Lewis Milestone
Lewis Milestone (lahir Leib Milstein (Bahasa Rusia: Лейб Мильштейн); [1] 30 September 1895 – 25 September 1980) merupakan seorang pengarah filem Rusia-Amerika . Beliau terkenal kerana mengarahkan Two Arabian Knights (1927) dan All Quiet on the Western Front (1930), yang kedua-duanya menerima Anugerah Akademi untuk Pengarah Terbaik . Beliau juga mengarahkan The Front Page (1931 – pencalonan), The General Died at Dawn (1936), Of Mice and Men (1939), Ocean's 11 (1960), dan menerima kredit pengarahan untuk Mutiny on the Bounty (1962), walaupun Marlon Brando sebahagian besarnya memperuntukkan tanggungjawabnya semasa pengeluarannya. [2]
Kematian[sunting | sunting sumber]
Milestone mengalami kemerosotan kesihatan pada tahun enam puluhan dan mengalami strok pada tahun 1978 sejurus selepas kematian isterinya Kendall Lee, 43 tahun. [3]
Selepas penyakit lanjut, Milestone meninggal dunia pada 25 September 1980, di Pusat Perubatan UCLA, hanya lima hari sebelum hari jadinya yang ke-85. [4]
Permintaan terakhir Lewis Milestone sebelum beliau meninggal dunia pada tahun 1980 ialah supaya Universal Studios memulihkan All Quiet on the Western Front kepada panjang asalnya. Permintaan itu akhirnya akan diberikan hampir dua dekad kemudian oleh Universal dan syarikat pemeliharaan filem lain, dan versi yang dipulihkan ini adalah apa yang dilihat secara meluas hari ini di televisyen dan video rumah. Milestone dikebumikan di Tanah Perkuburan Taman Memorial Westwood Village di Los Angeles.[perlu rujukan]
Nota kaki[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ Leib Milstein at RootsWeb'sConnect Project
- ^ "Behind the Camera - Mutiny on the Bounty ('62)". Turner Classic Movies. Dicapai pada 2020-06-27.
- ^ Millichap, 1981 p. 82: "...in 1935 [Milestone] married Kendall Lee Glaezner…" And p. 186: "In 1978, [Milestone] was shocked by the death of his wife…"
- ^ Millichap, 1981 p. 186: "Health problems plagued Milestone in later years...one personal project was an uncompleted autobiography, tentatively entitled Milestones." And p. 186: "After a succession of illnesses Lewis Milestone died on September 25, 1980, at the UCLA Medical Center, five days before his eighty-fifth birthday."
Whitely, 2020: "In 1963 he was scheduled to direct 'PT 109'...he was replaced after suffering a stroke. He was forced into retirement by his ill health and spent the last decade of his life confined to a wheelchair."
Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Arnold, Jeremy. 2009. Hallelujah, I'm a Bum. Turner Classic Movies. https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/77232/hallelujah-im-a-bum/#articles-reviews Retrieved 30 January 2021.
- Arnold, Jeremy. 2003. The Strange Love of Martha Ivers. Turner Classic Movies. https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/91604/the-strange-love-of-martha-ivers#articles-reviews?articleId=60067 Retrieved 5 February 2021.
- Arnold, Jeremy. 2008. The Red Pony. Turner Classic Movies. https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/87865/the-red-pony#articles-reviews?articleId=203353 Retrieved 11 February 2021.
- Barson, Michael. 2020. Lewis Milestone: American Film Director https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lewis-Milestone Retrieved 10 January 2021.
- Baxter, John. 1970. Hollywood in the Thirties. International Film Guide Series. Paperback Library, New York. LOC Card Number 68-24003.
- Baxter, John. 1971. The Cinema of Josef von Sternberg. London: A. Zwemmer / New York: A. S. Barnes & Co.
- Cady, Brian. 2004. The Racket (1928). Turner Classic Movies. https://dev.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/499953/the-racket#articles-reviews?articleId=85281 Retrieved 17 January 2021.
- Canham, Kingsley. 1974. The Hollywood Professional, Volume 2: Henry King, Lewis Milestone, Sam Wood. The Tantivy Press, London. ISBN 0-498-01394-4ISBN 0-498-01394-4
- Criterion Collection, 2014. Of Mice and Men (Lewis Milestone, 1939). Criterion.com https://makeminecriterion.wordpress.com/2014/01/23/of-mice-and-men-lewis-milestone-1939/ Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- Cojoc, Andrei. 2013. The Message of American pro-Soviet Movies during WW II - The North Star, Song of Russian, Mission to Moscow. http://journal.centruldedic.ro/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Andrei-Cojoc_2013-1.pdf
- Crowther, Bosley. 1951. THE SCREEN IN REVIEW; 'Halls of Montezuma,' Realistic Depiction of Goriness of War, Presented at Roxy Theatre. New York Times. January 6, 1951. https://www.nytimes.com/1951/01/06/archives/the-screen-in-review-halls-of-montezuma-realistic-depiction-of.html Retrieved 19, 2021.
