Apollo 15: Perbezaan antara semakan

Apollo 15
	Jim Irwin salutes the United States flag on the Moon, August 1, 1971
Jenis misi	Crewed lunar landing
Pengoperasi	NASA
COSPAR ID	CSM: 1971-063A ; LM: 1971-063C ;
SATCAT №	CSM: 5351 ; LM: 5366 ;
Jangka masa misi	12 days, 7 hours, 11 minutes, 53 seconds
Ciri kapal angkasa lepas
Kapal angkasa lepas	Apollo CSM-112 ; Apollo LM-10 ;
Pembuat	CSM: North American Rockwell ; LM: Grumman ;
Berat berlepas	48,599 kilogram (107,142 lb)
Berat pendaratan	5,321 kilogram (11,731 lb)
Krew
Bilangan krew	3
Ahli-ahli	David R. Scott ; Alfred M. Worden ; James B. Irwin ;
Kod panggilan	CSM: Endeavour ; LM: Falcon ;
EVA	1 in cislunar space and 4 on the lunar surface
Jangka masa EVA	39 minutes, 7 seconds; Spacewalk to retrieve film cassettes
Permulaan misi
Tarikh pelancaran	July 26, 1971, 13:34:00.6 UTC
Roket	Saturn V AS-510
Tapak pelancaran	Kennedy LC-39A
Pengakhiran misi
Tarikh pendaratan	August 7, 1971, 20:45:53 UTC
Tapak pendaratan	North Pacific Ocean; 26°7′N 158°8′W / 26.117°N 158.133°W
Parameter orbit
Sistem rujukan	Selenocentric
Periselene	101.5 kilometer (54.8 nmi)
Aposelene	120.8 kilometer (65.2 nmi)
Kecenderungan	23 degrees
Epoch	July 30, 1971
Pengorbit Lunar
Komponen kapal angkasa	Command and service module
Sisipan orbit	July 29, 1971, 20:05:46 UTC
Meninggalkan orbit	August 4, 1971, 21:22:45 UTC
Orbit	74
Pendarat Lunar
Komponen kapal angkasa	Lunar module
Tarikh pendaratan	July 30, 1971, 22:16:29 UTC
Pelancaran pulang	August 2, 1971, 17:11:23 UTC
Tapak pendaratan	26°07′56″N 3°38′02″E / 26.1322°N 3.6339°E
Jisim sampel	77 kilogram (170 lb)
EVA permukaan	4 (including standup)
Tempoh EVA	19 hours, 7 minutes, 53 seconds ; Standup: 33 minutes, 7 seconds ; First: 6 hours, 32 minutes, 42 seconds ; Second: 7 hours, 12 minutes, 14 seconds ; Third: 4 hours, 49 minutes, 50 seconds ;
Perayau Lunar
Jarak diliputi	27.9 kilometer (17.3 bt)
Dock dengan LM
Tarikh berlabuh	July 26, 1971, 17:07:49 UTC
Tarikh berlepas	July 30, 1971, 18:13:16 UTC
Dock dengan LM Ascent Stage
Tarikh berlabuh	August 2, 1971, 19:10:25 UTC
Tarikh berlepas	August 3, 1971, 01:04:01 UTC
Muatan
	Particles and Fields Subsatellite (PFS-1) ; Lunar Roving Vehicle ;
Berat	PFS-1: 78.5 paun (35.6 kg) ; LRV: 463 paun (210 kg) ;
	Apollo program
← Apollo 14	Apollo 16 →

Layar sejarah secara interaktif

Suntingan berikutnya →

Kandungan dihapus Kandungan ditambah

VisualWikiteks

Dalam baris

Semakan pada 02:53, 22 Julai 2019

Apollo 15 ialah misi kesembilan dalam program Apollo Amerika Syarikat, kelapan berjaya, dan keempat mendarat di Bulan. Ia merupakan misi J yang pertama, dengan masa yang lebih lama di Bulan dan tumpuan yang lebih besar ke sains daripada pendaratan sebelumnya. Apollo 15 menyaksikan penggunaan pertama Lunar Roving Vehicle.

