Pertempuran al-Harra

Pertempuran al-Harra (Arab: يوم الحرة, rumi: Yawm al-Ḥarracode: ar is deprecated lit. hari al-Harra) ialah pertempuran antara tentera Syria dari khalifah Umaiyah Yazid I (r. 680–683) dipimpin oleh Muslim ibn Uqba dan pembela Madinah dari puak Ansar dan Muhajirin, yang telah menentang khalifah. Pertempuran tersebut berlaku di padang lava Harrat Waqim di pinggir timur laut Medina pada 26 Ogos 683 dan bertahan kuran pg daripada sehari.

Sumber

• Anthony, Sean W. (2016). "The Meccan Prison of ʿAbdallāh b. al-Zubayr and the Imprisonment of Muḥammad b. al-Ḥanafiyya". Dalam Pomerantz, Maurice A.; Shahin, Aram A. (penyunting). The Heritage of Arabo-Islamic Learning: Studies Presented to Wadad Kadi. Leiden and Boston: Brill. m/s. 3–27. ISBN 978-90-04-30590-8.
• Biesterfeldt, Hinrich; Günther, Sebastian (2018). The Works of Ibn Wāḍiḥ al-Yaʿqūbī (Volume 3): An English Translation. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-35621-4.
• Templat:EI2
• Templat:The First Dynasty of Islam
• Templat:The History of al-Tabari
• Kister, M. J. (1977). "The Battle of the Ḥarra: Some Socio-Economic Aspects". Dalam Myriam Rosen Ayalon (penyunting). Studies in Memory of Gaston Wiet. Jerusalem: Institute of Asian and African Studies. m/s. 33–49.
• Lassner, Jacob (1986). Islamic Revolution and Historical Memory: An Inquiry Into the Art of ʻAbbāsid Apologetics. American Oriental Society.
• Lecker, Michael (1985). "Muhammad at Medina – A Geographical Approach". Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam. 6: 29–62.
• Lecker, Michael (2011). "The Jewish Reaction to the Islamic Conquests". Dalam Krech, Volkhard; Steinicke, Marion (penyunting). Dynamics in the History of Religions Between Asia and Europe: Encounters, Notions, and Comparative Perspectives. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-18500-5.
• Templat:EI2
• Templat:The History of al-Tabari
• Templat:EI2
• Templat:The Arab Kingdom and its Fall

Bacaan lanjut

• Bewley, Aisha (2000). The Men of Madina by Muhammad Ibn Sa'd, Volume 2. Ta-Ha Publishers. ISBN 9781897940907.