Henti jantung: Perbezaan antara semakan

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Haziq Faruqi (bincang | sumb.)
921 suntingan
Dicipta dengan menterjemah laman "Cardiac arrest"
 
Haziq Faruqi (bincang | sumb.)
921 suntingan
Dicipta dengan menterjemah laman "Cardiac arrest"
Baris 1: Baris 1:


{{Infobox medical condition|name=Pegun jantung|risks=|frequency=13 bagi setiap 10,000 orang setahun (luar hospital di AS)<ref name=AHA2015Part4/>|prognosis=Kadar penakatan ~ 10% (luar hospital) 25% (dalam hospital)<ref name=Adam2012/><ref name=JAMA2019>{{cite journal |last1=Andersen |first1=LW |last2=Holmberg |first2=MJ |last3=Berg |first3=KM |last4=Donnino |first4=MW |last5=Granfeldt |first5=A |title=In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Review. |journal=JAMA |date=26 March 2019 |volume=321 |issue=12 |pages=1200–1210 |doi=10.1001/jama.2019.1696 |pmid=30912843|pmc=6482460 }}</ref>|medication=|treatment=[[Resusitasi kardiopulmonari]] (CPR), [[defibrilasi]]<ref name=NIH2016Tx/>|prevention=Jangan merokok, kekal cergas, mengawal berat badan yang sihat<ref name=NIH2016Pre/>|differential=|diagnosis=Nadi tiada<ref name=Fie2009/>|causes=[[Penyakit arteri koronari]], [[penyakit jantung kongenital]], [[pendarahan|kehilangan darah]] yang banyak, kekurangan oksigen, [[hipokalemia|kekurangan kalium yang banyak]], [[kegagalan jantung]]<ref name=NIH2016Ca/>|image=US Navy 040421-N-8090G-001 Hospital Corpsman 3rd Class Flowers administers chest compressions to a simulated cardiac arrest victim.jpg|duration=|onset=Lanjut usia<ref name=NIH2016Risk/>|complications=|symptoms=Hilang kesedaran, [[pegun pernafasan|pernafasan ganjil atau tiada]]<ref name=Fie2009/><ref name=NIH2016Sign/>|field=[[Kardiologi]], [[perubatan kecemasan]]|synonyms=Henti jantung, pegun kardiopulminari, jantung terhenti, jantung berhenti, pegun peredaran darah, pegun kardium, pegun kardiak, pegun kadium mengejut (SCA), kematian kardium mengejut (SCD)<ref name=Fie2009/>|caption=[[Resusitasi kardiopulmonari|RKP]] dilakukan semasa jantung berhenti.|deaths=> 425,000 per year (U.S.)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meaney |first1=PA |last2=Bobrow |first2=BJ |last3=Mancini |first3=ME |last4=Christenson |first4=J |last5=de Caen |first5=AR |last6=Bhanji |first6=F |last7=Abella |first7=BS |last8=Kleinman |first8=ME |last9=Edelson |first9=DP |last10=Berg |first10=RA |last11=Aufderheide |first11=TP |last12=Menon |first12=V |last13=Leary |first13=M |last14=CPR Quality Summit Investigators, the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee, and the Council on Cardiopulmonary, Critical Care, Perioperative and |first14=Resuscitation. |title=Cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality: [corrected] improving cardiac resuscitation outcomes both inside and outside the hospital: a consensus statement from the American Heart Association. |journal=Circulation |date=23 July 2013 |volume=128 |issue=4 |pages=417–35 |doi=10.1161/CIR.0b013e31829d8654 |pmid=23801105}}</ref>}}'''Pegun jantung''' atau '''henti jantung''' ialah keadaan apabila terhentinya fungsi [[jantung]] tanpa denyutan jantung dan tekanan darah.<ref>Pegun jantung. Dari ''Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu''. [http://prpm.dbp.gov.my/Cari1?keyword=pegun+jantung&d=28648&#LIHATSINI Istilah Bahasa Melayu].</ref> Tanda-tandanya ialah hilang kesedaran dan pernafasan yang ganjil atau terhenti.<ref name="Fie2009">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JaOoXdSlT9sC&pg=PA11|title=The Textbook of Emergency Cardiovascular Care and CPR|last=Field|first=John M.|date=2009|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781788991|page=11|language=en|name-list-format=vanc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905133735/https://books.google.com/books?id=JaOoXdSlT9sC&pg=PA11|archive-date=2017-09-05}}</ref><ref name="NIH2016Sign" /> Sesetengah individu boleh mengalami sakit dada, [[sesak nafas]], atau [[loya]] sebelum berlakunya pegun jantung.<ref name="NIH2016Sign">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/signs|title=What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Sudden Cardiac Arrest?|date=June 22, 2016|website=NHLBI|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827190624/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/signs|archive-date=27 August 2016|access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref> Jika ia tidak dirawat dengan serta-merta, ia boleh menyebabkan [[Ajal|kematian]].<ref name="NIH2016What">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda|title=What Is Sudden Cardiac Arrest?|date=June 22, 2016|website=NHLBI|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728031608/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda|archive-date=28 July 2016|access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref>
