Ragnarök

Dalam mitologi orang Norse, Ragnarök merupakan suatu kejadian berturut-turut termasuk suatu peperangan yang mengorbankan beberapa dewa-dewi utama (termasuk Odin, Thor, Týr, Freyr, Heimdallr dan Loki), bencana alam serta pembanjiran besar-besaran dunia lalu menandakan kiamat dunia tersebut. Selepas itu, dewa-dewi yang terselamat akan kembali dan bertemu semula serta dua orang manusia, Líf dan Lífþrasir akan mewujudkan suatu populasi baharu.

Ia merupakan suatu kejadian utama dalam kepercayaan orang Norse sehingga menjadi tumpuan utama dalam pengajian mengenai budaya masyarakat Jermanik. Ia pernah dicata dalam Edda Puitis susunan beberapa sumber lisan lama serta Edda Prosa pada abad ke-13 nukilan Snorri Sturluson.

Kejadian utama[sunting | sunting sumber]

Peperangan besar dewa-dewi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Suatu kesejukan besar - Fimbulwinter - akan menyebabkan tanaman mati lalu berlakunya kebuluran. Ketamakan akan menyebabkan manusia saling membunuh baik sesama anak-beranaka mahupun bersaudara, Bintang-bintang akan menghilang, bumi dan gegunung akan runtuh lalu membebaskan seekor serigala besar bernama Fenrir.^[1]

High relates that the great serpent Jörmungandr, also described as a child of Loki in the same source, will breach land as the sea violently swells onto it. The ship Naglfar, described in the Prose Edda as being made from the human nails of the dead, is released from its mooring, and sets sail on the surging sea, steered by a jötunn named Hrym. At the same time, Fenrir, eyes and nostrils spraying flames, charges forward with his mouth wide open, his upper jaw reaching to the heavens, his lower jaw touching the earth. At Fenrir's side, Jörmungandr sprays venom throughout the air and the sea.^[2]

During all of this, the sky splits into two. From the split, the "sons of Muspell" ride forth. Surtr rides first, surrounded by flames, his sword brighter than the sun. High says that "Muspell's sons" will ride across Bifröst, described in Gylfaginning as a rainbow bridge, and that the bridge will then break. The sons of Muspell (and their shining battle troop) advance to the field of Vígríðr, described as an expanse that reaches "a hundred leagues in each direction", where Fenrir, Jörmungandr, Loki (followed by "Hel's own"), and Hrym (accompanied by all frost jötnar) join them. While this occurs, Heimdallr stands and blows the Gjallarhorn with all his might. The gods awaken at the sound, and they meet. Odin rides to Mímisbrunnr in search of counsel from Mímir. Yggdrasil shakes, and everything, everywhere fears.^[2]

Puak Æsir dan Einherjar bersiap ke medan peperangan dipimpin Odin yang berbaju zirah dan berketopong emas. Odin menyerang Fenrir, Thor pula bersemuka dengan Jörmungandr. Freyr menangkas serangan Surtr namungagal kerana tiada pedang kurniaan pengutusnya, Skírnir. Garmr si anjing penjaga "seburuk-buruk raksasa" dilepaskan di hadapan Gnipahellir, lalu melawan Týr, sehingga kedua-dua mereka mati.^[3]

Thor membunuh Jörmungandr namun teracun raksasa tersebut sehingga mati tidak lama kemudian. Fenrir menelan Odin, namun anak Odin Víðarr menendang rahang bawah Fenrir lalu mengoyakkan rahang Fenrir sehingga mati. Loki melawan Heimdallr sehingga kedua-dua mereka saling terbunuh. Surtr menggelumangkan bumi dengan api sehingga ia membakar dengan maraknya.^[4]

Banjir dunia[sunting | sunting sumber]

Dua orang manusia, Líf and Lífþrasir, terselamat berlindung dalam suatu kayu hanyut bernama Hoddmímis. Keturunan manusia baharu datang daripada mereka.

Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ Byock 2005, m/s. 71–72.
^ ^a ^b Byock 2005, m/s. 72.
^ Byock 2005, m/s. 73.
^ Byock 2005, m/s. 73–75.

Sumber utama

Jesse Byock (penterjemah) (2005). The Prose Edda. Penguin Classics. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-044755-5.

[FOOTNOTEByock200571–72-1] Byock 2005, m/s. 71–72.

[FOOTNOTEByock200572-2] Byock 2005, m/s. 72.

[FOOTNOTEByock200573-3] Byock 2005, m/s. 73.

[FOOTNOTEByock200573–75-4] Byock 2005, m/s. 73–75.

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