Tuna
| Tuna (Thunnini) | |
|---|---|
| |
| Aneka jenis tuna (dari atas): albakora, tuna sirip biru Atlantik, cakalang, madidihang, tuna mata besar | |
| Pengelasan saintifik | |
| Alam: | Animalia |
| Filum: | Chordata |
| Kelas: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Perciformes |
| Keluarga: | Skombride |
| Tribus: | Thunnini |
Tuna (juga dikenali sebagai tunny) adalah ikan air masin yang dimiliki oleh suku Thunnini, subkumpulan dari keluarga Scombridae (mackerel). Thunnini terdiri daripada 15 spesies di seluruh lima genera,[1] saiz yang sangat berbeza, dari tuna peluru (maks max: 50 cm (1.6 ka), berat: 1.8 kg (4 lb) ) hingga tuna biru biru Atlantik (maksima: 4.6 m (15 ka) , berat: 684 kg (1,508 lb) ). Purata birufin 2 m (6.6 ka), dan dipercayai hidup sehingga 50 tahun.
Tuna, opah, dan jerung tenggiri ialah satu-satunya spesies ikan yang dapat mengekalkan suhu tubuh lebih tinggi daripada air di sekelilingnya. Pemangsa yang aktif dan tangkas, tuna mempunyai badan yang ramping, ramping, dan merupakan antara ikan pelagik paling cepat - Tuna sirip kuning, contohnya, mampu kelajuan sehingga 75 km/h (47 mph) .[2] Ditemui di laut hangat, ia secara komersial dimasak secara komersial, dan popular sebagai ikan permainan. Hasil daripada penangkapan ikan yang berlebihan, stok beberapa spesies tuna, seperti tuna sirip biru selatan, hampir pupus.[3]
Etimologi[sunting | sunting sumber]
Istilah "tuna" akhirnya berasal dari Thunnus, bentuk Latin Tengah Bahasa Yunani Kuno: θύννος, (thýnnos), tunny-fish - yang pada gilirannya berasal dari θύνω (thýnō), "tergesa-gesa, bersama-sama".
Walau bagaimanapun, sumber langsung untuk perkataan tuna dalam Bahasa Inggeris adalah Bahasa Sepanyol Amerika <Spanish atún <Andalusia Arab at-tūn, diasimilasikan dari al-tūn التون [Modern Arabic التن]: 'ikan tuna' < thunnus Greco-Latin yang disebutkan di atas.[4]
Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ Graham, Jeffrey B.; Dickson, Kathryn A. (2004). "Tuna Comparative Physiology". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 207 (23): 4015–4024. doi:10.1242/jeb.01267. PMID 15498947.
- ^ Block, Barbara A.; Booth, David; Carey, Francis G. (1992). "Direct measurement of swimming speeds and depth of blue marlin" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Biology. 166: 267–284. ISSN 0022-0949. Dicapai 19 September 2012.
- ^ Collette B and 8 others (2011). "Thunnus maccoyii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature "This species has been intensively fished since the early 1950s. Its generation length is conservatively estimated to be 12 years. Estimated spawning stock biomass has declined approximately 85% over the past 36 years (1973–2009) and there is no sign that the spawning stock is rebuilding. It is therefore listed as Critically Endangered. Implementation of effective conservation and management measures are urgently needed."
- ^ Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. "American Heritage Dictionary Entry: tuna". ahdictionary.com.
Bibliografi[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Clover, Charles. 2004. The End of the Line: How Overfishing Is Changing the World and What We Eat. Ebury Press, London. ISBN 0-09-189780-7
- FAO: Species Catalog Vol. 2 Scombrids of the World. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125, Volume 2. FIR/S125 Vol. 2.ISBN 92-5-101381-0
- FAO: Review of the state of world marine fishery resources: Tuna and tuna-like species – Global, 2005 Rome.
- Majkowski, Jacek (1995) "Tuna and tuna-like species" In: Review of the state of world marine fishery resources, FAO Fisheries technical paper 457, FAO, Rome. ISBN 978-92-5-107023-9.
- Majkowski J, Arrizabalaga H, Carocci F and Murua H (2011) "Tuna and tuna-like species" In: Review of the state of world marine fishery resources, pages 227–244, FAO Fisheries technical paper 569, FAO, Rome. ISBN 978-92-5-107023-9.
- Standard of Identity for Canned Tuna (United States), Code of Federal Regulations: 21 CFR 161.190 – Canned tuna.
- Viñas J and Tudela S (2009) "A validated methodology for genetic identification of tuna species (genus Thunnus)" PLoS One, 4(10): e7606.
