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Semakan pada 07:14, 26 Oktober 2021

Political career

Mayor of Surakarta

After first joining PDI-P in 2004, Jokowi ran in the mayoral race in Surakarta in 2005 with F. X. Hadi Rudyatmo as his running mate, with the support of PDI-P and the National Awakening Party.^[1]^[2] The pair won 36.62% of the vote against the incumbent Slamet Suryanto and two other candidates. During the campaign, many questioned his background as a property and furniture businessman. However, one academic paper claimed his leadership style was successful because it established an interactive relationship with the people, through which he was able to induce people's strong faith in him.^[3] He adopted the development framework of European cities (which he frequently travelled to as a businessman) as a guide for changes in Surakarta.^[4]

His notable policies as mayor included:^[5] Building new traditional markets and renovating existing markets, constructing a 7-km city walk with a 3-meter wide pedestrian walkway along Surakarta's main street, revitalising the Balekambang and Sriwedari parks, employing stricter regulations on cutting down trees along the city's main streets, rebranding the city as a centre of Javanese culture and tourism under the tagline 'The Spirit of Java', promoting the city as a centre for meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions (MICE), launching healthcare and education insurance program for all residents, a local bus rapid transit system named Batik Solo Trans and a Solo Techno Park, which helped support the Esemka Indonesian car project.^[6] It was during his tenure as mayor that he conducted the blusukan, an impromptu visit to specific areas to listen to people's issues, which proved popular later in his political career. He also prohibited his family members from bidding for city projects, therefore suppressing the risk of corruption. His policies brought him into conflict with then provincial governor Bibit Waluyo, who on one occasion called Jokowi a "fool" for the latter's opposition to a provincial construction project in Surakarta.^[7]

His supporters pointed to rapid positive changes in Surakarta under his leadership and the city's branding with the motto 'Solo: The Spirit of Java'. While in office, he successfully relocated antique stalls in the Banjarsari Gardens without incident, a helpful move in revitalising the functions of the open green land; he emphasised the importance of business firms engaging in community activities; he improved communications with the local community by appearing regularly on local television. As a follow-up of the city's new branding, he applied for Surakarta to become a member of the Organization of World Heritage Cities, which was approved in 2006, and subsequently had the city chosen to host the organisation's conference in October 2008. In 2007, Surakarta had also hosted the World Music Festival (Festival Musik Dunia/FMD), held at the complex of Fort Vastenburg near the centre of the city. The following year, it was held in the Mangkunegaran Palace Complex.

Part of Jokowi's style was his populist 'can-do' (punya gaye) elements designed to build bonds with the broad electorate.^[3] As mayor, he became personally involved in an incident just before Christmas 2011 when the Surakarta municipality had overdue bills of close to $1 million (IDR 8.9 billion) owed to the state-owned electricity company Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN). Following its policy of pursuing a more disciplined approach to collecting overdue bills, it imposed a blackout on street lights in the city just before Christmas. The city government quickly authorised payment, but in settling the bill, protested that the PLN should consider the public interest before taking such action. To reinforce the point, Jokowi made a highly publicised personal visit to the local PLN office to deliver the IDR 8.9 billion in cash in the form of hundreds of bundles of notes and even small coins.^[8]

In 2010, he was re-elected for a second term, again running with Hadi. They won 90.09% of the vote, losing in only a single polling station.^[9] He was later chosen as the 'Tempo Leader of Choice' by Tempo news magazine (2008) and received a 'Changemakers Award' from Republika newspaper (2010); his name also started being considered in national polls for the governorship of Jakarta, long before PDI-P's nomination, including those by University of Indonesia and Cyrus Network (2011).^[3]

In 2012, Jokowi faced a smear campaign after declaring his intention to run for the governorship of Jakarta.^[10] A group calling itself Save Solo, Save Jakarta and Save Indonesia Team (TS3) reported him to the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) for allegedly having facilitated misuse of education funds by his subordinates in Surakarta in 2010. The KPK investigated the allegation, found it was based on false data and said there was no indication Jokowi had misappropriated funds.^[11]

Governor of Jakarta

Jokowi's two versions of official portrait as Governor of Jakarta (2012)

Despite disappointment from some Surakarta residents that he would not complete his second term as mayor,^[12] Jokowi ran in the 2012 Jakarta gubernatorial election and defeated the incumbent Fauzi Bowo in a runoff round.^[13] His inner circle of advisers in Jakarta reportedly included people such as FX Hadi 'Rudy' Rudyatmo, Sumartono Hadinoto and Anggit Nugroho, who were colleagues while he was mayor of Surakarta, as well as Basuki Tjahaja Purnama ("Ahok"), his deputy as governor of Jakarta.^[14]^[15] Jokowi continued the blusukan practice he had adopted as mayor of Surakarta by regularly visiting population centers, especially slums. During these visits, he wore simple, informal clothes and stopped at markets or walked along narrow Jakarta alleys to listen and witness firsthand issues addressed by residents, such as the price of food, housing difficulties, flooding, and transportation. Polling and media coverage suggested that his hands-on style proved very popular both in Jakarta and elsewhere across Indonesia.^[16]

After taking office, taxes and Jakarta's provincial budget increased significantly from IDR 41 trillion in 2012 to IDR 72 trillion in 2014.^[17]^[18] Both Jokowi and Ahok publicised their monthly salary and the provincial budget.^[19]^[20] They also initiated programs aimed towards transparency, such as online taxes, e-budgeting, e-purchasing, and a cash management system.^[19] Moreover, all meetings and activities that Jokowi and Ahok attended were recorded and uploaded on YouTube.^[21]

In healthcare, Jokowi introduced a universal health care program, the 'Healthy Jakarta Card' (Kartu Jakarta Sehat, KJS).^[22] It involved an insurance program provided through state-owned insurance company PT Askes Indonesia (Persero) and a plan to regulate health charges for treatment for over 20,000 services and procedures.^[23] The program was criticised for confusion over details of the implementation and long queues,^[24] though Jokowi defended it and counselled patience. In education, Jokowi launched the 'Smart Jakarta Card' (Kartu Jakarta Pintar, KJP) on 1 December 2012 to help needy students. It gives an allowance that can be withdrawn from ATMs for buying school needs such as books and uniforms.^[25]