Rujukan

^ Orloff, Richard W. (September 2004) [2000]. "Table of Contents". Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference. NASA History Series. Washington, D.C.: NASA. ISBN 978-0-16-050631-4. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada August 23, 2007. Dicapai pada July 18, 2009. Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (bantuan)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Apollo 15 Command and Service Module (CSM)". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada Februari 19, 2017. Dicapai pada Disember 21, 2018. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (bantuan)
^ ^a ^b ^c "Apollo 15 Lunar Module /ALSEP". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Dicapai pada March 8, 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Mission Report, m/s. 3.
^ "Apollo 15 Command Module". Smithsonian Air and Space Museum. March 17, 2016. Dicapai pada January 29, 2019.
^ "Lunar Module LM-2". Smithsonian Air and Space Museum. March 21, 2016. Dicapai pada March 7, 2019.
^ Mission Report, m/s. 263.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Orloff, Richard W. (September 27, 2005) [2000]. "Apollo 15 timeline". Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference. NASA History Series. Washington, D.C.: NASA. ISBN 978-0-16-050631-4. Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (bantuan); |access-date= requires |url= (bantuan)
^ Mission Report, m/s. 1.
^ Orloff & Harland, m/s. 426.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Mission Report, m/s. 10–11.
^ ^a ^b Orloff, Richard W. (September 27, 2005) [2000]. "Apollo 15 The Ninth Mission: The Fourth Lunar Landing 26 July-7 August 1971". Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference. NASA History Series. Washington, D.C.: NASA. ISBN 978-0-16-050631-4. Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (bantuan); |access-date= requires |url= (bantuan)
^ "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 15 LM descent stage". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada Februari 19, 2017. Dicapai pada Januari 6, 2019. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (bantuan)
^ Mission Report, m/s. 15.
^ Mission Report, m/s. 15–16.
^ Mission Report, m/s. 16.
^ "Apollo 15 Press Kit" (PDF). Washington, D.C.: NASA. July 15, 1971. Release No: 71-119K. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada March 27, 2009. Dicapai pada January 6, 2019. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (bantuan)

Pautan luar

"To see Earth and Moon in a single glance: An interview with Apollo 15 Astronaut Al Worden, on the 45th anniversary of his epic voyage to the Moon"

Laporan NASA

Apollo 15 Preliminary Science Report (PDF), NASA, Manned Spacecraft Center. NASA SP-289, 1972
"Apollo Program Summary Report" (PDF), NASA, JSC-09423, April 1975
Moonport: A History of Apollo Launch Facilities and Operations by Charles D. Benson and William Barnaby Faherty. NASA SP-4204, 1978
"Articles Carried on Manned Space Flights" NASA News Release 72-189, September 15, 1972. Reprinted at collectSPACE.com
Apollo 15 Flight Journal
Apollo 15 Lunar Surface Journal

Multimedia

Apollo 15: In the Mountains of the Moon (Part 1) | (Part 2) NASA documentary film HQ-217 on the Apollo 15 mission at the Internet Archive
"Episode 45: 4th July 2011: Apollo 15 Command Module Pilot Al Worden" Interview with AstrotalkUK (Podcast), recorded in London on May 22, 2011

[Orloff-1] Orloff, Richard W. (September 2004) [2000]. "Table of Contents". Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference. NASA History Series. Washington, D.C.: NASA. ISBN 978-0-16-050631-4. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada August 23, 2007. Dicapai pada July 18, 2009. Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (bantuan)

[Apollo_15_CSM-2] "Apollo 15 Command and Service Module (CSM)". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada Februari 19, 2017. Dicapai pada Disember 21, 2018. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (bantuan)

[Apollo_15_LM-3] "Apollo 15 Lunar Module /ALSEP". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Dicapai pada March 8, 2019.

[FOOTNOTEMission_Report3-4] Mission Report, m/s. 3.

[5] "Apollo 15 Command Module". Smithsonian Air and Space Museum. March 17, 2016. Dicapai pada January 29, 2019.

[6] "Lunar Module LM-2". Smithsonian Air and Space Museum. March 21, 2016. Dicapai pada March 7, 2019.

[FOOTNOTEMission_Report263-7] Mission Report, m/s. 263.

[15_timeline-8] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Orloff, Richard W. (September 27, 2005) [2000]. "Apollo 15 timeline". Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference. NASA History Series. Washington, D.C.: NASA. ISBN 978-0-16-050631-4. Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (bantuan); |access-date= requires |url= (bantuan)

[FOOTNOTEMission_Report1-9] Mission Report, m/s. 1.

[FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland426-10] Orloff & Harland, m/s. 426.

[FOOTNOTEMission_Report10–11-11] Mission Report, m/s. 10–11.

[15_background-12] Orloff, Richard W. (September 27, 2005) [2000]. "Apollo 15 The Ninth Mission: The Fourth Lunar Landing 26 July-7 August 1971". Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference. NASA History Series. Washington, D.C.: NASA. ISBN 978-0-16-050631-4. Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (bantuan); |access-date= requires |url= (bantuan)

[13] "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 15 LM descent stage". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada Februari 19, 2017. Dicapai pada Januari 6, 2019. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (bantuan)

[FOOTNOTEMission_Report15-14] Mission Report, m/s. 15.

