Menes
| Menes (kk. 3200–3000 SM)[1] | |
|---|---|
| Africanus: Mênês Eusebius: Mênês | |
 Kartusy Menes di Senarai Raja Abydos | |
| Firaun | |
| Pengganti | Hor-Aha |
| Dinasti | Dinasti Pertama |
Menes (kk 3200-3000 SM; [6] /ˈmiːniːz/ ; Mesir Purba: mnj, mungkin disebut */maˈnij/ ; [7] Bahasa Yunani Kuno: Μήνης [8] ) ialah firaun dari Tempoh Dinasti Awal Mesir purba yang dikreditkan oleh tradisi klasik dengan menyatukan Mesir Hulu dan Hilir dan sebagai pengasas Dinasti Pertama.[9]
Identiti Menes adalah subjek perdebatan yang berterusan, walaupun konsensus Mesir utama mengenalpastikan Menes dengan penguasa Naqada III Narmer[8][10][11][12] (kemungkinan besar) atau firaun pertama Dinasti Hor-Aha. [13] Kedua-dua firaun itu dikreditkan dengan penyatuan Mesir ke pelbagai peringkat oleh pelbagai pihak.
Kehidupan
[sunting | sunting sumber]
| |||||||||
| Menes dalam hieroglif Mesir | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Narmer dan Menes
[sunting | sunting sumber]
Ketiadaan hampir apa-apa sebutan mengenai Menes dalam rekod arkeologi[8] dan perbandingan bukti Narmer, angka protodenis dikreditkan oleh keturunan dan dalam rekod arkeologi dengan tuntutan tegas[10] kepada penyatuan Mesir Hulu dan Hilir, telah menimbulkan teori mengaitkan Menes dengan Narmer.
Dalam catatan Pliny, Menes dikreditkan sebagai pencipta penulisan di Mesir.
Kematian
[sunting | sunting sumber]Menurut Manetho, Menes memerintah selama 62 tahun dan dibunuh oleh badak air.[14][15]
Lihat juga
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Mannus, angka leluhur dalam mitologi Jermanik
- Minos, raja Kreta, anak Zeus dan Europa
- Manu (Hinduisme), leluhur manusia
- Nu'u, watak mitos Hawaii yang membina sebuah bahtera dan melarikan diri dari Banjir Besar
- Nüwa, dewi dalam mitologi Cina paling terkenal kerana mencipta manusia
- Nuh
- Min (dewa)
- Narmer
- Hor-Aha
- Thinis
Nota
[sunting | sunting sumber]Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Kitchen, KA (1991). "The Chronology of Ancient Egypt". World Archaeology. 23 (2): 201–8. doi:10.1080/00438243.1991.9980172.
- ^ Edwards 1971, m/s. 13.
- ^ Lloyd 1994, m/s. 7.
- ^ Cervelló-Autuori 2003, m/s. 174.
- ^ Edwards 1971, m/s. 11.
- ^ Kitchen, KA (1991). "The Chronology of Ancient Egypt". World Archaeology. 23 (2): 201–8. doi:10.1080/00438243.1991.9980172.
- ^ Loprieno, Antonio (1995). Ancient Egyptian: A linguistic introduction. Cambridge University press. ISBN 0-521-44384-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- ^ a b c Edwards 1971.
- ^ Beck dll. 1999.
- ^ a b Lloyd 1994.
- ^ Cervelló-Autuori 2003.
- ^ Heagy 2014.
- ^ Seidlmayer 2010.
- ^ Manetho, Fr. 6, 7a, 7b. Text and translation in Manetho, translated by W.G. Waddell (Cambridge: Harvard University, 1940), pp.26-35
- ^ Verbrugghe & Wickersham 2001, m/s. 131.
Bibliografi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Beck, Roger B; Black, Linda; Krieger, Larry S; Naylor, Phillip C; Shabaka, Dahia Ibo (1999), World history: Patterns of interaction, Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, ISBN 0-395-87274-X
- Cervelló-Autuori, Josep (2003), "Narmer, Menes and the seals from Abydos", Egyptology at the dawn of the twenty-first century: proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Egyptologists, 2, Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, ISBN 978-977-424-714-9.
- Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca historica, 1
- Dow, Alexander (1774), Sethona: a tragedy, as it is performed at the Theatre Royal in Drury Lane, London: T. Becket
- Edwards, IES (1971), "The early dynastic period in Egypt", The Cambridge Ancient History, 1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Elder, Edward (1849), "Menes", dalam Smith, William (penyunting), Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, 2, Boston: Charles C. Little & James Brown.
- Faber, George Stanley (1816), "The origin of pagan idolatry: ascertained from historical testimony and circumstantial evidence", 3, London: F&C Rivingtons, 2.
- Gardiner, Alan (1961), Egypt of the Pharaohs, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- of Halicarnassus, Herodotus, The Histories.
- Heagy, Thomas C. (2014), "Who was Menes?", Archeo-Nil, 24: 59–92CS1 maint: ref=harv (link). Available online "[1]"..
- Lloyd, Alan B. (1994) [1975], Herodotus: Book II, Leiden: EJ Brill, ISBN 90-04-04179-6.
- Maspero, Gaston (1903), Sayce, Archibald Henry (penyunting), History of Egypt, Chaldea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, 9, Kessinger Publishing, ISBN 9780766135017.
- ——— (1910) [1894], Sayce, Archibald Henry (penyunting), The dawn of civilization: Egypt and Chaldæa, London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, ISBN 978-0-7661-7774-1.
- Manley, Bill (1997), The Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Egypt, London: Penguin, ISBN 0-14-051331-0.
- Rachewiltz, Boris de (1969), "Pagan and magic elements in Ezra Pound's works", dalam Hesse, Eva (penyunting), New approaches to Ezra Pound, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
- Ryholt, Kim (2009), "Egyptian historical literature from the Greco-Roman period", dalam Fitzenreiter, Martin (penyunting), Das Ereignis, Geschichtsschreibung zwischen Vorfall und Befund, London: Golden House.
- Schulz, Regine; Seidel, Matthias (2004), Egypt: The World of the Pharaohs, HF Ullmann, ISBN 978-3-8331-6000-4.
- Shaw, Ian; Nicholson, Paul (1995), The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt, Harry N Abrams, ISBN 0-8109-9096-2.
- Seidlmayer, Stephan (2010) [2004], "The Rise of the State to the Second Dynasty", Egypt: The World of the Pharaohs, ISBN 978-3-8331-6000-4.
- Verbrugghe, Gerald Paul; Wickersham, John Moore (2001) [1996], Berossos and Manetho, introduced and translated: Native Traditions in Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, ISBN 978-0-472-08687-0.
- Waddell, Laurence A (1930), Egyptian civilization: Its Sumerian origin, London, ISBN 978-0-7661-4273-2.
Pautan luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Menes, Ancient Egypt.
- "The Contendings of Horus and Seth", Egypt, IL: Reshafim.
- "Menes", Ancient Egyptian Civilization (image), Aldokkan.
- "Menes" . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.