Gelen: Perbezaan antara semakan

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== Penggunaan di seluruh dunia ==
== Penggunaan di seluruh dunia ==
[[Fail:World_map_of_gasoline_units_.jpg|thumb|347x347px|Unit sukatan biasa petrol di setiap negara.{{legend|#ff0000|Liter}} {{legend|#00ff00|Gelen Amerika}}{{legend|#0000ff|Gelen imperial}}{{legend|#e0e0e0|Tiada data yang diberikan}}|347x347px]]
[[File:Gasoline unit.svg| thumb| 347x347px| Unit sukatan biasa petrol di setiap negara.{{legend|#ff0000|Liter}} {{legend|#00ff00|Gelen Amerika}}{{legend|#0000ff|Gelen imperial}}{{legend|#e0e0e0|Tiada data yang diberikan}}|347x347px]]
Gelen imperial masih terus digunakan sebagai unit ukuran di [[Anguilla]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cdkn.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Anguilla-RE-Integration-Final-Report-121019.pdf|title=Anguilla Renewable Energy Integration Project Final Report|date=19 Oktober 2012|website=Anguilla RE Integration Final Report|publisher=Government of Anguilla Ministry of Infrastructure, Communications, Utilities, and Housing (MICUH)|page=104|access-date=13 Oktober 2013|quote=In 2008—the most recent year where WTI crude oil averaged US$100 per barrel—ANGLEC paid an average of about US$4 per imperial gallon (IG) for diesel.}}</ref> [[Antigua dan Barbuda]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://assets.antiguaobserver.com/2011/12/BUDGET-STATEMENT-2012.pdf|title=Budget Statement for 2012|date=5 Disember 2011|website=Antigua Observer|format=PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002102212/http://assets.antiguaobserver.com/2011/12/BUDGET-STATEMENT-2012.pdf|archive-date=2 Oktober 2013|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Bahamas]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thenassauguardian.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=12233&Itemid=87|title=The Nassau Guardian}}</ref> [[Kepulauan Virgin British]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bvibeacon.com/2/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2487:biwater-project-draws-scrutiny&catid=491:commentary-sept-6-2012|title=Biwater project draws scrutiny|last=Webmaster}}</ref> [[Kepulauan Cayman]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.compasscayman.com/caycompass/2013/05/09/Fuel-costs-driven-by-factors/|title=Fuel costs driven by factors}}</ref> [[Dominika]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dominicanewsonline.com/news/homepage/features/photo-of-the-day/photo-of-the-day-up-and-up-it-goes/|title=PHOTO OF THE DAY: Up and up it goes|website=Dominica News Online}}</ref> [[Grenada]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p1g4z5GpiBoC&pg=PA17&lpg=PA17|title=Grenada: Third Review under the Three-Year Arrangement|page=17|access-date=13 Oktober 2013}}</ref> [[Montserrat]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.themontserratreporter.com/gasoline-price-increases-diesel-decreases-cost-of-living-goes-up/|title=Gasoline price increases, diesel decreases, cost of living goes up - The Montserrat Reporter}}</ref> [[Myanmar]] (Burma, sebelum beralih ke liter jualan antara sebelum tahun 2014),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oilseedcrops.org/2014/04/05/petrol-prices-march-2014-in-yangon-myanmar/|title=Petrol Prices March 2014 in Yangon, Myanmar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mmtimes.com/news/fuel-prices-rise.html|title=Fuel prices on the rise - 2017}}</ref> [[Santo Kitts dan Nevis|St Kitts dan Nevis]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thestkittsnevisobserver.com/2008/09/05/news21.html|title=GAS PRICES CAPPED UNDER $18 – LOWEST SINCE JULY|publisher=The St. Kitts-Nevis Observer|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524184004/http://thestkittsnevisobserver.com/2008/09/05/news21.html|archive-date=24 Mei 2012|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Saint Lucia|St Lucia]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thevoiceslu.com/local_news/2013/july/09_07_13/Rotary.htm|title=Rotary has a new President - St. Lucia Voice News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222145630/http://www.thevoiceslu.com/local_news/2013/july/09_07_13/Rotary.htm|archive-date=22 Disember 2015|dead-url=yes}}</ref> dan [[Saint Vincent dan Grenadines|St Vincent dan Kepulauan Grenadine]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iwnsvg.com/2012/04/26/another-service-station-sues-sol-over-fuel-volume-discrepancy/|title=Another service station sues SOL over fuel volume discrepancy|website=iWitness News}}</ref>
Gelen imperial masih terus digunakan sebagai unit ukuran di [[Angu inilla]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cdkn.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Anguilla-RE-Integration-Final-Report-121019.pdf|title=Anguilla Renewable Energy Integration Project Final Report|date=19 Oktober 2012|website=Anguilla RE Integration Final Report|publisher=Government of Anguilla Ministry of Infrastructure, Communications, Utilities, and Housing (MICUH)|page=104|access-date=13 Oktober 2013|quote=In 2008—the most recent year where WTI crude oil averaged US$100 per barrel—ANGLEC paid an average of about US$4 per imperial gallon (IG) for diesel.}}</ref> [[Antigua dan Barbuda]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://assets.antiguaobserver.com/2011/12/BUDGET-STATEMENT-2012.pdf|title=Budget Statement for 2012|date=5 Disember 2011|website=Antigua Observer|format=PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002102212/http://assets.antiguaobserver.com/2011/12/BUDGET-STATEMENT-2012.pdf|archive-date=2 Oktober 2013|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Bahamas]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thenassauguardian.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=12233&Itemid=87|title=The Nassau Guardian}}</ref> [[Kepulauan Virgin British]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bvibeacon.com/2/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2487:biwater-project-draws-scrutiny&catid=491:commentary-sept-6-2012|title=Biwater project draws scrutiny|last=Webmaster}}</ref> [[Kepulauan Cayman]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.compasscayman.com/caycompass/2013/05/09/Fuel-costs-driven-by-factors/|title=Fuel costs driven by factors}}</ref> [[Dominika]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dominicanewsonline.com/news/homepage/features/photo-of-the-day/photo-of-the-day-up-and-up-it-goes/|title=PHOTO OF THE DAY: Up and up it goes|website=Dominica News Online}}</ref> [[Grenada]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p1g4z5GpiBoC&pg=PA17&lpg=PA17|title=Grenada: Third Review under the Three-Year Arrangement|page=17|access-date=13 Oktober 2013}}</ref> [[Montserrat]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.themontserratreporter.com/gasoline-price-increases-diesel-decreases-cost-of-living-goes-up/|title=Gasoline price increases, diesel decreases, cost of living goes up - The Montserrat Reporter}}</ref> [[Myanmar]] (Burma, sebelum beralih ke liter jualan antara sebelum tahun 2014),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oilseedcrops.org/2014/04/05/petrol-prices-march-2014-in-yangon-myanmar/|title=Petrol Prices March 2014 in Yangon, Myanmar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mmtimes.com/news/fuel-prices-rise.html|title=Fuel prices on the rise - 2017}}</ref> [[Santo Kitts dan Nevis|St Kitts dan Nevis]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thestkittsnevisobserver.com/2008/09/05/news21.html|title=GAS PRICES CAPPED UNDER $18 – LOWEST SINCE JULY|publisher=The St. Kitts-Nevis Observer|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524184004/http://thestkittsnevisobserver.com/2008/09/05/news21.html|archive-date=24 Mei 2012|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Saint Lucia|St Lucia]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thevoiceslu.com/local_news/2013/july/09_07_13/Rotary.htm|title=Rotary has a new President - St. Lucia Voice News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222145630/http://www.thevoiceslu.com/local_news/2013/july/09_07_13/Rotary.htm|archive-date=22 Disember 2015|dead-url=yes}}</ref> dan [[Saint Vincent dan Grenadines|St Vincent dan Kepulauan Grenadine]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iwnsvg.com/2012/04/26/another-service-station-sues-sol-over-fuel-volume-discrepancy/|title=Another service station sues SOL over fuel volume discrepancy|website=iWitness News}}</ref>


