Fail:World map of prehistoric human migrations.jpg

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Ringkasan

World map of human migrations, with the North Pole at center. Made in 2005.

Africa, harboring the start of the migration, is at the top left and South America at the far right. Migration patterns are based on studies of mitochondrial (matrilinear) DNA. Dashed lines are hypothetical migrations.

Numbers represent thousand years before present.

The blue line represents area covered in ice or tundra during the last great ice age.

The letters are the mitochondrial DNA haplogroups (pure motherly lineages); Haplogroups can be used to define genetic populations and are often geographically oriented. For example, the following are common divisions for mtDNA haplogroups:

African: L, L1, L2, L3
Near Eastern: J, N
Southern European: J, K
General European: H, V
Northern European: T, U, X
Asian: A, B, C, D, E, F, G (note: M is composed of C, D, E, and G)
Native American: A, B, C, D, and sometimes X
The letters I, J, K shown in Europe are apparently included by mistake, as they refer to Y-DNA haplogroups.

The dashed path for X, stopping in Iceland, gestures at the "Solutrean hypothesis", an idea discussed in the popular media at the time the map was made but mostly discredited since.

Data derivation

Image:Northern icesheet hg.png shows the region that was covered by ice or tundra in the last ice age

All migration data based on mitomap.
Geographic data from File:Last glacial vegetation map.png
and adding the following data File:Ice Age Temperature.png we get this interesting result File:Human-migration-temperature.jpg

Licenses

Kebenaran diberikan untuk menyalin, mengedar dan/atau mengubah dokumen ini di bawah syarat-syarat Lesen Pendokumenan Bebas GNU, versi 1.2 atau mana-mana versi selepas ini, yang diterbitkan oleh Yayasan Perisian Bebas; tanpa Seksyen yang Tak Berubah, tanpa Teks Kulit Depan dan tanpa Teks Kulit Belakang. Salinan lesen ini boleh didapati dalam seksyen yang bertajuk Lesen Pendokumenan Bebas GNU".http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.htmlGFDLGNU Free Documentation Licensetruetrue

	Fail ini dilesenkan di bawah lesen Pengiktirafan-Perkongsian Serupa 3.0 Tidak Diport Creative Commons.

	Anda bebas: untuk berkongsi – untuk menyalin, mengedar dan memindah hasil kerja untuk mencampur semula – untuk menyesuaikan karya Di bawah syarat berikut: pengiktirafan – Anda mesti memberi penghargaan yang berpatutan, bekalkan pautan ke lesen, dan tunjukkan jika perubahan telah dibuat. Anda boleh lakukannya dalam sebarang cara yang munasabah, tetapi bukan dalam sebarang cara yang mencadangkan pemberi lesen mengendors anda atau penggunaan anda. perkongsian serupa – Jika anda mengubah, adun semula, atau menokok tambah bahan, anda mesti menyebarkan sumbangan anda di bawah lesen yang sama atau serasi dengan yang asal.
	Tag pelesenan ini dibubuh pada fail ini sebagai sebahagian kemas kini pelesenan GFDLCC BY-SA 3.0truetrue

Fail ini dilesenkan di bawah lesen Pengiktirafan-Perkongsian Serupa 2.5 Umum Creative Commons.

Anda bebas:

untuk berkongsi – untuk menyalin, mengedar dan memindah hasil kerja
untuk mencampur semula – untuk menyesuaikan karya

Di bawah syarat berikut:

pengiktirafan – Anda mesti memberi penghargaan yang berpatutan, bekalkan pautan ke lesen, dan tunjukkan jika perubahan telah dibuat. Anda boleh lakukannya dalam sebarang cara yang munasabah, tetapi bukan dalam sebarang cara yang mencadangkan pemberi lesen mengendors anda atau penggunaan anda.
perkongsian serupa – Jika anda mengubah, adun semula, atau menokok tambah bahan, anda mesti menyebarkan sumbangan anda di bawah lesen yang sama atau serasi dengan yang asal.

Sejarah fail

Klik pada tarikh/waktu untuk melihat rupa fail tersebut pada waktu itu.

	Tarikh/Waktu	Ukuran	Pengguna	Komen
semasa	01:54, 2 Julai 2015	889 × 635 (274 KB)	Chronus	Reverted to version as of 03:10, 22 May 2012
	18:00, 24 Jun 2015	632 × 889 (295 KB)	SteinsplitterBot	Bot: Image rotated by 90°
	03:10, 22 Mei 2012	889 × 635 (274 KB)	84user	Reverted to version as of 19:10, 12 August 2005
	23:30, 20 Mei 2012	632 × 889 (295 KB)	Rotatebot	Bot: Image rotated by 90°
	19:10, 12 Ogos 2005	889 × 635 (274 KB)	Avsa
	21:05, 5 Ogos 2005	536 × 380 (80 KB)	Stevertigo (usurped)	reupload with similar changes, but without compression/artifacts
	21:00, 5 Ogos 2005	536 × 380 (30 KB)	Stevertigo (usurped)	altered brightness contrast - black/brown blending was distracting in last version
	20:30, 17 Julai 2005	536 × 380 (110 KB)	Avsa
	18:08, 16 Julai 2005	745 × 380 (99 KB)	Avsa	Map of human races migration, according to the mithocondrial dna. All data based on mitomap http://www.mitomap.org/WorldMigrations.pdf I ignored all data I could not understand (for example a dotted line, the +/- and the letters). If someone explains to
	18:03, 16 Julai 2005	745 × 380 (99 KB)	Avsa	Map of human races migration, according to the mithocondrial dna. All data based on mitomap http://www.mitomap.org/WorldMigrations.pdf I ignored all data I could not understand (for example a dotted line, the +/- and the letters). If someone explains to