[FOOTNOTEMission_Report15–16-15] Mission Report, m/s. 15–16.

[FOOTNOTEMission_Report16-16] Mission Report, m/s. 16.

[presskit-17] "Apollo 15 Press Kit" (PDF). Washington, D.C.: NASA. July 15, 1971. Release No: 71-119K. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada March 27, 2009. Dicapai pada January 6, 2019. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (bantuan)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
 {{Infobox spaceflight|name=Apollo 15|image=Apollo 15 flag, rover, LM, Irwin.jpg|image_caption=Jim Irwin salutes the [[Flag of the United States|United States flag]] on the Moon, August 1, 1971|insignia=Apollo 15-insignia.png|mission_type=Crewed lunar landing|operator=[[NASA]]<ref name="Orloff">{{cite book |last=Orloff |first=Richard W. |title=Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference |url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/SP-4029.htm |accessdate=July 18, 2009 |series=NASA History Series |origyear= 2000 |date=September 2004 |publisher=[[NASA]] |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=978-0-16-050631-4 |chapter=Table of Contents |chapterurl=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/Apollo_00g_Table_of_Contents.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823124845/https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/SP-4029.htm|archivedate=August 23, 2007}}</ref>|COSPAR_ID={{Unbulleted list
+  |CSM: 1971-063A<ref name="Apollo 15 CSM">{{cite web|url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1971-063A|title=Apollo 15 Command and Service Module (CSM)|publisher=NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive|accessdate=December 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219055751/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1971-063A|archive-date=February 19, 2017|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
-  |CSM: 1971-063A<ref name="Apollo 15 CSM" />
-  |LM: 1971-063C<ref name="Apollo 15 LM">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-063C|title=Apollo 15 Lunar Module /ALSEP|publisher=[[NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive]]|accessdate=March 8, 2019}}</ref>
+  |LM: 1971-063C<ref name="Apollo 15 LM">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-063C|title=Apollo 15 Lunar Module /ALSEP|publisher=NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive|accessdate=March 8, 2019}}</ref>
 }}|SATCAT={{Unbulleted list
   |CSM: 5351<ref name="Apollo 15 CSM" />
@@ Baris 9: / Baris 9: @@
   |[[Apollo Lunar Module|Apollo LM]]-10<ref name = "Apollo 15 LM" />
 }}|manufacturer={{Unbulleted list
-  |CSM: [[Rockwell International|North American Rockwell]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Apollo 15 Command Module|url=https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/command-module-apollo-15|publisher=[[Smithsonian Air and Space Museum]]|accessdate=January 29, 2019|date=March 17, 2016}}</ref>
+  |CSM: [[Rockwell International|North American Rockwell]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Apollo 15 Command Module|url=https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/command-module-apollo-15|publisher=Smithsonian Air and Space Museum|accessdate=January 29, 2019|date=March 17, 2016}}</ref>
   |LM: [[Grumman]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Lunar Module LM-2|url=https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/lunar-module-2-apollo|publisher=[[Smithsonian Air and Space Museum]]|accessdate=March 7, 2019|date=March 21, 2016}}</ref>
 }}|launch_mass={{convert|107142|lb|kg|order=flip}}<ref name="Apollo 15 CSM" />|landing_mass={{convert|11731|lb|kg|order=flip}}{{sfb|Mission Report|p=263}}|launch_date={{start-date|July 26, 1971, 13:34:00.6|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC{{sfn|Mission Report|p=1}}|launch_rocket=[[Saturn V]] AS-510{{sfn|Orloff & Harland|p=426}}|launch_site=[[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]] [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39|LC-39A]]<ref name="Apollo 15 CSM" />|landing_date={{end-date|August 7, 1971, 20:45:53|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC{{sfn|Mission Report|p=3}}|landing_site=North Pacific Ocean<br/>{{coord|26|7|N|158|8|W|type:event|name=Apollo 15 splashdown}}{{sfn|Mission Report|p=3}}|orbit_epoch=July 30, 1971{{sfn|Mission Report|pp=10–11}}|orbit_reference=[[selenocentric orbit|Selenocentric]]{{sfn|Mission Report|pp=10–11}}|orbit_periapsis={{convert|54.8|nmi|km|order=flip|sp=us}}{{sfn|Mission Report|pp=10–11}}|orbit_apoapsis={{convert|65.2|nmi|km|order=flip|sp=us}}{{sfn|Mission Report|pp=10–11}}|orbit_inclination=23&nbsp;degrees{{sfn|Mission Report|pp=10–11}}|orbit_period=|apsis=selene|interplanetary={{Infobox spaceflight/IP
