Banjir Bir London
Banjir bir London merupakan kemalangan di Kilang Bir Horse Shoe Meux & Co, London, pada 17 Oktober 1814. Kemalangan itu berlaku apabila salah satu tong kayu penapaian porter 22-kaki tinggi (6.7 m) pecah. Tekanan cecair yang terkeluar menanggalkan injap bekas lain dan menghancurkan beberapa tong besar: antara 128,000 dan 323,000 gelen imperial (580,000–1,470,000 l; 154,000–388,000 gal A.S.) bir terkeluar pada keseluruhannya.
Gelombang porter berikutnya menghancurkan dinding belakang kilang bir dan melanda kawasan kediaman sesak yang dikenali sebagai "sarang gagak" St Giles. Lapan orang terkorban, lima daripada mereka orang yang berkabung di upacara penjagaan mayat yang diadakan oleh sebuah keluarga Ireland untuk budak lelaki berumur dua tahun. Inkues koroner mengumumkan keputusan bahawa lapan yang telah diragut nyawa "secara kasual, tidak sengaja dan oleh kemalangan".[1] Kilang bir hampir muflis oleh peristiwa tersebut; ia mengelak kejatuhan setelah memperoleh rebat dari Eksais Baginda ke atas bir yang hilang. Industri bir beransur-ansur berhenti menggunakan tong kayu besar selepas kemalangan tersebut. Kilang bir tersebut berpindah pada tahun 1921, dan Panggung Dominion kini tempat kilang bir tersebut dahulu didirikan. Meux & Co bubar pada tahun 1961.
Lihat juga[sunting | sunting sumber]
Catatan dan rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]
Catatan[sunting | sunting sumber]
Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]
Sumber[sunting | sunting sumber]
Buku[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Beames, Thomas (1852). The Rookeries of London: Past, Present and Prospective. London: T. Bosworth. OCLC 828478078.
- Brinch Kissmeyer, Anders; Garrett, Oliver (2012). "Fermentation vessels". Dalam Garrett, Oliver (penyunting). The Oxford Companion to Beer. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-536713-3.
- Clarkson, Janet (2014). Food History Almanac: Over 1,300 Years of World Culinary History, Culture and Social Influence. Lanham, MA: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4422-2715-6.
- Cornell, Martyn (2010). Amber, Gold and Black: The History of Britain's Great Beers. Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-5567-9.
- Dornbusch, Horst; Garrett, Oliver (2012). "Porter". Dalam Garrett, Oliver (penyunting). The Oxford Companion to Beer. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-536713-3.
- Foster, Terry (1992). Porter. Boulder, CO: Brewers Publications. ISBN 978-0-9373-8128-1.
- Glover, Brian (2012). The Lost Beers & Breweries of Britain. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Amberley Publishing Limited. ISBN 978-1-4456-2049-7.
- Henderson, W. O. (2005). Industrial Britain Under the Regency, 1814-18: The Diaries of Escher, Bodmer, May And De Gallois 1814-18. Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-38220-5.
- Hornsey, Ian S. (2007). A History of Beer and Brewing. London: Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 978-1-84755-002-6.
- Mayhew, Henry (1862). London Labour and the London Poor. 4. London: Charles Griffin& Co. OCLC 633789935.
- Overall, William Henry (1870). The Dictionary of Chronology, Or Historical and Statistical Register. London: W. Tegg.
- Protz, Roger (2012). Oliver, Garrett (penyunting). The Oxford Companion to Beer. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-536713-3.
- Richmond, Lesley; Turton, Alison (1990). The Brewing Industry: A Guide to Historical Records. Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-3032-1.
Jurnal[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Kirkland, Richard (Spring 2012). "Reading the Rookery: The Social Meaning of an Irish Slum in Nineteenth-Century London". New Hibernia Review / Iris Éireannach Nua. 16 (1): 16–30. doi:10.1353/nhr.2012.0000. JSTOR 23266637. S2CID 144980722.
Surat khabar[sunting | sunting sumber]
- "Accident at Meux's Brewhouse". Morning Chronicle. 20 Oktober 1814. m/s. 3.
- "Coroner's Inquest". Kentish Gazette. 25 Oktober 1814. m/s. 3.
- "Dreadful Accident". Morning Post. 19 Oktober 1814. m/s. 3.
- "The Catastrophe at Mr Meux's". Morning Post. 20 Oktober 1814. m/s. 3.
- "The Catastrophe at Mr Meux's". Morning Post. 21 Oktober 1814. m/s. 3.
- "Dreadful Accident at H. Meux & Co's Brewhouse". Caledonian Mercury. 24 Oktober 1814. m/s. 2.
- "Dreadful Accident at Meux & Co's Brewhouse". London Courier and Evening Gazette. 20 Oktober 1814. m/s. 2.
- "Dreadful Accident at H. Meux & Co's Brewhouse". The Times. 20 Oktober 1814. m/s. 3.
- "Dreadful Catastrophe at Meux & Co's Brewhouse". Northampton Mercury. 22 Oktober 1814. m/s. 3.
- "The Estate Market". The Times. 23 Februari 1922. m/s. 22.
- Tingle, Rory (17 Oktober 2014). "What really happened in the London Beer Flood 200 years ago?". The Independent.
- Urban, Sylvanus (1814). The Gentleman's Magazine: And Historical Chronicle. From Julai To December 1814. LXXXIV. London: Nichols.
Internet[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Clark, Gregory (2018). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Dicapai pada 30 Januari 2018.
- "'A real beer tsunami'. Remembering the big British beer flood of Oktober, 1814 with brewing historian Martyn Cornell". Perbadanan Penyiaran Kanada. 17 Oktober 2014. Dicapai pada 30 Julai 2019.
- Eschner, Kat (4 Ogos 2017). "This 1814 Beer Flood Killed Eight People". Institusi Smithsonian. Dicapai pada 22 Julai 2019.
- Johnson, Ben. "The London Beer Flood of 1814". Historic UK. Dicapai pada 27 Julai 2019.
- Klein, Christopher (17 Oktober 2014). "The London Beer Flood". History.com. Dicapai pada 25 Julai 2019.
- "The London Beer Flood". The History Press. Dicapai pada 25 Julai 2019.
- Makepeace, Margaret (17 Oktober 2015). "The London Beer Flood 1814 – Untold lives blog". Perpustakaan British. Dicapai pada 27 Julai 2019.
- "UCL Bloomsbury Project: Dyott Street". Kolej Universiti London. Dicapai pada 23 Julai 2019.
- "UCL Bloomsbury Project: New Street". Kolej Universiti London. Dicapai pada 23 Julai 2019.