His administration's other notable policies include a system of bureaucratic recruitment called lelang jabatan (literally 'auction of office position'), giving every civil servant the same opportunity to achieve a certain position by fulfilling the required qualifications,^[26] regulation of the chaotic agglomeration of street vendors in Pasar Minggu and Pasar Tanah Abang,^[27]^[28] the dredging and reservoir normalisation projects to reduce flooding,^[29]^[30]^[31] and the inauguration of long-delayed Jakarta MRT and Jakarta LRT.^[32]^[33] As governor, Jokowi also appointed a non-Muslim 'lurah' (subdistrict chief) for the Muslim-majority subdistrict of Lenteng Agung despite protests by some residents.^[34] Former deputy governor Prijanto claimed that Widodo had carried out maladministration when abusing government certificate asset of BMW Park by formalising another expired certificate.^[35]

In 2013, Jokowi was reported to the National Commission on Human Rights over the eviction of the squatters near Pluit. In previous "political contracts", he had vowed not to evict residents to distant locations.^[36]^[37] Jokowi met with Pluit residents and Komnas HAM to explain the evictions were necessary for restoring water catchment to reduce flooding and that families were being relocated to low-cost apartments.^[38]^[39]

Multilateral meetings

Multilateral meetings of the following intergovernmental organizations are scheduled to take place during Biden's term in office.

Group	Year
Group	2021	2022	2023	2024
APEC	November, (virtual)^[40] Auckland	TBD, Bangkok	TBD, Mexico City	TBD, Bandar Seri Begawan
EAS (ASEAN)	November, Bandar Seri Begawan	Akan diumumkan	Akan diumumkan	Akan diumumkan
G7	June 11–13, Carbis Bay	TBD, Jerman	TBD, Jepun	TBD, Itali
G20	October 30–31, Rome	TBD, Bali	TBD, India	TBD, Brazil
NATO	June 14, Brussels	TBD, Madrid	TBD, Lithuania	Akan diumumkan
SOA (OAS)	none	TBD, Miami	none	Akan diumumkan
UNCCC	November 1–2, Glasgow	Akan diumumkan	Akan diumumkan	Akan diumumkan
██ = Future event

^ "Sejarah Pemerintahan" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). Pemerintah Kota Surakarta. 24 January 2017. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 23 January 2017. Dicapai pada 4 November 2017.
^ "Begini Perjalanan Politik Jokowi, Si 'Capres Kerempeng'" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). detik. 20 October 2014. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 12 October 2016. Dicapai pada 13 October 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c Indrananto, Cahyadi (June 2012). "Local Leaders as Agents: Dramaturgy on Political Communications of City Mayor Joko Widodo of Solo". Scribd. Dicapai pada 27 January 2014.
^ "Joko Widodo Raih Penghargaan Best City Award Asia Tenggara" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). Solo Pos. 9 August 2012. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 26 February 2021. Dicapai pada 26 February 2021.
^ "Poor Stagnate While City Thrives". The Jakarta Post. 18 November 2013. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 24 December 2013. Dicapai pada 24 December 2013.
^ Ayuningtyas, Kusumasari (3 January 2012). "Surakarta mayor uses car made by vocational schools students". The Jakarta Post. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 24 December 2013. Dicapai pada 24 December 2013.
^ N Raditya, Iswara (9 February 2019). "Sejarah Polemik Jokowi vs Bibit Waluyo yang Diklaim Dukung Prabowo" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). Tirto.id. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 24 December 2020. Dicapai pada 20 December 2020.
^ Ayuningtyas, Kusumasari (4 January 2012). "Residents of Surakarta accompany mayor to pay PLN". The Jakarta Post. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 21 September 2013. Dicapai pada 21 September 2013.
^ "Kemenangan Fenomenal Jokowi-Rudy" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). KOMPAS. 21 May 2010. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 22 August 2011. Dicapai pada 3 August 2018.
^ Sasmita, Ira (8 August 2012). "Fitnah Ibu Jokowi, Rhoma Terancam Dipidanakan". Republika. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 16 November 2012. Dicapai pada 3 March 2021.
^ "No Jokowi trails in education fund corruption, says KPK". The Jakarta Post. 15 October 2014. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 16 October 2014. Dicapai pada 3 March 2021.
^ Ayuningtyas, Kusumasari (20 March 2012). "Surakarta residents disappointed by Jokowi's Jakarta bid". The Jakarta Post. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 22 March 2012. Dicapai pada 22 March 2012.
^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; teks bagi rujukan jakartapostrealbattle tidak disediakan
^ Dewi, Sita W. (20 November 2013). "Man of the house, man of the moment". The Jakarta Post. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 21 November 2013. Dicapai pada 21 November 2013.
^ "Jokowi's star appeal: Making hay while sun shines". The Jakarta Post. 18 November 2013. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 20 November 2013. Dicapai pada 20 November 2013.
^ "Editorial: Start working, Jokowi". The Jakarta Post. 22 January 2013. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 25 January 2013. Dicapai pada 25 January 2013.
^ Suryowati, Estu (17 March 2014). "Dipimpin Jokowi, Pendapatan DKI Naik Rp 31 Triliun dalam Setahun" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). KOMPAS. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 28 March 2019. Dicapai pada 20 March 2014.
^ Pernyataan PAD 72 Triliun diralat sebagai APBD, bukan PAD oleh Kepala Dinas Pelayanan Pajak DKI Jakarta Iwan Setiawandi
^ ^a ^b "Menlu Inggris dukung transparansi Jokowi" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). BBC. 28 January 2014. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 10 September 2017. Dicapai pada 15 March 2014.
^ Ray, Jordan (14 March 2013). "Transparansi Jokowi, Ini Dia Poster APBD 2013" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). detik. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 17 March 2013. Dicapai pada 15 March 2014.
^ Juwari, Ahmad (14 November 2012). "Ini Alasan Jokowi Setuju Rapat Pemprov DKI Ditampilkan di Youtube" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). detik. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 17 November 2012. Dicapai pada 15 March 2014.
^ McCawley, Tom (November 2013). "Overdue Antidote" (PDF). Asian Development Bank. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 24 December 2013. Dicapai pada 24 December 2013.
^ "'Jokowi-care' a pilot project for upcoming national health plan". The Jakarta Post. 22 December 2013. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 23 December 2013. Dicapai pada 23 December 2013.
^ "A report card for Jakarta'shealthcare program". The Jakarta Post. 22 December 2013. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 22 December 2013. Dicapai pada 22 December 2013.
^ "Kartu Jakarta Pintar diluncurkan" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). Antara News. 1 December 2012. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 4 December 2012. Dicapai pada 4 December 2012.
^ "Leading and shaping a unified, high performing APS". Australian Public Service Commission. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 25 July 2015. Dicapai pada 24 July 2015.
^ Sa'diyah, Halimatus (13 November 2013). "Jokowi Resmikan Lokasi Baru 'PKL' Pasar Minggu"" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). Republika. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 22 October 2018. Dicapai pada 22 October 2018.
^ "PKL: Jokowi Doang Gubernur yang Bisa Rombak Tanah Abang" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). detik. 21 August 2013. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 22 October 2018. Dicapai pada 22 October 2018.
^ "Diplomasi Makan Siang Jokowi dan Warga Waduk Pluit Berlanjut Pekan Depan" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). detik. 21 June 2013. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 14 January 2020. Dicapai pada 21 June 2013.
^ Riz (29 January 2014). "BPBD: Berkat Kerja Jokowi, Banjir 2014 Tak Separah 2013" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). Liputan6. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 9 October 2018. Dicapai pada 15 March 2014.
^ Lestari, Mustiana (21 November 2013). "Perdana Menteri Belanda nilai Jokowi pemimpin hebat" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). Merdeka. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 24 November 2013. Dicapai pada 15 March 2014.
^ "Proyek Pembangunan MRT Jakarta Resmi Dimulai" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). VOA Indonesia. 10 October 2013. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 29 July 2017. Dicapai pada 15 March 2014.
^ Margi, Raditya (9 September 2015). "Jokowi kicks off LRT construction". The Jakarta Post. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 12 September 2015. Dicapai pada 21 September 2015.
^ Dewi, Sita W. (29 August 2013). "Jokowi stands by Christian subdistrict head". The Jakarta Post. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 1 September 2013. Dicapai pada 9 October 2019.
^ Faqih, Mansyur (21 May 2014). "Prijanto: Jokowi Tak Paham Administrasi" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). Republika. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 4 August 2020. Dicapai pada 20 December 2020.
^ Buhori, Imam (27 August 2013). "Alami kekerasan, Warga Waduk Pluit laporkan Jokowi ke Komnas HAM" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). Merdeka. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 3 March 2021. Dicapai pada 18 May 2020.
^ "'Remember your promises,'city's poor tell Jokowi in daily rallies". The Jakarta Post. 16 March 2016. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 17 March 2016. Dicapai pada 9 October 2019.
^ Dewi, Sita W. (18 May 2013). "Governor and human rights body meet on Pluit, at long last". The Jakarta Post. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 7 June 2013. Dicapai pada 3 March 2021.
^ Dewi, Sita W. (22 May 2013). "Jokowi sits at same table with Pluit Dam residents". The Jakarta Post. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 7 June 2013. Dicapai pada 3 March 2021.
^ Perry, Nick (June 30, 2020). "New Zealand cancels 2021 APEC summit, will lead it virtually". Associated Press. Dicapai pada April 28, 2021.

