISBN 978-0-87341-459-3.
- Foster, Patrick (1998). The Nash Styling Sketchbook. Olde Milford Press. ISBN 978-0-9662019-0-1.
- Gunnell, John, penyunting (1987). The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1946–1975. Krause Publications. ISBN 978-0-87341-096-0.
- Gunnell, John, penyunting (1993). The Standard Catalog of American Motors 1902–1987. Krause Publications. ISBN 978-0-87341-232-2.
- Lutz, Robert A. (1999). Guts: The Seven Laws of Business That Made Chrysler the World's Hottest Car Company. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-35765-0.
- Mann, Jim (1997). Beijing Jeep: A Case Study of Western Business in China. Perseus Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8133-3327-4.
- Mays, James C. (2001). Rambler Canada: The Little Company That Could. Syam Publications. ISBN 978-0-9685864-7-1.
- Mitchell, Larry (1994). AMC Buyers Guide. Motorbooks International. ISBN 978-0-87938-891-1.
- Swygert, Francis G. (1992). The Compact Chronicles – A Complete History of American Motors Corporation 1954–1987 (With Restoration Information). FARNA Systems Publishing.
- Swygert, Francis G. American Motors Cars Magazine (formerly published as "American Independent Magazine"). FARNA Systems Publishing.
- Zinn, Chris L. (2002). AMX Photo Archive: From Concept to Reality. Iconographix. ISBN 978-1-58388-062-3.
Pautan luar
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