Gelen Amerika juga digunakan - selain daripada [[Amerika Syarikat|negara yang menamakannya]] - di [[Liberia]], [[Belize]], [[Colombia]], [[Republik Dominika]], [[Ecuador]], [[El Salvador]], [[Guatemala]], [[Haiti]], [[Honduras]], [[Nicaragua]], dan [[Peru]], tetapi hanya untuk penjualan petrol sahaja. Semua produk yang lain dijual di liter dan gandaannya dan submultiples.<ref name="GIZ">{{Cite web|url=http://www.giz.de/Themen/en/dokumente/giz-en-IFP2010.pdf|title=International Fuel Prices 2010/11 - 7th Edition|publisher=GTZ Transport Policy Advisory Services on behalf of the [German] Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development|page=100|access-date=16 January 2012}}</ref>
Gelen Amerika juga digunakan - selain daripada [[Amerika Syarikat|negara yang menamakannya]] - di [[Liberia]], [[Belize]], [[Colombia]], [[Republik Dominika]], [[Ecuador]], [[El Salvador]], [[Guatemala]], [[Haiti]], [[Honduras]], [[Nicaragua]], dan [[Peru]], tetapi hanya untuk penjualan petrol sahaja. Semua produk yang lain dijual di liter dan gandaannya dan submultiples.<ref name="GIZ">{{Cite web|url=http://www.giz.de/Themen/en/dokumente/giz-en-IFP2010.pdf|title=International Fuel Prices 2010/11 - 7th Edition|publisher=GTZ Transport Policy Advisory Services on behalf of the [German] Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development|page=100|access-date=16 January 2012}}</ref>