{{Infobox medical condition|name=Pegun jantung|risks=|frequency=13 bagi setiap 10,000 orang setahun (luar hospital di AS)<ref name=AHA2015Part4/>|prognosis=Kadar penakatan ~ 10% (luar hospital) 25% (dalam hospital)<ref name=Adam2012/><ref name=JAMA2019>{{cite journal |last1=Andersen |first1=LW |last2=Holmberg |first2=MJ |last3=Berg |first3=KM |last4=Donnino |first4=MW |last5=Granfeldt |first5=A |title=In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Review. |journal=JAMA |date=26 March 2019 |volume=321 |issue=12 |pages=1200–1210 |doi=10.1001/jama.2019.1696 |pmid=30912843|pmc=6482460 }}</ref>|medication=|treatment=[[Resusitasi kardiopulmonari]] (CPR), [[defibrilasi]]<ref name=NIH2016Tx/>|prevention=Jangan merokok, kekal cergas, mengawal berat badan yang sihat<ref name=NIH2016Pre/>|differential=|diagnosis=Nadi tiada<ref name=Fie2009/>|causes=[[Penyakit arteri koronari]], [[penyakit jantung kongenital]], [[pendarahan|kehilangan darah]] yang banyak, kekurangan oksigen, [[hipokalemia|kekurangan kalium yang banyak]], [[kegagalan jantung]]<ref name=NIH2016Ca/>|image=US Navy 040421-N-8090G-001 Hospital Corpsman 3rd Class Flowers administers chest compressions to a simulated cardiac arrest victim.jpg|duration=|onset=Lanjut usia<ref name=NIH2016Risk/>|complications=|symptoms=Hilang kesedaran, [[pegun pernafasan|pernafasan ganjil atau tiada]]<ref name=Fie2009/><ref name=NIH2016Sign/>|field=[[Kardiologi]], [[perubatan kecemasan]]|synonyms=Henti jantung, pegun kardiopulminari, jantung terhenti, jantung berhenti, pegun peredaran darah, pegun kardium, pegun kardiak, pegun kadium mengejut (SCA), kematian kardium mengejut (SCD)<ref name=Fie2009/>|caption=[[Resusitasi kardiopulmonari|RKP]] dilakukan semasa jantung berhenti.|deaths=> 425,000 per year (U.S.)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meaney |first1=PA |last2=Bobrow |first2=BJ |last3=Mancini |first3=ME |last4=Christenson |first4=J |last5=de Caen |first5=AR |last6=Bhanji |first6=F |last7=Abella |first7=BS |last8=Kleinman |first8=ME |last9=Edelson |first9=DP |last10=Berg |first10=RA |last11=Aufderheide |first11=TP |last12=Menon |first12=V |last13=Leary |first13=M |last14=CPR Quality Summit Investigators, the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee, and the Council on Cardiopulmonary, Critical Care, Perioperative and |first14=Resuscitation. |title=Cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality: [corrected] improving cardiac resuscitation outcomes both inside and outside the hospital: a consensus statement from the American Heart Association. |journal=Circulation |date=23 July 2013 |volume=128 |issue=4 |pages=417–35 |doi=10.1161/CIR.0b013e31829d8654 |pmid=23801105}}</ref>}}'''Pegun jantung''' atau '''henti jantung''' ialah keadaan apabila terhentinya fungsi [[jantung]] tanpa denyutan jantung dan tekanan darah.<ref>Pegun jantung. Dari ''Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu''. [http://prpm.dbp.gov.my/Cari1?keyword=pegun+jantung&d=28648&#LIHATSINI Istilah Bahasa Melayu].</ref> Tanda-tandanya ialah hilang kesedaran dan pernafasan yang ganjil atau terhenti.<ref name="Fie2009">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JaOoXdSlT9sC&pg=PA11|title=The Textbook of Emergency Cardiovascular Care and CPR|last=Field|first=John M.|date=2009|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781788991|page=11|language=en|name-list-format=vanc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905133735/https://books.google.com/books?id=JaOoXdSlT9sC&pg=PA11|archive-date=2017-09-05}}</ref> Sesetengah individu boleh mengalami sakit dada, [[sesak nafas]], atau [[loya]] sebelum berlakunya pegun jantung.<ref name="NIH2016Sign">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/signs|title=What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Sudden Cardiac Arrest?|date=June 22, 2016|website=NHLBI|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827190624/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/signs|archive-date=27 August 2016|access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref> Jika ia tidak dirawat dengan serta-merta, ia boleh menyebabkan [[Ajal|kematian]].<ref name="NIH2016What">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda|title=What Is Sudden Cardiac Arrest?|date=June 22, 2016|website=NHLBI|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728031608/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda|archive-date=28 July 2016|access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref>


