Chiang Kai-shek: Perbezaan antara semakan

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| religion = [[Methodist]]<ref>[http://www.chinataiwan.org/wh/tp/200801/t20080131_581330_1.htm 蒋介石宋美龄结婚照入《上海大辞典》]</ref>
| religion = [[Methodist]]<ref>[http://www.chinataiwan.org/wh/tp/200801/t20080131_581330_1.htm 蒋介石宋美龄结婚照入《上海大辞典》]</ref>
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'''Chiang Kai-shek''' ({{zh|t=蔣中正 / 蔣介石|s=蒋中正 / 蒋介石|p=Jiǎng Jièshí|first=t}}; but see [[Chiang Kai-shek#Names|names]] below) (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975) was a political and military leader of 20th century [[China]]. He was an influential member of the [[Kuomintang]] (KMT) and [[Sun Yat-sen]]'s close ally. He became the commandant of Kuomintang's [[Whampoa Military Academy]] and took Sun's place in the party when the latter died in 1925. In 1928, Chiang led the [[Northern Expedition (1926–1927)|Northern Expedition]] to unify the country, becoming China's overall leader.<ref name=a>{{cite book|last=Zarrow|first=Peter Gue|year=2005|title=China in War and Revolution, 1895-1949|pages=230–231}}</ref> He served as chairman of the [[National Military Council]] of the Nationalist Government of the [[Republic of China]] (ROC) from 1928 to 1948. Chiang led China in the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]], during which the Nationalist Government's power severely weakened, but his prominence grew.
'''Chiang Kai-shek''' ([[31 Oktober]] [[1887]] – [[5 April]] [[1975]]) ialah pemimpin [[politik]] dan [[tentera]] di [[China]] [[abad ke-20]]. Beliau anggota berpengaruh [[Kuomintang]] (KMT) dan sekutu rapat [[Sun Yat-sen]]. Chiang kemudian menjadi [[komandan]] [[Akademi Tentera Whampoa]] Kuomintang lalu mengambil alih jawatan Sun di dalam [[Parti politik|parti]] apabila Sun meninggal dunia pada [[1925]]. Pada [[1928]], Chiang mengetuai [[Ekspedisi Utara (1926–1927)|Ekspedisi Utara]] untuk menyatukan negara dan menjadi ketua seluruh China.<ref name=a>{{cite book|last=Zarrow|first=Peter Gue|year=2005|title=China in War and Revolution, 1895-1949|pages=230–231}}</ref> Beliau menjadi pengerusi [[Majlis Tentera Negara]] kepada Pemerintahan Nasionalis [[Republik China]] (ROC) dari 1928 sehingga [[1948]]. Chiang mengetuai China dalam [[Perang China-Jepun Kedua]] dan dalam tempoh itu, kuasa Pemerintahan Nasionalis merosot dengan amat ketara, tetapi kemasyhurannya semakin meningkat.


Chiang's Nationalists were engaged in a long standing [[Chinese Civil War|civil war]] with the [[Communist Party of China|Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP). After the Japanese surrender in 1945, he attempted to eradicate the CCP. Ultimately, bolstered by support from Soviet Russia the CCP defeated Chiang, forcing the Nationalist government to [[Chinese Civil War#CPC establish People's Republic of China / KMT retreat to Taiwan|retreat]] to [[Taiwan]], where martial law continued whilst still trying to take back mainland China. He ruled the island with an iron fist as the [[President of the Republic of China]] and Director-General of the Kuomintang until his death in 1975.
Chiang's Nationalists were engaged in a long standing [[Chinese Civil War|civil war]] with the [[Communist Party of China|Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP). After the Japanese surrender in 1945, he attempted to eradicate the CCP. Ultimately, bolstered by support from Soviet Russia the CCP defeated Chiang, forcing the Nationalist government to [[Chinese Civil War#CPC establish People's Republic of China / KMT retreat to Taiwan|retreat]] to [[Taiwan]], where martial law continued whilst still trying to take back mainland China. He ruled the island with an iron fist as the [[President of the Republic of China]] and Director-General of the Kuomintang until his death in 1975.