Semakan pada 01:12, 2 Julai 2019

Gelen
Unit bagiIsipadu
Simbolgal 
Penukaran unit (imperial)
1 imp gal dalam ...... adalah sama dengan ...
   unit SI   4.546090 L
   unit lazim AS
   1.200950 gal AS
   unit lazim AS
   277.4194 in3
Penukaran unit ()
1 gal AS dalam ...... adalah sama dengan ...
   unit SI
   3.785412 L
   unit imperial
   0.8326742 gal imp
   unit imperial
   231.0000 in3

Gelen (bahasa Inggeris: dry gallon, Belanda: Gallon) adalah unit ukuran untuk kapasiti cecair dalam kedua-dua sistem ukuran lazim Amerika Syarikat dan imperial British. Terdapat tiga saiz yang jauh berbeza dalam penggunaan: gelen imperial - digunakan di United Kingdom, Kanada, dan beberapa negara Caribbean - di mana satu ditakrifkan sebagai 4.54609 liter; gelen Amerika Syarikat yang ditakrifkan sebagai 231 inci padu (8 pain cecair A.S) atau sekitar 3.785 L seunit, yang digunakan dalam A.S dan beberapa negara Amerika Latin dan Caribbean; dan "gelen kering bahasa Inggeris: dry gallon ditakrifkan sebagai 1//8 busyel ("gantang" Amerika, 4.405 L) seunit.

Singkatan yang paling dipersetujui secara meluas untuk semua jenis gelen ini ialah gal.[1]

Penggunaan di seluruh dunia

Unit sukatan biasa petrol di setiap negara.
  Liter
  Gelen Amerika
  Gelen imperial
  Tiada data yang diberikan

Gelen imperial masih terus digunakan sebagai unit ukuran di Angu inilla,[2] Antigua dan Barbuda,[3] Bahamas,[4] Kepulauan Virgin British,[5] Kepulauan Cayman,[6] Dominika,[7] Grenada,[8] Montserrat,[9] Myanmar (Burma, sebelum beralih ke liter jualan antara sebelum tahun 2014),[10][11] St Kitts dan Nevis,[12] St Lucia,[13] dan St Vincent dan Kepulauan Grenadine.[14]

Gelen Amerika juga digunakan - selain daripada negara yang menamakannya - di Liberia, Belize, Colombia, Republik Dominika, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, dan Peru, tetapi hanya untuk penjualan petrol sahaja. Semua produk yang lain dijual di liter dan gandaannya dan submultiples.[15]

Sejarah

Secara bersejarahnya, terdapat pelbagai saiz gelen yang telah digunakan di banyak tempat di Eropah Barat. Di kawasan-kawasan ini, ia lama kelamaannya telah digantikan dengan liter sebagai unit kapasiti.

