Kaherah: Perbezaan antara semakan

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'''Kaherah''' ({{ArB|القاهرة}} {{ArTranslit|'''al-Qāhira'''}}), yang bermaksud "berjaya", ialah ibu negara dan bandar terbesar di [[Mesir]]. Ia merupakan [[Dunia Arab]] terbesar <ref>[[List of largest cities of the Arab League]]</ref> serta bandar yang paling padat penduduk di [[Afrika]].<ref>[http://www.africaguide.com/facts.htm<!-- Africa Guide-->]</ref>
'''Kaherah''' ({{ArB|القاهرة}} {{ArTranslit|'''al-Qāhira'''}}), yang bermaksud "berjaya", ialah ibu negara dan bandar terbesar di [[Mesir]]. Ia merupakan [[Dunia Arab]] terbesar <ref>[[List of largest cities of the Arab League]]</ref> serta bandar yang paling padat penduduk di [[Afrika]].<ref>[http://www.africaguide.com/facts.htm<!-- Africa Guide-->]</ref>


== Lihat juga ==
== Penamaan ==
Nama [[bahasa Arab]] kota yang diserapkan ke dalam nama bahasa Melayunya, ''{{Transl|ar|ALA|al-Qāhirah }}'' ({{lang-ar|القاهرة}}) bererti "pemenang" atau "penakluk", ia dipercayai berkaitan dengan kejadian terbitnya [[Marikh]] atau gelarannya ''an-Najm al-Qāhir'' ({{lang-ar|النجم القاهر}} "Bintang Penakluk") semasa kota ini ditubuhkan<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sVQBAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA78|title=Towards a Shi'i Mediterranean Empire: Fatimid Egypt and the Founding of Cairo|author=|publisher=I.B. Tauris|year=2009|isbn=978-0-85771-742-9|page=78}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=القاهرة تاريخها وآثارها (969 - 1825) من جوهر القائد إلى الجبرتي المؤرخ|last=Abdurrahman Zaki ({{rtl-lang|ar|عبد الرحمن زكي}})|first=|publisher=Dar al-Ta'lif wal Tarjamat|year=1966|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref> atau ketibaan Khalifah [[Khilafah Fatimiyah|Fatimiyah]] [[Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah|Al-Mu'izz]] dari kotanya di [[Mahdia]] di [[Ifriqiyah]] (kini di [[Tunisia]]) pada 973 M.<ref>[[Cairo#Foundation and expansion]]</ref>

Kota lama yang membentuk Kaherah moden dikenal dengan nama [[bahasa Qibti]]<nowiki/>nya Kahire ({{Lang-cop|ⲕⲁϩⲓⲣⲏ}}), yang berarti "Tempat Matahari", yang mungkin mengacu pada kota kuno [[Heliopolis (Mesir kuno)|Heliopolis]], tempat pemujaan dewa matahari [[Ra (dewa)|Ra]] . Lokasi kota kuno tersebut adalah pinggiran kota Ain Syams ({{lang-ar|عين شمس}}, "Mata Matahari") yang dahulunya dinamakan Khere-Ohe, "Tempat Pertempuran" yakni tempat dipercayai tapak pertempuran mitos antara dewa-dewa [[Seth (dewa)|Seth]] dan [[Horus]].

Orang Mesir sering menyebut nama kota ini sebagai ''{{transl|arz|Maṣr}}'' ({{IPA-arz|mɑsˤɾ|IPA}}; {{lang-arz|مَصر}}) menekankan pentingnya kota ini bagi negara tersebut.

== Sejarah ==

== Geografi ==

=== Iklim dan suhu ===
{{Weather box
|location = Cairo
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|collapsed = {{{collapsed|}}}
|Jan record high C = 31
|Feb record high C = 34.2
|Mar record high C = 37.9
|Apr record high C = 43.2
|May record high C = 47.8
|Jun record high C = 46.4
|Jul record high C = 42.6
|Aug record high C = 43.4
|Sep record high C = 43.7
|Oct record high C = 41
|Nov record high C = 37.4
|Dec record high C = 30.2
|year record high C = 47.8

|Jan high C = 18.9
|Feb high C = 20.4
|Mar high C = 23.5
|Apr high C = 28.3
|May high C = 32
|Jun high C = 33.9
|Jul high C = 34.7
|Aug high C = 34.2
|Sep high C = 32.6
|Oct high C = 29.2
|Nov high C = 24.8
|Dec high C = 20.3
|year high C = 27.7

|Jan mean C = 14.0
|Feb mean C = 15.1
|Mar mean C = 17.6
|Apr mean C = 21.5
|May mean C = 24.9
|Jun mean C = 27.0
|Jul mean C = 28.4
|Aug mean C = 28.2
|Sep mean C = 26.6
|Oct mean C = 23.3
|Nov mean C = 19.5
|Dec mean C = 15.4
|year mean C = 21.8

|Jan low C = 9
|Feb low C = 9.7
|Mar low C = 11.6
|Apr low C = 14.6
|May low C = 17.7
|Jun low C = 20.1
|Jul low C = 22
|Aug low C = 22.1
|Sep low C = 20.5
|Oct low C = 17.4
|Nov low C = 14.1
|Dec low C = 10.4
|year low C = 15.8

|Jan record low C = 1.2
|Feb record low C = 3.6
|Mar record low C = 5
|Apr record low C = 7.6
|May record low C = 12.3
|Jun record low C = 16
|Jul record low C = 18.2
|Aug record low C = 19
|Sep record low C = 14.5
|Oct record low C = 12.3
|Nov record low C = 5.2
|Dec record low C = 3
|year record low C = 1.2

|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm = 5
|Feb precipitation mm = 3.8
|Mar precipitation mm = 3.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 1.1
|May precipitation mm = 0.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 0.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 0
|Aug precipitation mm = 0
|Sep precipitation mm = 0
|Oct precipitation mm = 0.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 3.8
|Dec precipitation mm = 5.9
|year precipitation mm = 24.7

|unit precipitation days = 0.01&nbsp;mm
|Jan precipitation days = 3.5
|Feb precipitation days = 2.7
|Mar precipitation days = 1.9
|Apr precipitation days = 0.9
|May precipitation days = 0.5
|Jun precipitation days = 0.1
|Jul precipitation days = 0
|Aug precipitation days = 0
|Sep precipitation days = 0
|Oct precipitation days = 0.5
|Nov precipitation days = 1.3
|Dec precipitation days = 2.8
|year precipitation days = 14.2

|Jan sun = 213
|Feb sun = 234
|Mar sun = 269
|Apr sun = 291
|May sun = 324
|Jun sun = 357
|Jul sun = 363
|Aug sun = 351
|Sep sun = 311
|Oct sun = 292
|Nov sun = 248
|Dec sun = 198
|year sun = 3451

|Jan humidity = 59
|Feb humidity = 54
|Mar humidity = 53
|Apr humidity = 47
|May humidity = 46
|Jun humidity = 49
|Jul humidity = 58
|Aug humidity = 61
|Sep humidity = 60
|Oct humidity = 60
|Nov humidity = 61
|Dec humidity = 61
|year humidity = 56

| Jan uv =4
| Feb uv =5
| Mar uv =7
| Apr uv =9
| May uv =10
| Jun uv =11.5
| Jul uv =11.5
| Aug uv =11
| Sep uv =9
| Oct uv =7
| Nov uv =5
| Dec uv =3

|source 1 = ''[[World Meteorological Organization]] (UN)'' (1971&ndash;2000),<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.worldweather.org/059/c00248.htm
| title = Weather Information for Cairo
| publisher = World Meteorological Organization
| accessdate = April 14, 2014}}</ref> ''[[NOAA]]'' for mean, record high and low and humidity<ref name="NOAA">
{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/UB/62366.TXT
| title = Cairo (A) Climate Normals 1961&ndash;1990
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|accessdate = 14 April 2014}}</ref>

|source 2= ''Danish Meteorological Institute'' for sunshine (1931&ndash;1960),<ref name=DMI>{{cite web
| last1 = Cappelen
| first1 = John
| last2 = Jensen
| first2 = Jens
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130427173827/http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf
| archivedate = April 27, 2013
| url = http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf
| work = Climate Data for Selected Stations (1931-1960)
| title = Egypten - Cairo
| publisher = Danish Meteorological Institute
| page = 82
| language = Denmark
| accessdate = April 14, 2014}}</ref>
Weather2Travel (ultraviolet)<ref>{{cite web |title=Cairo Climate Guide: Monthly Weather, Egypt |url=//www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/egypt/cairo.php |accessdate=29 June 2019}}</ref>

}}

== Ekonomi==
==Lihat juga ==
* [[Universiti al-Azhar]]
* [[Universiti al-Azhar]]


Semakan pada 17:44, 29 November 2020

Kaherah
القـــاهــرة al-Qāhira
Menara Kaherah, Kaherah
Menara Kaherah, Kaherah
Bendera Kaherah
Bendera
Negara Mesir
GovernorateCairo Governorate
Pentadbiran
 • GabenorDr. Abdul Azim Wazir
Keluasan
 • Bandar Raya214 km2 (83 batu persegi)
Penduduk
 (2006[1][2])
 • Bandar Raya7,947,121
 • Kepadatan37,136/km2 (96,180/batu persegi)
 • Metro
17,285,000
Zon waktuUTC+2 (EET)
 • Musim panas (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Laman sesawangwww.cairo.gov.eg

Kaherah (Arab: القاهرة‎ ​ ditransliterasikan sebagai al-Qāhira), yang bermaksud "berjaya", ialah ibu negara dan bandar terbesar di Mesir. Ia merupakan Dunia Arab terbesar [3] serta bandar yang paling padat penduduk di Afrika.[4]

Penamaan

Nama bahasa Arab kota yang diserapkan ke dalam nama bahasa Melayunya, al-Qāhirah  (Arab: القاهرة) bererti "pemenang" atau "penakluk", ia dipercayai berkaitan dengan kejadian terbitnya Marikh atau gelarannya an-Najm al-Qāhir (Arab: النجم القاهر "Bintang Penakluk") semasa kota ini ditubuhkan[5][6] atau ketibaan Khalifah Fatimiyah Al-Mu'izz dari kotanya di Mahdia di Ifriqiyah (kini di Tunisia) pada 973 M.[7]

Kota lama yang membentuk Kaherah moden dikenal dengan nama bahasa Qibtinya Kahire (Bahasa Qibti: ⲕⲁϩⲓⲣⲏ), yang berarti "Tempat Matahari", yang mungkin mengacu pada kota kuno Heliopolis, tempat pemujaan dewa matahari Ra . Lokasi kota kuno tersebut adalah pinggiran kota Ain Syams (Arab: عين شمس, "Mata Matahari") yang dahulunya dinamakan Khere-Ohe, "Tempat Pertempuran" yakni tempat dipercayai tapak pertempuran mitos antara dewa-dewa Seth dan Horus.

Orang Mesir sering menyebut nama kota ini sebagai Maṣr (IPA: [mɑsˤɾ]; Arab Mesir: مَصر) menekankan pentingnya kota ini bagi negara tersebut.