[1] "Sejarah Pemerintahan" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). Pemerintah Kota Surakarta. 24 January 2017. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 23 January 2017. Dicapai pada 4 November 2017.

[2] "Begini Perjalanan Politik Jokowi, Si 'Capres Kerempeng'" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). detik. 20 October 2014. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 12 October 2016. Dicapai pada 13 October 2018.

[scribd.com-3] Indrananto, Cahyadi (June 2012). "Local Leaders as Agents: Dramaturgy on Political Communications of City Mayor Joko Widodo of Solo". Scribd. Dicapai pada 27 January 2014.

[4] "Joko Widodo Raih Penghargaan Best City Award Asia Tenggara" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). Solo Pos. 9 August 2012. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 26 February 2021. Dicapai pada 26 February 2021.

[5] "Poor Stagnate While City Thrives". The Jakarta Post. 18 November 2013. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 24 December 2013. Dicapai pada 24 December 2013.

[6] Ayuningtyas, Kusumasari (3 January 2012). "Surakarta mayor uses car made by vocational schools students". The Jakarta Post. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 24 December 2013. Dicapai pada 24 December 2013.

[7] N Raditya, Iswara (9 February 2019). "Sejarah Polemik Jokowi vs Bibit Waluyo yang Diklaim Dukung Prabowo" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). Tirto.id. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 24 December 2020. Dicapai pada 20 December 2020.

[8] Ayuningtyas, Kusumasari (4 January 2012). "Residents of Surakarta accompany mayor to pay PLN". The Jakarta Post. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 21 September 2013. Dicapai pada 21 September 2013.

[9] "Kemenangan Fenomenal Jokowi-Rudy" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). KOMPAS. 21 May 2010. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 22 August 2011. Dicapai pada 3 August 2018.

[10] Sasmita, Ira (8 August 2012). "Fitnah Ibu Jokowi, Rhoma Terancam Dipidanakan". Republika. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 16 November 2012. Dicapai pada 3 March 2021.

[11] "No Jokowi trails in education fund corruption, says KPK". The Jakarta Post. 15 October 2014. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 16 October 2014. Dicapai pada 3 March 2021.

[12] Ayuningtyas, Kusumasari (20 March 2012). "Surakarta residents disappointed by Jokowi's Jakarta bid". The Jakarta Post. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 22 March 2012. Dicapai pada 22 March 2012.

[jakartapostrealbattle-13] Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; teks bagi rujukan jakartapostrealbattle tidak disediakan

[14] Dewi, Sita W. (20 November 2013). "Man of the house, man of the moment". The Jakarta Post. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 21 November 2013. Dicapai pada 21 November 2013.

[15] "Jokowi's star appeal: Making hay while sun shines". The Jakarta Post. 18 November 2013. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 20 November 2013. Dicapai pada 20 November 2013.

[16] "Editorial: Start working, Jokowi". The Jakarta Post. 22 January 2013. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 25 January 2013. Dicapai pada 25 January 2013.

[17] Suryowati, Estu (17 March 2014). "Dipimpin Jokowi, Pendapatan DKI Naik Rp 31 Triliun dalam Setahun" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). KOMPAS. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 28 March 2019. Dicapai pada 20 March 2014.

[18] Pernyataan PAD 72 Triliun diralat sebagai APBD, bukan PAD oleh Kepala Dinas Pelayanan Pajak DKI Jakarta Iwan Setiawandi

[bbcjokowi-19] "Menlu Inggris dukung transparansi Jokowi" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). BBC. 28 January 2014. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 10 September 2017. Dicapai pada 15 March 2014.

[20] Ray, Jordan (14 March 2013). "Transparansi Jokowi, Ini Dia Poster APBD 2013" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). detik. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 17 March 2013. Dicapai pada 15 March 2014.