@@ Baris 46: / Baris 46: @@
   |[[Lunar Roving Vehicle]]
 }}|cargo_mass={{Unbulleted list
+  |PFS-1: {{convert|78.5|lb|kg}}<ref name=presskit>{{cite web |url=https://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/A15_PressKit.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327000948/https://mira.hq.nasa.gov/history/ws/hdmshrc/all/main/DDD/17978.PDF |dead-url=no |archive-date=March 27, 2009 | title=Apollo 15 Press Kit |date=July 15, 1971 |publisher=NASA |location=Washington, D.C. |id=Release No: 71-119K |accessdate=January 6, 2019}}</ref>
-  |PFS-1: {{convert|78.5|lb|kg}}<ref name=presskit />
   |LRV: {{convert|463|lb|kg}}<ref name="15 background">{{cite book|chapterurl=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/Apollo_15a_Summary.htm|accessdate=January 29, 2019|date=September 27, 2005|chapter=Apollo 15 The Ninth Mission: The Fourth Lunar Landing 26 July-7 August 1971|last=Orloff |first=Richard W. |title=Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference |series=NASA History Series |origyear= 2000 |publisher=[[NASA]] |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=978-0-16-050631-4 }}</ref>
 }}|instruments=<!--a list of instruments on the satellite-->|docking={{Infobox spaceflight/Dock
@@ Baris 73: / Baris 73: @@
 == Rujukan ==
 {{Reflist|30em}}
+== Pautan luar ==
+{{commons|Apollo 15}}
+* [https://medium.com/learning-for-life/to-see-earth-and-moon-in-a-single-glance-89d094f6d40f "To see Earth and Moon in a single glance: An interview with Apollo 15 Astronaut Al Worden, on the 45th anniversary of his epic voyage to the Moon"]
+'''Laporan NASA'''
+* [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/as15psr.pdf ''Apollo 15 Preliminary Science Report''] (PDF), NASA, Manned Spacecraft Center. NASA SP-289, 1972
+* [https://history.nasa.gov/apsr/apsr.htm "Apollo Program Summary Report"] (PDF), NASA, JSC-09423, April 1975
+* [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4204/contents.html ''Moonport: A History of Apollo Launch Facilities and Operations''] by Charles D. Benson and William Barnaby Faherty. NASA SP-4204, 1978
+* [http://www.collectspace.com/resources/flown_a15_articlescarried.html "Articles Carried on Manned Space Flights"] NASA News Release 72-189, September 15, 1972. Reprinted at collectSPACE.com
+* [https://history.nasa.gov/ap15fj/ Apollo 15 Flight Journal]
+* [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/a15.html Apollo 15 Lunar Surface Journal]
+'''Multimedia'''
+* [https://archive.org/details/IntheMountainsOfTheMoonApollo15 ''Apollo 15: In the Mountains of the Moon'' (Part 1)] | [https://archive.org/details/InTheMountainsOfTheMoon (Part 2)] NASA documentary film HQ-217 on the Apollo 15 mission at the [[Internet Archive]]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110706030936/http://astrotalkuk.org/2011/07/04/episode-45-4th-july-2011-apollo-15-command-module-pilot-al-worden/ "Episode 45: 4th July 2011: Apollo 15 Command Module Pilot Al Worden"] Interview with AstrotalkUK (Podcast), recorded in London on May 22, 2011
+{{Program Apollo}}
 [[Kategori:Program Apollo]]

l b s Program Apollo
Ujian roket	SA-1 SA-2 SA-3 SA-4 SA-5 AS-203	Apollo Program insignia
Ujian Abort	QTV Pad Abort Test-1 A-001 A-002 A-003 Pad Abort Test-2 A-004
Ujian Boilerplate	AS-101 AS-102 AS-103 AS-104 AS-105
Misi berjaya	AS-201 AS-202 Apollo 4 Apollo 5 Apollo 6 Skylab 1
Misi pengorbit Bumi	Apollo 7 Apollo 9 Skylab 2 Skylab 3 Skylab 4 Apollo–Soyuz Test Project
Misi pengorbit Bulan	Apollo 8 Apollo 10
Misi pendaratan di Bulan	Apollo 11 Apollo 12 Apollo 14 Apollo 15 Apollo 16 Apollo 17
Misi gagal	Apollo 1 (AS-204) Apollo 13