Sebab yang biasa berlakunya pegun jantung ialah [[penyakit jantung koronari]].<ref name="NIH2016Ca" /> Sebab-sebab lain ialah kehilangan darah, [[Hipoksia (perubatan)|kekurangan oksigen]], kekurangan kalium, [[kegagalan jantung]], dan senaman yang melampau.<ref name="NIH2016Ca" /> Masalah keturunan juga boleh meningkatkan risikonya seperti sindrom QT panjang. Denyutan awal jantung biasanya ialah pemfibrilan ventrikel.<ref name="NIH2016Ca">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/causes|title=What Causes Sudden Cardiac Arrest?|date=June 22, 2016|website=NHLBI|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728042233/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/causes|archive-date=28 July 2016|access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref> Diagnosis ini disahkan apabila tiada nadi.<ref name="Fie2009">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JaOoXdSlT9sC&pg=PA11|title=The Textbook of Emergency Cardiovascular Care and CPR|last=Field|first=John M.|date=2009|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781788991|page=11|language=en|name-list-format=vanc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905133735/https://books.google.com/books?id=JaOoXdSlT9sC&pg=PA11|archive-date=2017-09-05}}</ref> Biarpun pegun jantung boleh disebabkan oleh [[Penginfarkan miokardium|serangan jantung]] atau kegagalan jantung, ia bukan perkara yang sama.<ref name="NIH2016What">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda|title=What Is Sudden Cardiac Arrest?|date=June 22, 2016|website=NHLBI|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728031608/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda|archive-date=28 July 2016|access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref>
Sebab yang biasa berlakunya pegun jantung ialah [[penyakit jantung koronari]].<ref name="NIH2016Ca" /> Sebab-sebab lain ialah kehilangan darah, [[Hipoksia (perubatan)|kekurangan oksigen]], kekurangan kalium, [[kegagalan jantung]], dan senaman yang melampau.<ref name="NIH2016Ca" /> Masalah keturunan juga boleh meningkatkan risikonya seperti sindrom QT panjang. Denyutan awal jantung biasanya ialah pemfibrilan ventrikel.<ref name="NIH2016Ca">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/causes|title=What Causes Sudden Cardiac Arrest?|date=June 22, 2016|website=NHLBI|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728042233/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/causes|archive-date=28 July 2016|access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref> Diagnosis ini disahkan apabila tiada nadi.<ref name="Fie2009">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JaOoXdSlT9sC&pg=PA11|title=The Textbook of Emergency Cardiovascular Care and CPR|last=Field|first=John M.|date=2009|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781788991|page=11|language=en|name-list-format=vanc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905133735/https://books.google.com/books?id=JaOoXdSlT9sC&pg=PA11|archive-date=2017-09-05}}</ref> Biarpun pegun jantung boleh disebabkan oleh [[Penginfarkan miokardium|serangan jantung]] atau kegagalan jantung, ia bukan perkara yang sama.<ref name="NIH2016What">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda|title=What Is Sudden Cardiac Arrest?|date=June 22, 2016|website=NHLBI|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728031608/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda|archive-date=28 July 2016|access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref>