[21] Juwari, Ahmad (14 November 2012). "Ini Alasan Jokowi Setuju Rapat Pemprov DKI Ditampilkan di Youtube" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). detik. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 17 November 2012. Dicapai pada 15 March 2014.

[22] McCawley, Tom (November 2013). "Overdue Antidote" (PDF). Asian Development Bank. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 24 December 2013. Dicapai pada 24 December 2013.

[23] "'Jokowi-care' a pilot project for upcoming national health plan". The Jakarta Post. 22 December 2013. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 23 December 2013. Dicapai pada 23 December 2013.

[24] "A report card for Jakarta'shealthcare program". The Jakarta Post. 22 December 2013. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 22 December 2013. Dicapai pada 22 December 2013.

[25] "Kartu Jakarta Pintar diluncurkan" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). Antara News. 1 December 2012. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 4 December 2012. Dicapai pada 4 December 2012.

[26] "Leading and shaping a unified, high performing APS". Australian Public Service Commission. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 25 July 2015. Dicapai pada 24 July 2015.

[27] Sa'diyah, Halimatus (13 November 2013). "Jokowi Resmikan Lokasi Baru 'PKL' Pasar Minggu"" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). Republika. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 22 October 2018. Dicapai pada 22 October 2018.

[28] "PKL: Jokowi Doang Gubernur yang Bisa Rombak Tanah Abang" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). detik. 21 August 2013. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 22 October 2018. Dicapai pada 22 October 2018.

[29] "Diplomasi Makan Siang Jokowi dan Warga Waduk Pluit Berlanjut Pekan Depan" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). detik. 21 June 2013. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 14 January 2020. Dicapai pada 21 June 2013.

[30] Riz (29 January 2014). "BPBD: Berkat Kerja Jokowi, Banjir 2014 Tak Separah 2013" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). Liputan6. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 9 October 2018. Dicapai pada 15 March 2014.

[31] Lestari, Mustiana (21 November 2013). "Perdana Menteri Belanda nilai Jokowi pemimpin hebat" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). Merdeka. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 24 November 2013. Dicapai pada 15 March 2014.

[32] "Proyek Pembangunan MRT Jakarta Resmi Dimulai" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). VOA Indonesia. 10 October 2013. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 29 July 2017. Dicapai pada 15 March 2014.

[33] Margi, Raditya (9 September 2015). "Jokowi kicks off LRT construction". The Jakarta Post. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 12 September 2015. Dicapai pada 21 September 2015.

[34] Dewi, Sita W. (29 August 2013). "Jokowi stands by Christian subdistrict head". The Jakarta Post. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 1 September 2013. Dicapai pada 9 October 2019.

[35] Faqih, Mansyur (21 May 2014). "Prijanto: Jokowi Tak Paham Administrasi" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). Republika. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 4 August 2020. Dicapai pada 20 December 2020.

[36] Buhori, Imam (27 August 2013). "Alami kekerasan, Warga Waduk Pluit laporkan Jokowi ke Komnas HAM" (dalam bahasa Indonesia). Merdeka. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 3 March 2021. Dicapai pada 18 May 2020.

[37] "'Remember your promises,'city's poor tell Jokowi in daily rallies". The Jakarta Post. 16 March 2016. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 17 March 2016. Dicapai pada 9 October 2019.

[38] Dewi, Sita W. (18 May 2013). "Governor and human rights body meet on Pluit, at long last". The Jakarta Post. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 7 June 2013. Dicapai pada 3 March 2021.

[39] Dewi, Sita W. (22 May 2013). "Jokowi sits at same table with Pluit Dam residents". The Jakarta Post. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 7 June 2013. Dicapai pada 3 March 2021.

[40] Perry, Nick (June 30, 2020). "New Zealand cancels 2021 APEC summit, will lead it virtually". Associated Press. Dicapai pada April 28, 2021.