Semakan pada 14:20, 4 November 2009

Nama ini merupakan nama orang dalam bahasa Cina; nama keluarganya ialah Chiang (蔣).
Chiang Kai-shek
蔣中正 / 蔣介石
1st, 3rd Chairman of the Nationalist Government of China
Dalam jawatan
10 October 1928 – 15 December 1931
PremierTan Yankai
Soong Tse-ven
Didahului olehGu Weijun (Acting)
Digantikan olehLin Sen
Dalam jawatan
1 August 1943 – 20 May 1948
Acting until 10 October 1943
PremierSoong Tse-ven
Didahului olehLin Sen
Digantikan olehHimself (as President of the Republic of China)
1st President of the Republic of China
Dalam jawatan
20 May 1948 – 21 January 1949
PremierChang Chun
Wong Wen-hao
Sun Fo
Naib PresidenLi Zongren
Didahului olehHimself (as Chairman of the National Government of China)
Digantikan olehLi Zongren (Acting)
Dalam jawatan
1 March 1950 – 5 April 1975
PremierYen Hsi-shan
Chen Cheng
Yu Hung-Chun
Chen Cheng
Yen Chia-kan
Chiang Ching-kuo
Naib PresidenLi Zongren
Chen Cheng
Yen Chia-kan
Didahului olehLi Zongren (Acting)
Digantikan olehYen Chia-kan
3rd, 7th, 9th, 11th Premier of the Republic of China
Dalam jawatan
4 December 1930 – 15 December 1931
Didahului olehSoong Tse-ven
Digantikan olehChen Mingshu
Dalam jawatan
7 December 1935 – 1 January 1938
PresidenLin Sen
Didahului olehWang Jingwei
Digantikan olehHsiang-hsi Kung
Dalam jawatan
20 November 1939 – 31 May 1945
PresidenLin Sen
Didahului olehHsiang-hsi Kung
Digantikan olehSoong Tse-ven
Dalam jawatan
1 March 1947 – 18 April 1947
Didahului olehSoong Tse-ven
Digantikan olehChang Chun
1st, 3rd Director-General of the Kuomintang
Dalam jawatan
29 March 1938 – 5 April 1975
Didahului olehHu Hanmin
Digantikan olehChiang Ching-kuo (as Chairman of the Kuomintang)
Butiran peribadi
Lahir(1887-10-31)31 Oktober 1887
Fenghua, Qing Dynasty
Meninggal dunia5 April 1975(1975-04-05) (umur 87)
Taipei, Republic of China (Taiwan)
KerakyatanChinese
Parti politikKuomintang
PasanganSoong May-ling
Anak-anakChiang Ching-kuo
Chiang Wei-kuo
Alma materImperial Japanese Army Academy
PekerjaanSoldier (General officer),
Politician

Chiang Kai-shek (31 Oktober 1887 – 5 April 1975) ialah pemimpin politik dan tentera di China abad ke-20. Beliau anggota berpengaruh Kuomintang (KMT) dan sekutu rapat Sun Yat-sen. Chiang kemudian menjadi komandan Akademi Tentera Whampoa Kuomintang lalu mengambil alih jawatan Sun di dalam parti apabila Sun meninggal dunia pada 1925. Pada 1928, Chiang mengetuai Ekspedisi Utara untuk menyatukan negara dan menjadi ketua seluruh China.[2] Beliau menjadi pengerusi Majlis Tentera Negara kepada Pemerintahan Nasionalis Republik China (ROC) dari 1928 sehingga 1948. Chiang mengetuai China dalam Perang China-Jepun Kedua dan dalam tempoh itu, kuasa Pemerintahan Nasionalis merosot dengan amat ketara, tetapi kemasyhurannya semakin meningkat.

Chiang's Nationalists were engaged in a long standing civil war with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). After the Japanese surrender in 1945, he attempted to eradicate the CCP. Ultimately, bolstered by support from Soviet Russia the CCP defeated Chiang, forcing the Nationalist government to retreat to Taiwan, where martial law continued whilst still trying to take back mainland China. He ruled the island with an iron fist as the President of the Republic of China and Director-General of the Kuomintang until his death in 1975.

Feelings towards Chiang are mixed in Taiwan. While some still view him as a hero, others have bad feelings about him and want to draw a line under his era. It has been made evident with the dismantling of hundred of Chiang's statues all over the island.[3]


Lihat juga

Rujukan

  1. ^ 蒋介石宋美龄结婚照入《上海大辞典》
  2. ^ Zarrow, Peter Gue (2005). China in War and Revolution, 1895-1949. m/s. 230–231.
  3. ^ Leavey, Helen (2003-03-11). "Taiwan divided over Chiang's memory". BBC News. Dicapai pada 2009-10-29.

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