Langkah pencegahan termasuklah tidak merokok, mengamalkan gaya hidup yang cergas, dan engekalkan berat badan yang sihat.<ref name="NIH2016Pre" /> Rawatan untuk pegun jantung termasuklah [[Resusitasi kardiopulmonari|pemulihan kardiopulmonari]] segera (''CPR'') dan, seandainya [[Defibrilator|perenjat denyutan]] ada, [[Defibrilator|defibrilasi]].<ref name="NIH2016Tx">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/treatment|title=How Is Sudden Cardiac Arrest Treated?|date=June 22, 2016|website=NHLBI|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827184130/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/treatment|archive-date=27 August 2016|access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref> Dalam kalangan penakat dan penyintas, pengawalan suhu bersasar boleh mengelokan pemulihan.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|date=November 2016|title=Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest: A systematic review/meta-analysis exploring the impact of expanded criteria and targeted temperature|journal=Resuscitation|volume=108|pages=102–110|doi=10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.07.238|pmid=27521472}}</ref><ref name="Arr2016">{{Cite journal|date=February 2016|title=Hypothermia for neuroprotection in adults after cardiopulmonary resuscitation|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=2|pages=CD004128|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004128.pub4|pmc=6516972|pmid=26878327}}</ref> Sebuah implan defibrilator kardioversi boleh diletakkan untuk merendahkan peluang untuk mati akibat keterjadiannya.<ref name="NIH2016Pre">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/prevention|title=How Can Death Due to Sudden Cardiac Arrest Be Prevented?|date=June 22, 2016|website=NHLBI|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827200432/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/prevention|archive-date=27 August 2016|access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref>
Langkah pencegahan termasuklah tidak merokok, mengamalkan gaya hidup yang cergas, dan engekalkan berat badan yang sihat.<ref name="NIH2016Pre" /> Rawatan untuk pegun jantung termasuklah [[Resusitasi kardiopulmonari|pemulihan kardiopulmonari]] segera (''CPR'') dan, seandainya [[Defibrilator|perenjat denyutan]] ada, [[Defibrilator|defibrilasi]].<ref name="NIH2016Tx">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/treatment|title=How Is Sudden Cardiac Arrest Treated?|date=June 22, 2016|website=NHLBI|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827184130/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/treatment|archive-date=27 August 2016|access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref> Dalam kalangan penakat dan penyintas, pengawalan suhu bersasar boleh mengelokan pemulihan.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|date=November 2016|title=Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest: A systematic review/meta-analysis exploring the impact of expanded criteria and targeted temperature|journal=Resuscitation|volume=108|pages=102–110|doi=10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.07.238|pmid=27521472}}</ref><ref name="Arr2016">{{Cite journal|date=February 2016|title=Hypothermia for neuroprotection in adults after cardiopulmonary resuscitation|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=2|pages=CD004128|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004128.pub4|pmc=6516972|pmid=26878327}}</ref> Sebuah implan defibrilator kardioversi boleh diletakkan untuk merendahkan peluang untuk mati akibat keterjadiannya.<ref name="NIH2016Pre">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/prevention|title=How Can Death Due to Sudden Cardiac Arrest Be Prevented?|date=June 22, 2016|website=NHLBI|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827200432/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/prevention|archive-date=27 August 2016|access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref>