Sejarah

Geografi

Iklim dan suhu

Data iklim untuk Cairo
Bulan Jan Feb Mac Apr Mei Jun Jul Ogo Sep Okt Nov Dis Tahun
Rekod tinggi suhu, °C (°F) 31
(88) 		34.2
(93.6) 		37.9
(100.2) 		43.2
(109.8) 		47.8
(118.0) 		46.4
(115.5) 		42.6
(108.7) 		43.4
(110.1) 		43.7
(110.7) 		41
(106) 		37.4
(99.3) 		30.2
(86.4) 		47.8
(118.0)
Purata maksimum suhu harian, °C (°F) 18.9
(66.0) 		20.4
(68.7) 		23.5
(74.3) 		28.3
(82.9) 		32
(90) 		33.9
(93.0) 		34.7
(94.5) 		34.2
(93.6) 		32.6
(90.7) 		29.2
(84.6) 		24.8
(76.6) 		20.3
(68.5) 		27.7
(81.9)
Purata suhu harian, °C (°F) 14.0
(57.2) 		15.1
(59.2) 		17.6
(63.7) 		21.5
(70.7) 		24.9
(76.8) 		27.0
(80.6) 		28.4
(83.1) 		28.2
(82.8) 		26.6
(79.9) 		23.3
(73.9) 		19.5
(67.1) 		15.4
(59.7) 		21.8
(71.2)
Purata minimum suhu harian, °C (°F) 9
(48) 		9.7
(49.5) 		11.6
(52.9) 		14.6
(58.3) 		17.7
(63.9) 		20.1
(68.2) 		22
(72) 		22.1
(71.8) 		20.5
(68.9) 		17.4
(63.3) 		14.1
(57.4) 		10.4
(50.7) 		15.8
(60.4)
Rekod rendah suhu, °C (°F) 1.2
(34.2) 		3.6
(38.5) 		5
(41) 		7.6
(45.7) 		12.3
(54.1) 		16
(61) 		18.2
(64.8) 		19
(66) 		14.5
(58.1) 		12.3
(54.1) 		5.2
(41.4) 		3
(37) 		1.2
(34.2)
Purata kerpasan, mm (inci) 5
(0.2) 		3.8
(0.15) 		3.8
(0.15) 		1.1
(0.04) 		0.5
(0.02) 		0.1
(0.00) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0.7
(0.03) 		3.8
(0.15) 		5.9
(0.23) 		24.7
(0.97)
Purata bilangan hari kerpasan (≥ 0.01 mm) 3.5 2.7 1.9 0.9 0.5 0.1 0 0 0 0.5 1.3 2.8 14.2
Purata kelembapan relatif (%) 59 54 53 47 46 49 58 61 60 60 61 61 56
Purata bulanan jangka masa sinaran matahari 213 234 269 291 324 357 363 351 311 292 248 198 3,451
Purata indeks ultraungu 4 5 7 9 10 11.5 11.5 11 9 7 5 3 7.8
Sumber 1: World Meteorological Organization (UN) (1971–2000),[8] NOAA for mean, record high and low and humidity[9]
Sumber 2: Danish Meteorological Institute for sunshine (1931–1960),[10]

Weather2Travel (ultraviolet)[11]

Ekonomi

Lihat juga

Rujukan

  1. ^ Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics, Population and Housing Census 2006, Governorate level, Population distribution by sex (excel-file) Adjusted census result, as Helwan governorate was created on the 17th of April 2008 from a.o. parts of the Cairo governorate.
  2. ^ Arab Republic of Egypt, Towards an Urban Sector Strategy p.33 Table 3.3
  3. ^ List of largest cities of the Arab League
  4. ^ [1]
  5. ^ Towards a Shi'i Mediterranean Empire: Fatimid Egypt and the Founding of Cairo. I.B. Tauris. 2009. m/s. 78. ISBN 978-0-85771-742-9.
  6. ^ Abdurrahman Zaki (عبد الرحمن زكي‎) (1966). القاهرة تاريخها وآثارها (969 - 1825) من جوهر القائد إلى الجبرتي المؤرخ. Dar al-Ta'lif wal Tarjamat.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ Cairo#Foundation and expansion
  8. ^ "Weather Information for Cairo". World Meteorological Organization. Dicapai pada April 14, 2014.
  9. ^ "Cairo (A) Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Dicapai pada 14 April 2014.
  10. ^ Cappelen, John; Jensen, Jens. "Egypten - Cairo" (PDF). Climate Data for Selected Stations (1931-1960) (dalam bahasa Denmark). Danish Meteorological Institute. m/s. 82. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada April 27, 2013. Dicapai pada April 14, 2014.
  11. ^ "Cairo Climate Guide: Monthly Weather, Egypt". Dicapai pada 29 June 2019.

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