Sungai Thames

Sungai Thames; River Thames
	Panorama sungai menampakkan London Eye, Jambatan Westminster, Istana Westminster dan Menara Elizabeth
	Peta sungai dalam selatan England
Negeri	England
Kaunti	Gloucestershire, Wiltshire, Oxfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Surrey, London, Kent, Essex
Bandar kota	Cricklade, Lechlade, Oxford, Abingdon, Wallingford, Reading, Henley-on-Thames, Marlow, Maidenhead, Windsor, Staines-upon-Thames, Walton-on-Thames, Kingston upon Thames, Teddington, Westminster, London
Ciri-ciri fizikal
Punca utama	Thames Head, Gloucestershire, UK; 110 m (360 ka); 51°41′39″N 2°01′47″W / 51.69426°N 2.02972°W
Muara	Muara Thames, Laut Utara; Southend-on-Sea, Essex, UK; 0 m (0 ka); 51°29′56″N 0°36′31″E / 51.4989°N 0.6087°EKoordinat: 51°29′56″N 0°36′31″E / 51.4989°N 0.6087°E
Panjang	346 km (215 batu) anggaran
Luahan	Lokasi:; London; Kadar luahan purata:; 65.8 m3/s (2,320 ka3/s); Kadar luahan maksimum:; 370 m3/s (13,000 ka3/s);
Luahan; (location 2)	Lokasi:; entering Oxford; Kadar luahan purata:; 17.6 m3/s (620 ka3/s);
Luahan; (location 3)	Lokasi:; leaving Oxford; Kadar luahan purata:; 24.8 m3/s (880 ka3/s);
Luahan; (location 4)	Lokasi:; Reading; Kadar luahan purata:; 39.7 m3/s (1,400 ka3/s);
Luahan; (location 5)	Lokasi:; Windsor; Kadar luahan purata:; 59.3 m3/s (2,090 ka3/s);
Ciri-ciri lembangan
Keluasan lembangan	12,935 km2 (4,994 bt2)

Sungai Thames (Bahasa Inggeris: River Thames) [tɛmz (bantuan·info), [témz] ialah sebatang sungai utama yang mengalir di selatan England. Satu bahagiannya yang mengalir merentasi London begitu terkenal, tetapi sungai ini juga turut merentasi beberapa pekan dan bandar lain termasuk Oxford, Reading dan Windsor.

Sungai ini memberikan namanya kepada Lembah Thames, satu kawasan di England yang berpusatkan sungai itu di antara Oxford dan London Barat serta Thames Gateway, kawasan di sekitar pasang surut Thames dan Muara Thames di timur London.

Geologi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Punca air[sunting | sunting sumber]

Pulau-pulau[sunting | sunting sumber]

Sungai ini mempunyai lebih 80 pulau direntasi baik yang berpaya (seperti Isle of Sheppey, Isle of Grain dan Pulau Canvey) sampailah yang bertanah kering dan berpokok (seperti Rose Isle, Oxfordshire dan Headpile Eyot Berkshire). Ada daripada pulau-pulau ino terhasil secara semulajadi dengan bercabangnya sungai tersebut (seperti Pulau Formosa dan Pulau Andersey), namun ada juga yang terhasil secara buatan manusia melalui pembinaan terusan.

Flora dan fauna[sunting | sunting sumber]

Sungai ini mengandungi dua-dua air laut dan air tawar yang membolehkan terbiaknya ikan dari kedua-dua persekitaran ini. Terdapat binaan bendung yang membolehkan ikan dua air seperti salmon merenang naik. Belut spesies Anguilla anguilla turut bertaburan dalam sungai ini di mana ia menjadi sumber makanan penduduk tepi sungai sejak berzaman-zaman. Ikan air tawar lain seperti brown trout, chub, dace, roach, barbel, perch, pike, bleak, flounder hidup sihat. Malah, ada juga kawanan kuda laut spesies Hippocampus hippocampus yang turut dijumpai dalam sungai sejak kebelakangan ini.^[1]

Sejarah hubungan dengan manusia[sunting | sunting sumber]

Zaman Rom[sunting | sunting sumber]

Zaman Pertengahan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Zaman Victoria[sunting | sunting sumber]

Sungai ini menjadi nadi paling utama dalam kegiatan perdagangan besar Empayar British yang berpust di London sehingga banyak dermagaa yang terbina melepasi kawasan Isle of Dogs. Jambatan London turut dibina semula pada 1825 dengan kurang tiang agar memudahkan pengaliran sungai serta mengurangan kemungkinan pembekuan air sungai pada musim sejuk.^[2]

Zaman moden[sunting | sunting sumber]

Lihat juga[sunting | sunting sumber]

Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ Rare seahorses breeding in Thames BBC News, 7 April 2008
^ "London, River Thames and Tower Bridge". VR London. Dicapai pada March 21. Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (bantuan); Check date values in: |accessdate= (bantuan)

Bacaan lanjut[sunting | sunting sumber]

Ackroyd, Peter (2007). Thames: Sacred River. Chatto and Windus. ISBN 0701172843.

Pautan luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

The River Thames Guide - Covers all of the Thames and many aspects including Accommodation, Thames Information, etc.
A guide to the River Thames Above Teddington - Information on boating, fishing, walking and places to eat, drink and stay.
The Thames Estuary Partnership
River Thames
Article includes map of the River Thames catchment area
Thames Gallery at the River and Rowing Museum, Henley-on-Thames
The Thames Path
The Thames Path National Trail
The Thames from Hampton Court to Sunbury Lock
Photos of the Thames at central London
Independent Guide to the River Thames and its famous Tow Path
Walks along the Thames Path
Source of the Thames from Google Maps — this map stops tracing the river at Ashton Keynes, south-west from Kemble
Michael Pead :: Photos of the River Thames
Where Thames Smooth Waters Glide - by John Eade
Physiography, T.H. Huxley, 1978 The physical geography of the Thames River Basin as seen by Huxley in 1878. Full text free to read and search, Courtesy the Carnegie Museum of Natural History Library.
The Mirror of the Sea, Joseph Conrad at Wikiquote. From the estuary to the Port of London by boat in 1906, when the port was the commercial heart of the British Empire.
London's River - An intriguing journey down the Thames in rare archive film.
Hammersmith London Regatta
[1] For more information on the Air Race.
River Thames - A Brief History Article explaining the Thames' History over 400,000 years.

Templat:River Thames

[1] Rare seahorses breeding in Thames BBC News, 7 April 2008

[freeze1-2] "London, River Thames and Tower Bridge". VR London. Dicapai pada March 21. Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (bantuan); Check date values in: |accessdate= (bantuan)

[1]

[2]