Reichskommissariat Ukraine
Reichskommissariat Ukraine | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1941–1944 | |||||
| |||||
.svg) Reichskommissariat Ukraine pada tahun 1942 | |||||
| Status | Reichskommissariat Jerman | ||||
| Ibu negara | Rivne | ||||
| Bahasa yang umum digunakan | Jerman (official) Ukraine · Poland · Tatar Krimea | ||||
| Kerajaan | Koloni Jerman Nazi[1] | ||||
| Reichskommissar | |||||
• 1941–1944 | Erich Koch | ||||
| Era Sejarah | Perang Dunia II | ||||
| 22 Jun 1941 | |||||
• Penubuhan | 1 September 1941 | ||||
• Pembebasan Soviet | Sep. 1943–Mac. 1944 | ||||
• Bahagian saki-baki Generalbezirk Weißruthenien | 25 Februari 1944 | ||||
• Pembubaran formal | 10 November 1944 | ||||
| Populasi | |||||
• 1941 | 37,000,000 | ||||
| Mata wang | Karbovanets | ||||
| Sekarang sebahagian dari | Ukraine Poland Belarus | ||||
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Semasa Perang Dunia II, Reichskommissariat Ukraine (singkatan RKU) adalah rejim pendudukan awam (Reichskommissariat) bagi Ukraine taklukan Jerman Nazi (yang merangkumi kawasan bersebelahan dengan zaman moden Belarus dan Republik Poland Kedua). Ia telah ditadbir oleh Kementerian Reich bagi Wilayah Taklukan Timur yang diketuai oleh Alfred Rosenberg. Antara September 1941 dan Ogos 1944, Reichskommissariat ini ditadbir oleh Erich Koch selaku Reichskommissar. Tugas-tugas pentadbiran termasuklah pengamanan dan pemajuan rantau itu, untuk kepentingan Jerman, melalui sumber-sumber dan rakyatnya. Adolf Hitler mengeluarkan perintah Führer yang mewujudkan pentadbiran wilayah taklukan Timur yang baru pada 17 Julai 1941.[2]
Sebelum pencerobohan Jerman, Ukraine merupakan anggota republik Kesatuan Soviet, di huni oleh orang Ukraine berserta minoriti Rusia, Poland, Yahudi, Belarusia, Jerman, Romani dan Tatar Krimea. Ia adalah subjek utama rancangan Nazi untuk pembesaran pasca perang negara Jerman. Pendudukan Nazi di Ukraine mengakhiri nyawa berjuta-juta orang awam dalam Holokus dan pembunuhan besar-besaran Nazi yang lain: dianggarkan 900,000 hingga 1.6 juta orang Yahudi dan 3[3] hingga 4[4] juta rakyat Ukraine bukan Yahudi dibunuh semasa pendudukan; sumber lain menganggarkan 5.2 juta orang awam Ukraine (dari semua kumpulan etnik) mati akibat jenayah terhadap kemanusiaan, penyakit berkaitan perang, dan kebuluran yang berjumlah lebih 12% dari penduduk Ukraine pada masa itu.[5]
Lihat juga[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Persekongkolan di Ukraine taklukan Jerman
- Ostarbeiter
- Penyembelihan rakyat Poland di Volhynia dan Timur Galicia
- Babi Yar
- Perlawanan Maut
- Word of the Righteous
Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ "Reichskommissariat Ukraine". www.encyclopediaofukraine.com. Dicapai pada 2020-03-03.
A German colony, the RKU constituted an important part of Adolf Hitler's Lebensraum and was completely deprived of autonomy or international status. Nazi plans called for the postwar unification of the RKU with the territory of the German Reich; most Ukrainians (considered unfit for Germanization) were to be resettled beyond the Urals to make room for German colonists. In fact Hitler was unable to inspire many Germans to colonize Ukraine. Despite ambitious plans only a few villages were cleared of their Ukrainian inhabitants and populated with Germans (both groups were resettled under duress). Those experiments were profoundly resented by the local population, which saw them as portents of German postwar intentions. Resettlement was also prevented by the German retreat and then by the formal liquidation of the RKU on 10 November 1944.
- ^ "Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression". Decree of the Fuehrer concerning the administration of the newly-occupied Eastern territories. The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. 1996–2007. Dicapai pada 2007-10-04.
- ^ Magocsi, Paul Robert (1996). A History of Ukraine. University of Toronto Press. m/s. 633. ISBN 9780802078209.
- ^ Michael Berenbaum (ed.), A Mosaic of Victims: Non-Jews Persecuted and Murdered by the Nazis, New York University Press, 1990; ISBN 1-85043-251-1
- ^ Vadim Erlikman. Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke: spravochnik. Moscow, 2004. ISBN 5-93165-107-1. pp. 21–35.
Bacaan lanjut[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Toynbee, Arnold; Toynbee, Veronica; dll. (1954), "Ukraine, under German Occupation, 1941-44", Hitler's Europe, London: Oxford University Press, m/s. 316–337.
- Berkhoff, Karel C. (2004), Harvest of Despair: Life and Death in Ukraine Under Nazi Rule, Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, ISBN 0-674-01313-1.
- Rich, Norman (1974), Hitler's War Aims: The Establishment of the New Order, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 0-393-05509-4.
Pautan luar[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Officials of the Ostministerium and the Reichskommissariats di Wayback Machine (diarkibkan Oktober 29, 2009)
- Map of Occupied Europe
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