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@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
+==Political career==
-== Kehidupan awal dan kerjaya ==
+===Mayor of Surakarta===
-Joko Widodo dilahirkan dengan nama Mulyono pada 21 Jun 1961 di [[Surakarta]]<ref name="Presiden-RI-JW"/> dan berketurunan [[suku Jawa|Jawa]].<ref name="Name">{{cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/x/detail/investigasi/20170113/Kisah-Mulyono-Menjadi-Joko-Widodo/|title=The Story of Mulyono Becoming Joko Widodo|publisher=detik|language=id|author=Deden Gunawan; Ibad Durohman|date=14 January 2017|access-date=27 July 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829175915/https://news.detik.com/x/detail/investigasi/20170113/Kisah-Mulyono-Menjadi-Joko-Widodo/|archive-date=29 August 2020}}</ref> Beliau ialah anak sulung daripada empat adik-beradik dan merupakan satu-satunya anak kepada Noto Mihardjo (bapa) dan Sudjiatmi Notomihardjo (ibu). Beliau mempunyai tiga adik perempuan bernama Iit Sriyantini, Ida Yati, dan Titik Relawati.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jakarta.okezone.com/read/2012/09/20/505/692389/jokowi-kenalkan-adik-dan-ibu-kandungnya-ke-publik|title=Jokowi Kenalkan Adik dan Ibu Kandungnya ke Publik|publisher=Okezone|language=id|author=Anggriawan, Fiddy|date=20 September 2012|access-date=29 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920193221/http://jakarta.okezone.com/read/2012/09/20/505/692389/jokowi-kenalkan-adik-dan-ibu-kandungnya-ke-publik|archive-date=20 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/06/30/furniture-business-propels-jokowi-s-path-prominence.html|title=Furniture business propels Jokowi's path to prominence|publisher=The Jakarta Post|author=Hasyim Widhiarto and Kusumari Ayuningtyas|date=30 June 2014|access-date=20 February 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826105521/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/06/30/furniture-business-propels-jokowi-s-path-prominence.html|archive-date=26 August 2014}}</ref> Bapanya berasal dari Karanganyar, manakala datuk dan neneknya berasal dari sebuah kampung di [[Kabupaten Boyolali|Boyolali]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.metrotvnews.com/read/2014/05/24/245340/dihadapan-pimpinan-muhammadiyah-jokowi-bantah-anti-islam|title=Dihadapan Pimpinan Muhammadiyah, Jokowi Bantah Anti Islam|publisher=MetroTV News|language=id|author=Daryono, Adhi M|date=24 May 2014|access-date=26 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723172409/http://news.metrotvnews.com/read/2014/05/24/245340/dihadapan-pimpinan-muhammadiyah-jokowi-bantah-anti-islam|archive-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> Jokowi sering jatuh sakit semasa beliau masih kecil, dan namanya dengan demikian berubah—amalan biasa dalam budaya Jawa—kepada Joko Widodo, dengan ''widodo'' yang bermaksud "sihat" dalam [[bahasa Jawa]].<ref name="Name"/> Pada usia 12 tahun, Jokowi mula bekerja di bengkel perabot bapanya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beritasatu.com/mobile/hiburan/41934-jokowi-anak-tergusur-mau-jadi-gubernur.html|title=Jokowi Anak Tergusur Mau Jadi Gubernur|publisher=Berita Satu|language=id|author=Thayrun, Yon|date=11 April 2012|access-date=29 March 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626205042/http://www.beritasatu.com/mobile/hiburan/41934-jokowi-anak-tergusur-mau-jadi-gubernur.html|archive-date=26 June 2012}}</ref><ref name="bantaran">{{cite web|url=https://inilah.com/news/1882818/dari-bantaran-kali-menuju-dki-1|title=Dari Bantaran Kali Menuju DKI-1|publisher=Inilahcom|language=id|author=Segu, Vinsensiu|date=16 July 2012|access-date=29 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718190551/http://metropolitan.inilah.com/read/detail/1882818/dari-bantaran-kali-menuju-dki-1|archive-date=18 July 2012}}</ref> Sepanjang zaman kanak-kanaknya, keluarga beliau sentiasa menghadapi pengusiran dari tuan-tuan tanah mereka. Ini sangat memberi kesan kepada beliau, dan kemudian dalam kerjayanya, beliau menganjurkan perumahan perubatan di [[Surakarta]] selama bertahun-tahun beliau sebagai Datuk Bandar bandar itu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribunnews.com/lifestyle/2012/09/21/jokowi-kecil-rumah-digusur-tiga-kali-pindah-kontrakan|title=Jokowi Kecil, Rumah Digusur, Tiga Kali Pindah Kontrakan|publisher=Tribunnews|language=id|date=21 September 2012|access-date=29 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925073029/http://www.tribunnews.com/2012/09/21/jokowi-kecil-rumah-digusur-tiga-kali-pindah-kontrakan|archive-date=25 September 2012}}</ref>
+[[File:Official Portrait of Joko Widodo as the Mayor of Surakarta.jpg|thumb|Official Portrait of Joko Widodo as the Mayor of Surakarta]]
+[[File:Mayor of Surakarta and Vice Mayor of Surakarta in wayang costumes.jpg|thumb|Jokowi as Surakarta's mayor and his deputy [[F. X. Hadi Rudyatmo]] in traditional Javanese ''[[wayang wong]]'' costume.]]
+After first joining PDI-P in 2004, Jokowi ran in the [[2005 Surakarta mayoral election|mayoral race in Surakarta in 2005]] with [[F. X. Hadi Rudyatmo]] as his running mate, with the support of PDI-P and the [[National Awakening Party]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.surakarta.go.id/konten/sejarah-pemerintahan|title=Sejarah Pemerintahan|publisher=Pemerintah Kota Surakarta|language=id|date=24 January 2017|access-date=4 November 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123174139/http://www.surakarta.go.id/konten/sejarah-pemerintahan|archive-date=23 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-2723501/begini-perjalanan-politik-jokowi-si-capres-kerempeng|title=Begini Perjalanan Politik Jokowi, Si 'Capres Kerempeng'|publisher=detik|language=id|date=20 October 2014|access-date=13 October 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012211038/https://news.detik.com/berita/2723501/begini-perjalanan-politik-jokowi-si-capres-kerempeng|archive-date=12 October 2016}}</ref> The pair won 36.62% of the vote against the incumbent [[Slamet Suryanto]] and two other candidates. During the campaign, many questioned his background as a property and furniture businessman. However, one academic paper claimed his leadership style was successful because it established an interactive relationship with the people, through which he was able to induce people's strong faith in him.<ref name="scribd.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/95952212/Thesis-Local-Leaders-as-Agents-Dramaturgy-on-Political-Communication|title=Local Leaders as Agents: Dramaturgy on Political Communications of City Mayor Joko Widodo of Solo|publisher=Scribd|author=Indrananto, Cahyadi|date=June 2012|access-date=27 January 2014}}</ref> He adopted the development framework of European cities (which he frequently travelled to as a businessman) as a guide for changes in Surakarta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.solopos.com/joko-widodo-terima-penghargaan-best-city-award-asia-tenggara-317644|title=Joko Widodo Raih Penghargaan Best City Award Asia Tenggara|publisher=Solo Pos|language=id|date=9 August 2012|access-date=26 February 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226055817/https://www.solopos.com/joko-widodo-terima-penghargaan-best-city-award-asia-tenggara-317644|archive-date=26 February 2021}}</ref>