In the [[Amerika Syarikat|United States]], approximately 535,000 cases occur a year. About 13 per 10,000 people (326,000 or 61%) experience cardiac arrest outside of a hospital setting, while 209,000 (39%) occur within a hospital.<ref name="AHA2015Part4">{{Cite journal|date=November 2015|title=Part 4: Systems of Care and Continuous Quality Improvement: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care|journal=Circulation|volume=132|issue=18 Suppl 2|pages=S397-413|doi=10.1161/cir.0000000000000258|pmid=26472992}}</ref> Cardiac arrest becomes more common with age. It affects males more often than females.<ref name="NIH2016Risk">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/atrisk|title=Who Is at Risk for Sudden Cardiac Arrest?|date=June 22, 2016|website=NHLBI|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823231651/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda/atrisk|archive-date=23 August 2016|access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref> The percentage of people who survive with treatment is about 8%. Many who survive have significant [[Kehilangan upaya|disability]]. However, many American television programs have portrayed unrealistically high survival rates of 67%.<ref name="Adam2012">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rpoH-KYE93IC&pg=PA1771|title=Emergency Medicine: Clinical Essentials (Expert Consult – Online)|last=Adams|first=James G.|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1455733941|page=1771|language=en|name-list-format=vanc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905133735/https://books.google.com/books?id=rpoH-KYE93IC&pg=PA1771|archive-date=2017-09-05}}</ref>


== Tanda dan gejala ==
== Tanda dan gejala ==
Baris 10: Baris 12:


Sesetengah tindakan segera dapat memulihkan jantung terhenti, tetapi jika tindakan tersebut langsung tidak dilakukan maut akan susuli.<ref name="Harrison2">{{Cite book|title=Harrison's principles of internal medicine|vauthors=Jameson JL, Kasper DL, Harrison TR, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL|publisher=McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division|year=2005|isbn=978-0-07-140235-4|location=New York|pages=|doi=|oclc=|access-date=}}</ref> Dalam sesetengah kes, pegun jantung ialah akibat yang dijangka dalam penyakit serius melibatkan maut.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/coronary-artery-disease|title=Mount Sinai – Cardiac arrest|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515004036/http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/coronary-artery-disease|archive-date=2012-05-15}}</ref>
Sesetengah tindakan segera dapat memulihkan jantung terhenti, tetapi jika tindakan tersebut langsung tidak dilakukan maut akan susuli.<ref name="Harrison2">{{Cite book|title=Harrison's principles of internal medicine|vauthors=Jameson JL, Kasper DL, Harrison TR, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL|publisher=McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division|year=2005|isbn=978-0-07-140235-4|location=New York|pages=|doi=|oclc=|access-date=}}</ref> Dalam sesetengah kes, pegun jantung ialah akibat yang dijangka dalam penyakit serius melibatkan maut.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/coronary-artery-disease|title=Mount Sinai – Cardiac arrest|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515004036/http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/coronary-artery-disease|archive-date=2012-05-15}}</ref>

== Rujukan ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
[[Kategori:Selenggaraan CS1: Nama yang banyak: authors list]]
[[Kategori:Selenggaraan CS1: Nama yang banyak: authors list]]

