Bahasa Inggeris Malaysia

Bahasa Inggeris Malaysia (Bahasa Inggeris: Malaysian English, MyE) atau Bahasa Inggeris Piawai Malaysia (Bahasa Inggeris: Malaysian Standard English, MySE) merupakan satu bentuk Bahasa Inggeris yang dituturkan di Malaysia sebagai bahasa kedua. Bahasa Inggeris Malaysia tidak harus dikelirukan dengan Manglish.

Ciri-ciri

• Bahasa Inggeris Malaysia berasal daripada Bahasa Inggeris British.
• Tidak seperti Bahasa Inggeris British utara dan kebanyakan jenis Bahasa Inggeris Amerika, Bahasa Inggeris Malaysia mempunyai bunyi A lebar, oleh itu perkataan seperti "bath" (mandi) and "chance" (peluang) terdapatnya /ɑː/ dan bukan /æ/.
• The /t/ phoneme in words like butter is usually not flapped (as in most forms of American English) or realised as a glottal stop (as in some other forms of British English, including Cockney).
• There is no h-dropping in words like head.
• Malaysian English does not have yod dropping after /n/, /t/ and /d/. Hence, for example, new, tune and dune are pronounced /njuː/, /tjuːn/ and /djuːn/ rather than /nuː/, /tuːn/ and /duːn/. This contrasts with many East Anglian and East Midland varieties of British English and with most forms of American English.

Bahasa Inggeris Malaysia dan Bahasa Inggeris British

Selepas kemerdekaan Malaysia pada 1957, rancangan TV Amerika mempengaruhi penggunaan Bahasa Inggeris Malaysia. Tidak ada pertubuhan pengawalan bahasa yang rasmi untuk memastikan kebetulan dan kepiawaian penggunaan Bahasa Inggeris Malaysia, kerana selepas kemerdekaan, Bahasa Melayu menggantikan Bahasa Inggeris sebagai bahasa rasmi. Sindiket Peperiksaan Tempatan Universiti Cambridge berterus menyediakan dan menyemak kertas peperiksaan Bahasa Inggeris "1119" GCE Peringkat-O yang merupakan satu mata pelajaran wajib bagi Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia

Secara tidak rasmi, Bahasa Inggeris yang digunakan dalam New Straits Times, surat khabar Bahasa Inggeris yang tertua di Malaysia, sering digunakan sebagai titik rujukan bagi Bahasa Inggeris Malaysia.

Perkataan dan frasa hanya dalam Bahasa Inggeris Malaysia

Bahasa Melayu	Malaysia	British / Amerika
Telefon bimbit	Handphone (selalu disingkatkan sebagai HP)	Mobile phone / Cell phone
Orang Cina Malaysia / Orang India Malaysia	Malaysian Chinese / Malaysian Indian	Chinese Malaysian / Indian Malaysian
	KIV (keep in view)	Kept on file, held for further consideration
Kasut selipar	Slippers	Flip-flop
Di luar bandar	Outstation	Means both 'out of town' and/or 'overseas/abroad'.
Cuti kesakitan	MC (medical certificate).	Sick note
Salinan fotostat	Photostat	Photocopy, Xerox
Mi	Mee	Noodles
Hawa dingin	Aircond	Air-conditioner
	Remisier	Broker

Maksud yang berbeza

Ini ialah senarai perkataan dan frasa yang mempunyai satu maksud dalam bahasa Inggeris British dan mempunyai maksud lain dalam Bahasa Inggeris Malaysia

Word / Phrase	Malaysian meaning	American / British meaning
last time	previously	on the previous occurrence
a parking lot	a parking space, e.g. "That new shopping mall has five hundred parking lots."	a parking garage (from US English)
an alphabet	a letter of the alphabet, e.g. "The word 'table' has five alphabets."	a set of letters used in a language
bungalow	A mansion for the rich and/or famous; or a fully detached house, regardless of the number of floors it has. Lately, some housing developers have taken the abuse of this word further and we now see terms like "a semi-detached bungalow".	A small house or cottage usually having a single storey and sometimes an additional attic storey that is free standing, i.e. not conjoined with another unit.
to follow	to accompany, e.g. "Can I follow you?" meaning "Can I come with you?"	to go after or behind, e.g. "The police car was following me"
to keep	to put away or store, e.g. a parent tells a child "Keep your toys!"	to retain as one's own, e.g. "I must decide which to throw away and which to keep."
to revert	to get back to someone, e.g. in an email: "I will investigate this and revert to you by tomorrow."	to return to a previous edit or state
to send	to take someone somewhere, e.g. "Can you send me to the airport?"	to cause something to go somewhere without accompanying it, e.g. "I sent this letter to my grandma."