+His notable policies as mayor included:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/11/18/poor-stagnate-while-city-thrives.html|title=Poor Stagnate While City Thrives|publisher=The Jakarta Post|date=18 November 2013|access-date=24 December 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224113401/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/11/18/poor-stagnate-while-city-thrives.html|archive-date=24 December 2013}}</ref> Building new traditional markets and renovating existing markets, constructing a 7-km city walk with a 3-meter wide pedestrian walkway along Surakarta's main street, revitalising the Balekambang and Sriwedari parks, employing stricter regulations on cutting down trees along the city's main streets, rebranding the city as a centre of Javanese culture and tourism under the tagline 'The Spirit of Java', promoting the city as a centre for meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions (MICE), launching healthcare and education insurance program for all residents, a local [[bus rapid transit]] system named ''[[Batik Solo Trans]]'' and a Solo Techno Park, which helped support the [[Esemka]] Indonesian car project.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/01/03/surakarta-mayor-uses-car-made-vocational-schools-students.html|title=Surakarta mayor uses car made by vocational schools students|publisher=The Jakarta Post|author=Ayuningtyas, Kusumasari|date=3 January 2012|access-date=24 December 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224154423/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/01/03/surakarta-mayor-uses-car-made-vocational-schools-students.html|archive-date=24 December 2013}}</ref> It was during his tenure as mayor that he conducted the ''blusukan'', an impromptu visit to specific areas to listen to people's issues, which proved popular later in his political career. He also prohibited his family members from bidding for city projects, therefore suppressing the risk of corruption. His policies brought him into conflict with then provincial governor [[Bibit Waluyo]], who on one occasion called Jokowi a "fool" for the latter's opposition to a provincial construction project in Surakarta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tirto.id/sejarah-polemik-jokowi-vs-bibit-waluyo-yang-diklaim-dukung-prabowo-dgoX|title=Sejarah Polemik Jokowi vs Bibit Waluyo yang Diklaim Dukung Prabowo|publisher=Tirto.id|language=id|author=N Raditya, Iswara|date=9 February 2019|access-date=20 December 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224104718/https://tirto.id/sejarah-polemik-jokowi-vs-bibit-waluyo-yang-diklaim-dukung-prabowo-dgoX|archive-date=24 December 2020}}</ref>
+His supporters pointed to rapid positive changes in Surakarta under his leadership and the city's branding with the motto 'Solo: The Spirit of [[Java]]'. While in office, he successfully relocated antique stalls in the Banjarsari Gardens without incident, a helpful move in revitalising the functions of the open green land; he emphasised the importance of business firms engaging in community activities; he improved communications with the local community by appearing regularly on local television. As a follow-up of the city's new branding, he applied for Surakarta to become a member of the [[Organization of World Heritage Cities]], which was approved in 2006, and subsequently had the city chosen to host the organisation's conference in October 2008. In 2007, Surakarta had also hosted the [[World Music Festival|World Music Festival (Festival Musik Dunia/FMD)]], held at the complex of [[Fort Vastenburg]] near the centre of the city. The following year, it was held in the [[Mangkunegaran Palace|Mangkunegaran Palace Complex]].
+Part of Jokowi's style was his populist 'can-do' (''punya gaye'') elements designed to build bonds with the broad electorate.<ref name="scribd.com"/> As mayor, he became personally involved in an incident just before Christmas 2011 when the Surakarta municipality had overdue bills of close to $1 million (IDR 8.9 billion) owed to the state-owned electricity company ''[[Perusahaan Listrik Negara]]'' (PLN). Following its policy of pursuing a more disciplined approach to collecting overdue bills, it imposed a blackout on street lights in the city just before Christmas. The city government quickly authorised payment, but in settling the bill, protested that the PLN should consider the public interest before taking such action. To reinforce the point, Jokowi made a highly publicised personal visit to the local PLN office to deliver the IDR 8.9 billion in cash in the form of hundreds of bundles of notes and even small coins.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/01/04/residents-surakarta-accompany-mayor-pay-pln.html|title=Residents of Surakarta accompany mayor to pay PLN|publisher=The Jakarta Post|author=Ayuningtyas, Kusumasari|date=4 January 2012|access-date=21 September 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921040230/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/01/04/residents-surakarta-accompany-mayor-pay-pln.html|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref>
+In 2010, he was [[2010 Surakarta mayoral election|re-elected for a second term]], again running with Hadi. They won 90.09% of the vote, losing in only a single polling station.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2010/05/21/03402631/Kemenangan.Fenomenal.Jokowi-Rudy|title=Kemenangan Fenomenal Jokowi-Rudy|publisher=KOMPAS|language=id|date=21 May 2010|access-date=3 August 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822224439/https://regional.kompas.com/read/2010/05/21/03402631/Kemenangan.Fenomenal.Jokowi-Rudy|archive-date=22 August 2011}}</ref> He was later chosen as the 'Tempo Leader of Choice' by [[Tempo (Indonesian magazine)|Tempo news magazine]] (2008) and received a 'Changemakers Award' from [[Republika (Indonesian newspaper)|Republika newspaper]] (2010); his name also started being considered in national polls for the governorship of Jakarta, long before PDI-P's nomination, including those by [[University of Indonesia]] and Cyrus Network (2011).<ref name="scribd.com"/>
+In 2012, Jokowi faced a smear campaign after declaring his intention to run for the [[2012 Jakarta gubernatorial election|governorship of Jakarta]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.republika.co.id/berita/menuju-jakarta-1/news/12/08/08/m8g2ta-fitnah-ibu-jokowi-rhoma-terancam-dipidanakan|title=Fitnah Ibu Jokowi, Rhoma Terancam Dipidanakan|publisher=Republika|author=Sasmita, Ira|date=8 August 2012|access-date=3 March 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116005513/https://www.republika.co.id/berita/menuju-jakarta-1/news/12/08/08/m8g2ta-fitnah-ibu-jokowi-rhoma-terancam-dipidanakan|archive-date=16 November 2012}}</ref> A group calling itself ''Save Solo, Save Jakarta and Save Indonesia Team'' (TS3) reported him to the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) for allegedly having facilitated misuse of education funds by his subordinates in Surakarta in 2010. The KPK investigated the allegation, found it was based on false data and said there was no indication Jokowi had misappropriated funds.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/10/15/no-jokowi-trails-education-fund-corruption-says-kpk.html|title=No Jokowi trails in education fund corruption, says KPK|publisher=The Jakarta Post|date=15 October 2014|access-date=3 March 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016215908/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/10/15/no-jokowi-trails-education-fund-corruption-says-kpk.html|archive-date=16 October 2014}}</ref>
+===Governor of Jakarta===
+{{multiple image|align=right|direction=horizontal|caption_align=center|image1=Gubernur DKI Jokowi.jpg|width1=131|footer=Jokowi's two versions of official portrait as [[Governor of Jakarta]] (2012)|image2=Gubernur DKI Joko Widodo.jpg|width2=108}}