Semakan pada 05:48, 25 Mac 2020

Pegun jantung
Wikipedia tidak memberikan nasihat perubatan profesional Penafian perubatan
Nama lain
Henti jantung, pegun kardiopulminari, jantung terhenti, jantung berhenti, pegun peredaran darah, pegun kardium, pegun kardiak, pegun kadium mengejut (SCA), kematian kardium mengejut (SCD)[1]
RKP dilakukan semasa jantung berhenti.
PengkhususanKardiologi, perubatan kecemasan
GejalaHilang kesedaran, pernafasan ganjil atau tiada[1][2]
Permulaan biasa
Lanjut usia[3]
PuncaPenyakit arteri koronari, penyakit jantung kongenital, kehilangan darah yang banyak, kekurangan oksigen, kekurangan kalium yang banyak, kegagalan jantung[4]
Nadi tiada[1]
PencegahanJangan merokok, kekal cergas, mengawal berat badan yang sihat[5]
RawatanResusitasi kardiopulmonari (CPR), defibrilasi[6]
PrognosisKadar penakatan ~ 10% (luar hospital) 25% (dalam hospital)[7][8]
Kekerapan13 bagi setiap 10,000 orang setahun (luar hospital di AS)[9]
Kematian> 425,000 per year (U.S.)[10]
sunting
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Pegun jantung atau henti jantung ialah keadaan apabila terhentinya fungsi jantung tanpa denyutan jantung dan tekanan darah.[11] Tanda-tandanya ialah hilang kesedaran dan pernafasan yang ganjil atau terhenti.[1] Sesetengah individu boleh mengalami sakit dada, sesak nafas, atau loya sebelum berlakunya pegun jantung.[2] Jika ia tidak dirawat dengan serta-merta, ia boleh menyebabkan kematian.[12]

Sebab yang biasa berlakunya pegun jantung ialah penyakit jantung koronari.[4] Sebab-sebab lain ialah kehilangan darah, kekurangan oksigen, kekurangan kalium, kegagalan jantung, dan senaman yang melampau.[4] Masalah keturunan juga boleh meningkatkan risikonya seperti sindrom QT panjang. Denyutan awal jantung biasanya ialah pemfibrilan ventrikel.[4] Diagnosis ini disahkan apabila tiada nadi.[1] Biarpun pegun jantung boleh disebabkan oleh serangan jantung atau kegagalan jantung, ia bukan perkara yang sama.[12]

Langkah pencegahan termasuklah tidak merokok, mengamalkan gaya hidup yang cergas, dan engekalkan berat badan yang sihat.[5] Rawatan untuk pegun jantung termasuklah pemulihan kardiopulmonari segera (CPR) dan, seandainya perenjat denyutan ada, defibrilasi.[6] Dalam kalangan penakat dan penyintas, pengawalan suhu bersasar boleh mengelokan pemulihan.[13][14] Sebuah implan defibrilator kardioversi boleh diletakkan untuk merendahkan peluang untuk mati akibat keterjadiannya.[5]

In the United States, approximately 535,000 cases occur a year. About 13 per 10,000 people (326,000 or 61%) experience cardiac arrest outside of a hospital setting, while 209,000 (39%) occur within a hospital.[9] Cardiac arrest becomes more common with age. It affects males more often than females.[3] The percentage of people who survive with treatment is about 8%. Many who survive have significant disability. However, many American television programs have portrayed unrealistically high survival rates of 67%.[7]

Tanda dan gejala

Pegun jantung tidak memberikan gejala amaran dalam 50 peratus individu.[15] Mereka yang ada gejala akan mengalami gejala yang tidak khusus, seperti sesak dada, keletihan, pitam, pening, sesak nafas, lesu dan muntah yang baharu atau melarat.[16][17] Apabila jantung terhenti, petanda yang paling jelas pegun jantung ialah ketiadaan nadi yang dapat dirasa pada mangsa. Dan, akibat kehilangan pengaliran darah ke otak (perfusi serebrum), mangsa akan hilang kesedaran secara mendadak dan berhenti bernafas. Kriteria utama untuk mendiagnosis pegun jantung ialah kekurangan peredaran darah, lain daripada pegun pernafasan walaupun mempunyai ciri-ciri yang serupa; namun, ada beberapa kaedah untuk menentukannya. 10 - 20 peratus individu penakat pegun jantung melaporkannya sebagai pengalaman nyaris-maut.[18]

Sesetengah tindakan segera dapat memulihkan jantung terhenti, tetapi jika tindakan tersebut langsung tidak dilakukan maut akan susuli.[19] Dalam sesetengah kes, pegun jantung ialah akibat yang dijangka dalam penyakit serius melibatkan maut.[20]

Rujukan

  1. ^ a b c d e Field, John M. (2009). The Textbook of Emergency Cardiovascular Care and CPR (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. m/s. 11. ISBN 9780781788991. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2017-09-05. Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (bantuan)
  2. ^ a b "What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Sudden Cardiac Arrest?". NHLBI. June 22, 2016. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 27 August 2016. Dicapai pada 16 August 2016.
  3. ^ a b "Who Is at Risk for Sudden Cardiac Arrest?". NHLBI. June 22, 2016. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 23 August 2016. Dicapai pada 16 August 2016.
  4. ^ a b c d "What Causes Sudden Cardiac Arrest?". NHLBI. June 22, 2016. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 28 July 2016. Dicapai pada 16 August 2016.
  5. ^ a b c "How Can Death Due to Sudden Cardiac Arrest Be Prevented?". NHLBI. June 22, 2016. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 27 August 2016. Dicapai pada 16 August 2016.
  6. ^ a b "How Is Sudden Cardiac Arrest Treated?". NHLBI. June 22, 2016. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 27 August 2016. Dicapai pada 16 August 2016.
  7. ^ a b Adams, James G. (2012). Emergency Medicine: Clinical Essentials (Expert Consult – Online) (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Elsevier Health Sciences. m/s. 1771. ISBN 978-1455733941. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2017-09-05. Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (bantuan)
  8. ^ Andersen, LW; Holmberg, MJ; Berg, KM; Donnino, MW; Granfeldt, A (26 March 2019). "In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Review". JAMA. 321 (12): 1200–1210. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.1696. PMC 6482460. PMID 30912843.
  9. ^ a b "Part 4: Systems of Care and Continuous Quality Improvement: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care". Circulation. 132 (18 Suppl 2): S397-413. November 2015. doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000258. PMID 26472992.
  10. ^ Meaney, PA; Bobrow, BJ; Mancini, ME; Christenson, J; de Caen, AR; Bhanji, F; Abella, BS; Kleinman, ME; Edelson, DP; Berg, RA; Aufderheide, TP; Menon, V; Leary, M; CPR Quality Summit Investigators, the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee, and the Council on Cardiopulmonary, Critical Care, Perioperative and, Resuscitation. (23 July 2013). "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality: [corrected] improving cardiac resuscitation outcomes both inside and outside the hospital: a consensus statement from the American Heart Association". Circulation. 128 (4): 417–35. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e31829d8654. PMID 23801105.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Pegun jantung. Dari Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu. Istilah Bahasa Melayu.
  12. ^ a b "What Is Sudden Cardiac Arrest?". NHLBI. June 22, 2016. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 28 July 2016. Dicapai pada 16 August 2016.
  13. ^ "Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest: A systematic review/meta-analysis exploring the impact of expanded criteria and targeted temperature". Resuscitation. 108: 102–110. November 2016. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.07.238. PMID 27521472.
  14. ^ "Hypothermia for neuroprotection in adults after cardiopulmonary resuscitation". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2: CD004128. February 2016. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004128.pub4. PMC 6516972. PMID 26878327.
  15. ^ Myerburg, Robert J., penyunting (2015). "Cardiac Arrest and Sudden Cardiac Death". Braunwald's heart disease : a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. Mann, Douglas L.,, Zipes, Douglas P.,, Libby, Peter,, Bonow, Robert O.,, Braunwald, Eugene. (ed. Tenth). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders. m/s. 821–860. ISBN 9781455751341. OCLC 890409638. Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (bantuan)
  16. ^ "What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Sudden Cardiac Arrest?". National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. 1 April 2011. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 21 June 2015. Dicapai pada 2015-06-21.
  17. ^ Johnson, Ken; Ghassemzadeh, Sassan (2019), "Chest Pain", StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing, PMID 29262011, dicapai pada 2019-11-05
  18. ^ "Near death experiences, cognitive function and psychological outcomes of surviving cardiac arrest". Resuscitation. 74 (2): 215–21. August 2007. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.01.020. PMID 17416449.
  19. ^ Jameson JL, Kasper DL, Harrison TR, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL (2005). Harrison's principles of internal medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division. ISBN 978-0-07-140235-4.
  20. ^ "Mount Sinai – Cardiac arrest". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2012-05-15.
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