Most Malaysians are adept at switching from Manglish and Malaysian English, but are sometimes unclear as to the differences between Malaysian English and SABE (Standard American-British English). Awareness of these differences would prevent misunderstandings when dealing with people from different English-speaking backgrounds. This evolution in the use of English follows a worldwide trend and is unlikely to disappear.

Kosa kata

Rencana utama: Malaysian English vocabulary

Banyak perkataan bahasa Melayu, perkataan orang Malaysia atau frasa yang melambangkan kebudayaan rakyat Malaysia telah menjadi sebahagian daripada Bahasa Inggeris Malaysia. Diantaranya ialah :

• Cik: Ms
• Encik: Mr
• kampung (archaic spelling: campong): a village
• lepak: loiter
• Mat Salleh : a white person typically a man
• Puan: Madam

terdapat juga perkatan yang dituturkan oleh orang Malaysia digunakan dalan Bahasa Inggeris Malaysia yang tidak digunakan dalam Bahasa Inggeris piawai.

Antara perkataan yang digunakan seperti Australia, New Zealand atau negara-negara lain:

• chips — "hot chips" US "french fries" and UK "chips".
• having-in/having here — eat-in at a restaurant
• takeaway — take-out food.

Perkataan Bahasa Inggeris Malaysia:

• apartment — a medium-cost and high-cost flat
• bungalow — a villa or any semi-detached house regardless of the size or number of storeys
• blur — confused (used by Manglish speakers and considered as bad English)
• chop — to stamp (with a rubber stamp), as well as the stamp itself.
• condominium — a high-cost flat usually with common facilities.
• flat — a low-cost flat.
• la(h)! — the prominent trademark in Manglish, the colloquial Malaysian English, it is used for emphasis at the end of a sentence, la(h)! (see note above on Malaysian influence. It originates from Chinese influence although the 'lah' is of the Malay language). Eg: “Are you coming over to the party tonight?’ — “Yes, of course lah.”
• pass up — to hand in "Pass up your assignments".
• rubber — meaning eraser as in "Can I borrow your rubber?" (This is also a sense given to the word in British English.)
• rubber — to molest (from the Malay word "raba" meaning to molest)
• send — to take somebody to somewhere - "I'll send you to the airport."
• slippers — Japanese sandals; as in US and UK "flip-flops", Australia "thongs"
• spoil — to be damaged "This one, spoil, lah."
• uni — in Malaysia it refers to the university (as in British English), while ‘U’ is common in spoken Malaysian English.

Sintaksis

Sintaksis mempunyai perbezaan sedikit walaupun perkataan dalam bahasa basahan sepeti shall dan ought, mustialah pinggiran kewajipan dan may adalah ganjil.Kebanyakkan ciri-ciri sintaksis Bahasa Inggeris Malaysia diklasifikasikan sebagai satu bentuk baharu dalam bahasa inggeris Misalnya, bahasa Inggeris Scotland , bahasa Inggeris Britain dan bahasa Inggeris Amerika Utara:

• Can I come too? for "May I come too?"
• Have you got any? for "Do you have any?"
• I've got one of those already. for "I have one of those already."
• It's your shot. for "It's your turn."

Fonologi dan Penyebutan

Secara rasminya, Bahasa Inggeris Malaysia mengunakan sistem penyebutan yang sama dengan Bahasa Inggeris Britain. Akan tetapi, kebanyakkan rakyat Malaysia bertutur menggunakan penyebutan yang tersendiri (Slanga). Slanga ini sebelum ini berkembang menjadi slanga rakyat Amerika, melalaui aliran masuk kebanyakkan program TV daripada Amerika dan banyak rakyat Malaysia yang melanjutkan pelajaran di Amerika Syarikat. Contohnya, bertambahnya penegasan kepada huruf "r" dalam perkataan seperti referring dan world apabila bertutur dalam bahasa Inggeris amnya.

Lihat juga

• Perbezaan antara Bahasa Inggeris British dan Bahasa Inggeris Malaysia
• Kosa kata Bahasa Inggeris Malaysia
• Manglish

Pautan luar

• Manglish: For and Against, Should Malaysians speak Manglish or proper English?

Rujukan

• The Encyclopedia of Malaysia: Languages & Literature, edited by Prof. Dato' Dr Asmah Haji Omar (2004) ISBN 981-3018-52-6