+Despite disappointment from some Surakarta residents that he would not complete his second term as mayor,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/03/20/surakarta-residents-disappointed-jokowi-s-jakarta-bid.html|title=Surakarta residents disappointed by Jokowi's Jakarta bid|publisher=The Jakarta Post|author=Ayuningtyas, Kusumasari|date=20 March 2012|access-date=22 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322220523/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/03/20/surakarta-residents-disappointed-jokowi-s-jakarta-bid.html|archive-date=22 March 2012}}</ref> Jokowi ran in the 2012 Jakarta gubernatorial election and defeated the incumbent [[Fauzi Bowo]] in a runoff round.<ref name="jakartapostrealbattle"/> His inner circle of advisers in Jakarta reportedly included people such as FX Hadi 'Rudy' Rudyatmo, Sumartono Hadinoto and Anggit Nugroho, who were colleagues while he was mayor of Surakarta, as well as [[Basuki Tjahaja Purnama]] ("Ahok"), his deputy as governor of Jakarta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/11/20/man-house-man-moment.html|title=Man of the house, man of the moment|publisher=The Jakarta Post|author=Dewi, Sita W.|date=20 November 2013|access-date=21 November 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131121122901/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/11/20/man-house-man-moment.html|archive-date=21 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/11/18/jokowi-s-star-appeal-making-hay-while-sun-shines.html|title=Jokowi's star appeal: Making hay while sun shines|publisher=The Jakarta Post|date=18 November 2013|access-date=20 November 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131120235656/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/11/18/jokowi-s-star-appeal-making-hay-while-sun-shines.html|archive-date=20 November 2013}}</ref> Jokowi continued the ''blusukan'' practice he had adopted as mayor of Surakarta by regularly visiting population centers, especially slums. During these visits, he wore simple, informal clothes and stopped at markets or walked along narrow Jakarta alleys to listen and witness firsthand issues addressed by residents, such as the price of food, housing difficulties, flooding, and transportation. Polling and media coverage suggested that his hands-on style proved very popular both in Jakarta and elsewhere across Indonesia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/01/22/editorial-start-working-jokowi.html|title=Editorial: Start working, Jokowi|publisher=The Jakarta Post|date=22 January 2013|access-date=25 January 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125004337/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/01/22/editorial-start-working-jokowi.html|archive-date=25 January 2013}}</ref>
+After taking office, taxes and Jakarta's provincial budget increased significantly from IDR 41 trillion in 2012 to IDR 72 trillion in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://money.kompas.com/read/2014/03/17/1241166/Dipimpin.Jokowi.Pendapatan.DKI.Naik.Rp.31.Triliun.dalam.Setahun|title=Dipimpin Jokowi, Pendapatan DKI Naik Rp 31 Triliun dalam Setahun|publisher=KOMPAS|language=id|author=Suryowati, Estu|date=17 March 2014|access-date=20 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328142143/https://money.kompas.com/read/2014/03/17/1241166/Dipimpin.Jokowi.Pendapatan.DKI.Naik.Rp.31.Triliun.dalam.Setahun|archive-date=28 March 2019}}</ref><ref>Pernyataan PAD 72 Triliun diralat sebagai APBD, bukan PAD oleh Kepala Dinas Pelayanan Pajak DKI Jakarta Iwan Setiawandi</ref> Both Jokowi and Ahok publicised their monthly salary and the provincial budget.<ref name="bbcjokowi">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/berita_indonesia/2014/01/140128_hague_jokowi|title=Menlu Inggris dukung transparansi Jokowi|publisher=BBC|language=id|date=28 January 2014|access-date=15 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910125338/https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/berita_indonesia/2014/01/140128_hague_jokowi|archive-date=10 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.detik.com/read/2013/03/14/140113/2193892/10/transparansi-jokowi-ini-dia-poster-apbd-2013?nd771104bcj|title=Transparansi Jokowi, Ini Dia Poster APBD 2013|publisher=detik|language=id|author=Ray, Jordan|date=14 March 2013|access-date=15 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317031904/http://news.detik.com/read/2013/03/14/140113/2193892/10/transparansi-jokowi-ini-dia-poster-apbd-2013?nd771104bcj|archive-date=17 March 2013}}</ref> They also initiated programs aimed towards transparency, such as online taxes, e-budgeting, e-purchasing, and a cash management system.<ref name="bbcjokowi"/> Moreover, all meetings and activities that Jokowi and Ahok attended were recorded and uploaded on YouTube.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.detik.com/read/2012/11/14/083943/2091106/10/ini-alasan-jokowi-setuju-rapat-pemprov-dki-ditampilkan-di-youtube|title=Ini Alasan Jokowi Setuju Rapat Pemprov DKI Ditampilkan di Youtube|publisher=detik|language=id|author=Juwari, Ahmad|date=14 November 2012|access-date=15 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121117020920/http://news.detik.com/read/2012/11/14/083943/2091106/10/ini-alasan-jokowi-setuju-rapat-pemprov-dki-ditampilkan-di-youtube|archive-date=17 November 2012}}</ref>
+[[File:Jokowi blusukan.jpg|left|thumb|Jokowi on a ''blusukan'' neighborhood visit in Jakarta]]
+In healthcare, Jokowi introduced a universal health care program, the 'Healthy Jakarta Card' (''Kartu Jakarta Sehat'', KJS).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.development.asia/PDF/issue15/devasia-15-web-4-nov-2013-14-overdue-antidote.pdf|title=Overdue Antidote|publisher=Asian Development Bank|author=McCawley, Tom|date=November 2013|access-date=24 December 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224102842/http://www.development.asia/PDF/issue15/devasia-15-web-4-nov-2013-14-overdue-antidote.pdf|archive-date=24 December 2013}}</ref> It involved an insurance program provided through state-owned insurance company PT Askes Indonesia (''Persero'') and a plan to regulate health charges for treatment for over 20,000 services and procedures.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/12/22/jokowi-care-a-pilot-project-upcoming-national-health-plan.html|title='Jokowi-care' a pilot project for upcoming national health plan|publisher=The Jakarta Post|date=22 December 2013|access-date=23 December 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131223234154/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/12/22/jokowi-care-a-pilot-project-upcoming-national-health-plan.html|archive-date=23 December 2013}}</ref> The program was criticised for confusion over details of the implementation and long queues,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/12/22/a-report-card-jakarta-s-healthcare-program.html|title=A report card for Jakarta'shealthcare program|publisher=The Jakarta Post|author=|date=22 December 2013|access-date=22 December 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131222080231/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/12/22/a-report-card-jakarta-s-healthcare-program.html|archive-date=22 December 2013}}</ref> though Jokowi defended it and counselled patience. In education, Jokowi launched the 'Smart Jakarta Card' (''Kartu Jakarta Pintar'', KJP) on 1 December 2012 to help needy students. It gives an allowance that can be withdrawn from ATMs for buying school needs such as books and uniforms.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/346355/kartu-jakarta-pintar-diluncurkan|title=Kartu Jakarta Pintar diluncurkan|publisher=Antara News|language=id|date=1 December 2012|access-date=4 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121204135942/https://www.antaranews.com/berita/346355/kartu-jakarta-pintar-diluncurkan|archive-date=4 December 2012}}</ref>
+His administration's other notable policies include a system of bureaucratic recruitment called ''lelang jabatan'' (literally 'auction of office position'), giving every civil servant the same opportunity to achieve a certain position by fulfilling the required qualifications,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apsc.gov.au/aps-employment-policy-and-advice/merit|title=Leading and shaping a unified, high performing APS|publisher=Australian Public Service Commission|access-date=24 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725062826/http://www.apsc.gov.au/aps-employment-policy-and-advice/merit|archive-date=25 July 2015}}</ref> regulation of the chaotic agglomeration of street vendors in [[Pasar Minggu]] and Pasar Tanah Abang,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://republika.co.id/berita/nasional/jabodetabek-nasional/13/11/13/mw6ogn-jokowi-resmikan-lokasi-baru-pkl-pasar-minggu|title=Jokowi Resmikan Lokasi Baru 'PKL' Pasar Minggu"|publisher=Republika|language=id|author=Sa'diyah, Halimatus|date=13 November 2013|access-date=22 October 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022153426/https://republika.co.id/berita/nasional/jabodetabek-nasional/13/11/13/mw6ogn-jokowi-resmikan-lokasi-baru-pkl-pasar-minggu|archive-date=22 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-2336405/-pkl-jokowi-doang-gubernur-yang-bisa-rombak-tanah-abang-|title=PKL: Jokowi Doang Gubernur yang Bisa Rombak Tanah Abang|publisher=detik|language=id|date=21 August 2013|access-date=22 October 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022193506/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-2336405/-pkl-jokowi-doang-gubernur-yang-bisa-rombak-tanah-abang-|archive-date=22 October 2018}}</ref> the dredging and reservoir normalisation projects to reduce flooding,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.detik.com/berita/d-2279672/diplomasi-makan-siang-jokowi-dan-warga-waduk-pluit-berlanjut-pekan-depan|title=Diplomasi Makan Siang Jokowi dan Warga Waduk Pluit Berlanjut Pekan Depan|publisher=detik|language=id|date=21 June 2013|access-date=21 June 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114152119/http://news.detik.com/berita/d-2279672/diplomasi-makan-siang-jokowi-dan-warga-waduk-pluit-berlanjut-pekan-depan|archive-date=14 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/813313/bpbd-berkat-kerja-jokowi-banjir-2014-tak-separah-2013|title=BPBD: Berkat Kerja Jokowi, Banjir 2014 Tak Separah 2013|publisher=Liputan6|language=id|author=Riz|date=29 January 2014|access-date=15 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009211618/https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/813313/bpbd-berkat-kerja-jokowi-banjir-2014-tak-separah-2013|archive-date=9 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.merdeka.com/jakarta/perdana-menteri-belanda-nilai-jokowi-pemimpin-hebat.html|title=Perdana Menteri Belanda nilai Jokowi pemimpin hebat|publisher=Merdeka|language=id|author=Lestari, Mustiana|date=21 November 2013|access-date=15 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131124013722/https://www.merdeka.com/jakarta/perdana-menteri-belanda-nilai-jokowi-pemimpin-hebat.html|archive-date=24 November 2013}}</ref> and the inauguration of long-delayed [[Jakarta MRT]] and [[Jakarta Light Rail Transit|Jakarta LRT]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/1766755.html|title=Proyek Pembangunan MRT Jakarta Resmi Dimulai|publisher=VOA Indonesia|language=id|date=10 October 2013|access-date=15 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729094711/https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/1766755.html|archive-date=29 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/09/09/jokowi-kicks-lrt-construction.html|title=Jokowi kicks off LRT construction|publisher=The Jakarta Post|author=Margi, Raditya|date=9 September 2015|access-date=21 September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912233300/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/09/09/jokowi-kicks-lrt-construction.html|archive-date=12 September 2015}}</ref> As governor, Jokowi also appointed a non-Muslim 'lurah' (subdistrict chief) for the Muslim-majority subdistrict of Lenteng Agung despite protests by some residents.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/08/29/jokowi-stands-christian-subdistrict-head.html|title=Jokowi stands by Christian subdistrict head|publisher=The Jakarta Post|author=Dewi, Sita W.|date=29 August 2013|access-date=9 October 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901220606/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/08/29/jokowi-stands-christian-subdistrict-head.html|archive-date=1 September 2013}}</ref> Former deputy governor [[Prijanto]] claimed that Widodo had carried out maladministration when abusing government certificate asset of BMW Park by formalising another expired certificate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://republika.co.id/berita/n5x01l/prijanto-jokowi-tak-paham-administrasi|title=Prijanto: Jokowi Tak Paham Administrasi|publisher=Republika|language=id|author=Faqih, Mansyur|date=21 May 2014|access-date=20 December 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804023543/https://republika.co.id/berita/n5x01l/prijanto-jokowi-tak-paham-administrasi|archive-date=4 August 2020}}</ref>
+In 2013, Jokowi was reported to the [[National Commission on Human Rights (Indonesia)|National Commission on Human Rights]] over the eviction of the squatters near [[Pluit]]. In previous "political contracts", he had vowed not to evict residents to distant locations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.merdeka.com/foto/jakarta/239689/20130827191852-alami-kekerasan-warga-waduk-pluit-laporkan-jokowi-ke-komnas-ham-001-isniqbal-nugroho.html|title=Alami kekerasan, Warga Waduk Pluit laporkan Jokowi ke Komnas HAM|publisher=Merdeka|language=id|author=Buhori, Imam|date=27 August 2013|access-date=18 May 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303055200/https://www.merdeka.com/foto/jakarta/239689/20130827191852-alami-kekerasan-warga-waduk-pluit-laporkan-jokowi-ke-komnas-ham-001-isniqbal-nugroho.html|archive-date=3 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/03/16/remember-your-promises-city-s-poor-tell-jokowi-daily-rallies.html|title='Remember your promises,'city's poor tell Jokowi in daily rallies|publisher=The Jakarta Post|date=16 March 2016|access-date=9 October 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317071249/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/03/16/remember-your-promises-city-s-poor-tell-jokowi-daily-rallies.html|archive-date=17 March 2016}}</ref> Jokowi met with Pluit residents and Komnas HAM to explain the evictions were necessary for restoring water catchment to reduce flooding and that families were being relocated to low-cost apartments.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/05/18/governor-and-human-rights-body-meet-pluit-long-last.html|title=Governor and human rights body meet on Pluit, at long last|publisher=The Jakarta Post|author=Dewi, Sita W.|date=18 May 2013|access-date=3 March 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607042907/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/05/18/governor-and-human-rights-body-meet-pluit-long-last.html|archive-date=7 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/05/22/jokowi-sits-same-table-with-pluit-dam-residents.html|title=Jokowi sits at same table with Pluit Dam residents|publisher=The Jakarta Post|author=Dewi, Sita W.|date=22 May 2013|access-date=3 March 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607042937/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/05/22/jokowi-sits-same-table-with-pluit-dam-residents.html|archive-date=7 June 2013}}</ref>
 ==Multilateral meetings==