Perbandingan jenis gelen bersejarah

Isipadu Takrifan Isipadu songsang

(gelen per
kaki padu)

Dianggarkan

berat air
(paun per gelen
@ 62 °F)

Anggaran silinder
(inci padu) (L atau dm3) Diameter

(in)

Ketinggian

(in)

Kerelatifan

Ralat (%)

216 (uncia Romawi) 3.5396 congius Romawi 8 7.8 5 11 0.01
224 ≈ 3.6707 dipelihara di Guildhall, London (gelen wain lama UK) 7.71 8.09 9 3.5 0.6
231 3.785411784 statut ke-5 Ratu Anne (gelen wain UK, gelen piawai AS) 7.48 8.33 7 6 0.04
264.8 ≈ 4.3393 Kuart Rumford lama (1228) 6.53 9.57 7.5 6 0.1
265.5 ≈ 4.3508 Exchequer (Henry VII), 1497, dengan rim) 6.51 9.59 13 2 0.01
266.25 ≈ 4.3631 Kuart Rumford (1228)
268.8025 4.40488377086 Winchester, statut 13 + 14 mengikut William III (gelen bijirin,gelen kering Amerika) 6.43 9.71 18.5 1 0.00001
271 ≈ 4.4409 Exchequer (1601, E.) (gelen bijirin asal) 6.38 9.79 4.5 17 0.23
272 ≈ 4.4573 gelen bijirin (1688)
277.18 ≈ 4.5422 statut 12 Anne (gelen arang) = 33/32 gelen bijirin 6.23 10
277.274 4.543460 Gelen imperial (1824) bertakrifan asal. 6.23 10
277.419433 4.54609 Gelen imperial piawai (metrik) (gelen Kanada 1964, gelen UK 1985) 6.23 10 5⅔ 11 0.0002
277.419555 4.546092 Gelen imperial (1895), ditakrifkan pada 1895, seperti yang tercatat pada 1963. 6.23 10
278 ≈ 4.5556 Exchequer (Henry VII, berrim tembaga) 6.21 10.04
278.4 ≈ 4.5622 Exchequer (pain 1601 dan 1602) 6.21 10.06
280 ≈ 4.5884 Exchequer (1601 quart) 6.17 10.1
282 ≈ 4.6212 "'Treasury ("Perbendaharaan", gelen bir dan ale) 6.13 10.2

Rujukan

  1. ^ IEEE Std 260.1-2014
  2. ^ "Anguilla Renewable Energy Integration Project Final Report" (PDF). Anguilla RE Integration Final Report. Government of Anguilla Ministry of Infrastructure, Communications, Utilities, and Housing (MICUH). 19 Oktober 2012. m/s. 104. Dicapai pada 13 Oktober 2013. In 2008—the most recent year where WTI crude oil averaged US$100 per barrel—ANGLEC paid an average of about US$4 per imperial gallon (IG) for diesel.
  3. ^ "Budget Statement for 2012" (PDF). Antigua Observer. 5 Disember 2011. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2 Oktober 2013. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (bantuan)
  4. ^ "The Nassau Guardian".
  5. ^ Webmaster. "Biwater project draws scrutiny".
  6. ^ "Fuel costs driven by factors".
  7. ^ "PHOTO OF THE DAY: Up and up it goes". Dominica News Online.
  8. ^ Grenada: Third Review under the Three-Year Arrangement. m/s. 17. Dicapai pada 13 Oktober 2013.
  9. ^ "Gasoline price increases, diesel decreases, cost of living goes up - The Montserrat Reporter".
  10. ^ "Petrol Prices March 2014 in Yangon, Myanmar".
  11. ^ "Fuel prices on the rise - 2017".
  12. ^ "GAS PRICES CAPPED UNDER $18 – LOWEST SINCE JULY". The St. Kitts-Nevis Observer. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 24 Mei 2012. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (bantuan)
  13. ^ "Rotary has a new President - St. Lucia Voice News". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 22 Disember 2015. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (bantuan)
  14. ^ "Another service station sues SOL over fuel volume discrepancy". iWitness News.
  15. ^ "International Fuel Prices 2010/11 - 7th Edition" (PDF). GTZ Transport Policy Advisory Services on behalf of the [German] Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. m/s. 100. Dicapai pada 16 January 2012.