- Gow, Gordon. 1971. Hollywood in the Fifties. The International Film Guide Series, A.S. Barnes & Co. New York. and The Tantivy Press.ISBN 978-0302021347ISBN 978-0302021347
- Higham, Charles and Greenberg, Joel. 1968. Hollywood in the Forties. A.S Barnes & Co. Inc. Paperback Library, New York. 1970. ISBN 9780498069284ISBN 9780498069284
- Higham, Charles. 1974. The Art of the American Film. Anchor Press, Doubleday. ISBN 978-0385069717ISBN 978-0385069717
- Higham, Charles. 1973. The Art of the American Film: 1900-1971. Doubleday & Company, Inc. New York. ISBN 0-385-06935-9ISBN 0-385-06935-9. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 70-186026.
- Hoberman, J. 2014. Soviet Valor, Revised for the '50s. Movie Home Video. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/27/movies/homevideo/lewis-milestone8217s-8216armored-attack8217-and-8216arch-of-triumph8217.html Retrieved 2 February 2021.
- Erickson, Glenn. 2010. Errol Flynn Adventures. Turner Classic Movies. https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/2891/edge-of-darkness/#articles-reviews?articleId=344157 Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- Erickson, Glenn. 2014. Arch of Triumph on Blu-Ray. Turner Classic Movies. https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/67562/arch-of-triumph#articles-rev Retrieved 10 February 2021.
- Koszarski, Richard. 1976. Hollywood Directors: 1914-1940. Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Catalog Number: 76-9262.
- Koszarski, Richard. 1983. The Man You Loved to Hate: Erich von Stroheim and Hollywood. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-503239-XISBN 0-19-503239-X
- McGee, Scott. 2003. Pork Chop Hill. Turner Classic Movies. https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/17710/pork-chop-hill#articles-reviews?articleId=31521 Retrieved 22 February 2021.
- Miller, Frank. 2007. Rain (1932). Turner Classic Movies. http://dev.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/87613/rain/#articles-reviews?articleId=161060 Retrieved 23 January 2021.
- Miller, Frank. 2010. Behind The Camera - Mutiny On The Bounty ('62). Turner Classic Movies. https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/12737/mutiny-on-the-bounty#articles-reviews?articleId=288489 Retrieved 23 February
- Millichap, Joseph R. 1981. Lewis Milestone. University of Tulsa, Twayne Publishers. C. K. Hall & Company. ISBN 0-8057-9281-3ISBN 0-8057-9281-3
- Murphy, Brenda. 1999. Congressional Theatre: Dramatizing McCarthyism on Stage, Film and Television. Cambridge University Press. http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam032/99040314.pdfISBN 0521640881
- Passafiume, Andrea. 2009. The North Star. Turner Classic Movies. https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/85227/the-north-star#articles-reviews?articleId=276075 Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- Rhodes, Gary D. 2020. The Milestones of Milestone. Los Angeles Review of Books. https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/the-milestones-of-milestone/Retrieved 10 January 2021.
- Safford, Jeff. 2008. Ocean's Eleven. Turner Classic Movies. https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/18360/oceans-eleven/#articles-reviews?articleId=88915 Retrieved 21 February 2021.
- Steffen, James. 2010. The Captain Hates The Sea. Turner Classic Movies. https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/70233/the-captain-hates-the-sea#articles-reviews?articleId=333881 Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- Steffen, James. 2007. A Walk in the Sun. Turner Classic Movies. https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/94993/a-walk-in-the-sun#articles-reviews?articleId=161092 Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- Strago, Michael. 2017. The Front Page: Stop the Presses! Criterion Collection. https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/4382-the-front-page-stop-the-presses Retrieved 22 January 2021.
- Tatara, Paul. 2009. Of Mice and Men (1939). Turner Classic Moviles https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/85392/of-mice-and-men#articles-reviews?articleId=240794 Retrieved 25 January 2021.
- Tatara, Paul. 2011. My Life With Caroline. Turner Classic Movies.https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/1584/my-life-with-caroline#articles-reviews?articleId=409106 Retrieved 31 January 2011.
- Thomson, David. 2015. All Quiet on the Western Front. https://silentfilm.org/all-quiet-on-the-western-front/ Retrieved 11 January 2021.
- Walsh, David. 2001. A dull thud; or, Filmmaking in bad faith: Ocean's Eleven, directed by Steven Soderbergh, screenplay by Ted Griffin. https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2001/12/ocea-d11.html Retrieved 1 February 2021.
- Whiteley, Chris. 2020. Lewis Milestone (1995-1978). Hollywood's Golden Age. http://www.hollywoodsgoldenage.com/moguls/lewis-milestone.html Retrieved 18 January 2021.
- Wood, Bret. 2003. The Front Page (1975). Turner Classic Movies. https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/5902/the-front-page#articles-reviews?articleId=62600 Retrieved 22 January 2021.
Pautan luar[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Lewis Milestone di Pangkalan Data Filem Internet (IMDb)
- Lewis Milestone di Find a Grave
- Lewis Milestone at Virtual History
- Lewis Milestone papers, Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences