Lihat sumber bagi Agra

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<!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details -->{{Infobox Indian Jurisdiction |
native_name=Agra |
type = Bandar raya | 
locator_position=left |
latd = 27.18|longd=78.02|
state_name=Uttar Pradesh |
district=[[Daerah Agra|Agra]] |
altitude= 171|
population_as_of = 2001 | 
population_total = 1,259,979 | 
population_density =  |
area_magnitude = 6 |
area_total= |
area_telephone= 0562 |
postal_code= 282 001 |
vehicle_code_range= UP-80 |
footnotes = | 
}}
[[File:Aks The Reflection Taj Mahal.jpg|thumb|Taj Mahal Agra]]
'''Agra''' {{audio|Agra.ogg|sebutan}} ({{lang-hi|आगरा}}, {{lang-ur|آگرا}}), ([[Abjad Fonetik Antarabangsa|IPA]]: {{IPA|ɑːɣrə}}) merupakan sebuah kota di lembah [[Sungai Yamuna]] di [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. Ia disebut dalam [[mahakarya]] [[Mahabharata]] sebagai ''Agrabana are Paradise''. [[Ptolemy]], ahli [[geografi]] [[abad ke-2]] yang terkenal, mencatat kota ini dalam peta dunianya sebagai Agra. 

Tradisi dan legenda mengatakan bahawa bandar raya Agra masa kini diasaskan oleh Raja Badal Singh (k.k. [[1475]]) yang kubunya, [[Badalgarh]], terletak di tempat kubu kini atau berhampirannya. Bagaimanapun Salman, [[pemuisi]] [[Parsi]] [[abad ke-12]], menulis tentang sebuah serangan terdesak oleh [[Sultan Mahmud dari Ghazni]] ke atas bandar berkubu Agra yang dipegang oleh Raja Jaipal ketika itu.  <ref name="Indian Government Website">[http://agra.nic.in/hist.htm Laman web rasmi Agra]</ref> Agra diperintah oleh Sultan [[Sikandar Lodi]] pada tahun [[1506]]. Ia mencapai kemasyhuran sebagai ibu kota maharaja-maharaja [[Mughal]] dari tahun [[1526]] hingga tahun [[1658]] dan kini masih merupakan sebuah destinasi melancong yang utama kerana bangunan-bangunan zaman Mughalnya yang tersengam, khususnya, [[Taj Mahal]], [[Kubu Agra]], dan [[Fatehpur Sikri]], dengan ketiga-tiga bangunan ini kini merupakan [[Tapak Warisan Dunia]] [[UNESCO]].

== Geografi ==
Kedudukan Agra ialah {{coor d|27.18|U|78.02|T,|}} <ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Agra.html Laman web ''Falling Rain Genomics, Inc:'' Agra]</ref> di [[lembah]] [[Sungai Yamuna]]. Tinggi puratanya 171&nbsp;[[meter]] (561&nbsp;[[Kaki (ukuran)|kaki]]). Ia menyempadani [[Mathura]] di utara, [[Dhaulpur]] di selatan, [[Firozabad]] di timur, [[Fatehabad, Agra|Fatehabad]]  di tenggara, dan [[Bharatpur]] di barat. Agra merupakan bandar raya yang ketiga terbesar di [[Uttar Pradesh]].

== Demografi ==
Menurut [[banci]] India pada tahun [[2000]], Agra mempunyai jumlah penduduk sebanyak 1,259,979 orang, dengan 53% merupakan [[lelaki]] dan 47% merupakan [[perempuan]]. Kadar [[kenal huruf]] Agra sebanyak 65% mengatasi kadar purata negara sebanyak 63.5%,  dengan 76% lelaki dan 53% perempuan boleh membaca. 11% daripada jumlah penduduk adalah kurang daripada umur 6 tahun.
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==Sejarah==
[[Image:Taj Mahal in March 2004.jpg|thumb|240px|Taj Mahal.]]

Agra is a medieval city situated on the banks of the river [[Yamuna]]. It is generally accepted that Sultan [[Sikandar Lodi]], the Ruler of [[Delhi Sultanate]] founded it in the year [[1504]]. After the sultan's death the city passed on to his son Sultan [[Ibrahim Lodi]]. He ruled his Sultanate from Agra till he fell fighting to [[Babur]] in the [[First battle of Panipat]] fought in [[1526]].

The golden age of the city began with the [[Mughals]]. It was known then as Akbarabad and remained the capital of the [[Mughal Empire]] under Emperor [[Akbar]], [[Jahangir]] and [[Shah Jahan]]. [[Shah Jahan]] later shifted his capital to [[Shahjahanabad]] in the year [[1649]].

Since Akbarabad was one of the most important cities in India under the [[Mughals]], it witnessed a lot of building activity. [[Babar]], the founder of the Mughal dynasty laid out the first formal Persian garden on the banks of river Yamuna. The garden is called the Aram Bagh or the Garden of Relaxation. His grandson [[Akbar]] raised the towering ramparts of the Great Red Fort besides making Agra a center for learning arts, commerce and religion. Akbar also built a new city on the outskirts of Akbarabad called [[Fatehpur Sikri]]. This city was built in the form of a Mughal military camp in stone.

His son [[Jahangir]] had a love of gardens and flora and fauna and laid many gardens inside the Red Fort or Laal Kila. [[Shah Jahan]] known for his keen interest in architecture gave Akbarabad its most prized monument, The [[Taj Mahal]]. Built in loving memory of his wife [[Mumtaz Mahal]], the mausoleum was completed in [[1648]].

[[Shah Jahan]] later shifted the capital to [[Delhi]] during his reign, but this son [[Aurangzeb]] shifted the capital back to Akbarabad and had his father imprisoned in the Fort there. Akbarabad remained capital of India during the rule of [[Aurangzeb]] till he shifted it to [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]] in the [[Deccan]] in [[1653]]. After the decline of the [[Mughal Empire]], the city came under the influence of [[Marathas]] and [[Jats]] and was called Agra, before falling into the hands of the [[British Raj]] in [[1803]].

==Tempat-tempat menarik==
[[Image:TM_from_Red_Fort.jpg|thumb|240px|Taj Mahal from Agra fort]]

===Taj Mahal===
Agra's [[Taj Mahal]] is one of the most famous buildings in the world, the mausoleum of Shah Jahan's favorite wife, [[Mumtaz Mahal]]. One of three [[World Heritage Sites|World Heritage Site]] in Agra, other being Agra Fort and Fatehpur Sikri.

Completed in 1653 A.D., The Taj Mahal built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan as the final resting place for his favourite Queen, Mumtaz. Finished in by Marvel, it is perhaps India most fascinating and beautiful monument. This perfectly symmetrical monuments took 22 years (1630-1652) of hard labour and 20,000 workers, Masons and Jewellers to built and is set amidst landscaped gardens. Built by the Persian architect, Ustad Isa, The Taj Mahal the bank of the Yamuna river. It can be observed like a Mirage from the Agra Fort from where Emperor Shah Jahan stared at it, for the last eight years his life as a prisoner of his son Aurangzeb. It is a masterpiece of symmetry, Seeming to be floating in the air from a distance, and each revealed as an illusion experienced as one enters through the main gate. The verses of Holy Koran as inscribed on it and at the top of gate 22 small domes, signifying the number of years the monument took to built. The Taj Mahal has been built on a Marvel Plateform that stands above a sandstone one. The most elegant dome of the Taj, with diameter of 60 feet, rises 80 feet, over the building and directly under the dome is the tomb of Mumtaz Mahal. Shah Jahan's tomb has been erected next to hers by his son Aurangzeb. Fantastic Inley works using semi-precious stones decorate and interiors.

Open Time : 6 A.M. to 7.30 P.M. (Friday is closed)

===Agra Fort===
Another world heritage site in Agra. Agra's dominant structure, the [[Agra Fort]] (sometimes called the ''Red Fort''), was built by Akbar in [[1565]]. The red sandstone fort was renovated and converted into a palace during Shah Jahan's time, and reworked extensively with [[marble]] and [[pietra dura]] inlay. Notable buildings in the fort include the [[Pearl Mosque]], the Diwan-e-Am and Diwan-e-Khas (halls of public and private audience), Jehangir's Palace, Khaas Mahal, Sheesh Mahal (mirrored palace), and Musamman Burj.

The great Mughal Emperor Akbar commissioned the construction of the Agra Fort in 1565 A.D., although additions were made  till the time of his grandson Shah Jahan. The forbidding exteriors of this fort hide an inner paradise. The fort is crescent shaped, flattened on the east with a long, nearly straight wall facing the river. It has a total perimeter of 2.4 k.m., and is ringed by double castellated ramparts of red sandstone punctuated at regular intervals by bastions. A 9 mt. wide and 10 mt. deep moat surround the outer wall.

===Fatehpur Sikri===
Maharaja Mughal [[Akbar]] membina [[Fatehpur Sikri]] kira-kira 35 km dari Agra, dan memindahkan ibu kota baginda ke sana. Selepas dibiarkan, tempat ini menunjukkan berbilangan bangunan yang mempunyai kepentingan sejarah. A [[World Heritage Sites|World Heritage Site]], tempat ini sering dikunjungi oleh pelancong ke Agra.

===Itmad-Ud-Daulah's Tomb===
Empress [[Nur Jehan]] built [[Itmad-Ud-Daulah's Tomb]], sometimes called the ''Baby Taj'', for her father, Ghias-ud-Din Beg, the Chief Minister of Emperor Jahangir. Small in comparison to many other Mughal-era tombs, it is sometimes described as a jewel box. Its garden layout and use of white marble, pietra dura, inlay designs and [[latticework]] presage many elements of the Taj Mahal.

===Jama Masjid=== 
The [[Jama Masjid (Agra)|Jama Masjid]] is a large mosque attributed to Shah Jahan's daughter, Princess [[Jahanara Begum]], built in 1648, notable for its unusual dome and absence of minarets.

===Chini Ka Rauza===
Notable for its [[Persian architecture|Persian]] influenced dome of blue glazed tiles, the [[Chini Ka Rauza]] is dedicated to the Prime Minister of Shah Jahan, Allama Afzel Khal Mullah Shukrullah of Shiraz.

===Ram Bagh===
The oldest [[Mughal garden]] in India, the [[Ram Bagh]] was built by the Emperor [[Babur]] in [[1528]].  It lies about 2.34 kms north of Taj Mahal. 

===Soami Bagh Samadh===
The Soami Bagh Samadh is the mausoleum of Huzur [[Shiv Dayal Singh|Soamiji Maharaj]] ([[Shiv Dayal Singh|Shri Shiv Dayal Singh]]) in the [[Dayalbagh]] section in the outskirts of the city.  He was the founder of the [[Radha Soami|Radhasoami Faith]] and the Samadh is sacred to its followers.  Construction began in 1908, and it is believed that construction will never end.  It is often seen as the "next Taj Mahal". The carvings in stone, using a combination or coloured marble, is life-like and not seen anywhere else in India. The picture shown is taken from the backside and shows only two floors. When completed, the samadh will have a carved dome and a gateway.

===Sikandra (Akbar's tomb)===
[[Sikandra]], the last resting place of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal Emperor]] [[Akbar]], is only 13 kilometres from the [[Agra Fort]]. [[Akbar]]'s tomb reflects the completeness of his personality. The vast, beautifully carved, red-ochre sandstone tomb is set amidst a lush garden. [[Akbar]] himself planned his own tomb and selected a suitable site for it. To construct a tomb in one's lifetime was a [[Tartary]] custom which the [[Mughal]]s followed religiously. [[Akbar]]'s son [[Jahangir]] completed the construction of this pyramidal tomb in 1613.

===Kubur Mariam===
[[Kubur Mariam]], enroute to Sikandra, is the last resting place of Akbar's Christian wife.

===Mehtab Bagh===
[[Mehtab Bagh]], is on the opposite bank of River Yamuna on which the Taj is present. 

<center>
<gallery>
Image:Akbar-tomb.jpg|Mughal Emperor Akbar's Tomb, near Agra, India.
Image:Dayal-bagh-12.JPG|Soami Bagh Samadh, in Dayalbagh.
Image:Fatehpur-sikri-6-panch-mahal.JPG|Panch Mahal in [[Fatehpur Sikri]].
</gallery>
</center>

==Iklim==
Iklim Agra adalah [[tropikal]] and prone to extremes, menghampiri setinggi 45ºC (113ºF) semasa musim panas dan serendah 4ºC (40ºF) pada musim sejuk. Musim hujan adalah di antara bulan Jun dan September, dan bandar ini menerima hujan tahunan sebanyak 660 millimeter (26 inci).

==Jajahan utama==
Major Colonies in Agra are Shubham Appartments, Kailashpuri,Nirbhay Nagar,Ashok Nagar, Lajpat Kunj, New Agra,Tej Nagar,Kamla Nagar, Dwarka Puram, Karma Yogi Enclave,Brij Vihar,Natraj Puram,Kunwar Colony, Nehru Nagar,Lawyer's Colony, Transport Nagar, Pratappura, Rajpur Chungi, Sainik Nagar, Raja Ki Mandi,gandhi nagar, manas nagar, jaipur house

==Pendidikan==
Agra mempunyai beberapa buah sekolah dan kolej yang baik. Sesetengahnya ialah:
* St. Peter's College
* St. Patrick's Junior College
* St. Joseph Inter College
* St. George's College
* St. Paul's Church School
* St. Conrad's College
* St. Clare's sen. sec. school
* M.D.Jain Inter College
* Maharaja Agrasen Inter College
* T.C.Chandra Inter College
* Agra Public School
* Holy Public School
* Govt. Inter College
* BHARTIYA VIDYAPEETH.
* Smt.Bhagwati Devi Jain Girls Inter College.
* Raja Balwant Singh College (RBS College)
* [[St. John's College]]
* Agra College[1823A.D]
* HOME SCIENCE INSTITUTE
* D.E.I
* INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, AGRA UNIVERSITY
* [[Faculty Of Engineering & Technology, Raja Balwant Singh College]], Bichpuri
* INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY KHANDARI CAMPUS,AGRA
* Institute of Basic Sciences
* SPCJ
* Anand Engineering College
--->

== Rujukan ==
<references/>

== Pautan luar ==
* [http://agra.nic.in/ Laman web rasmi Agra]
* [http://www.agraindia.org.uk/index.html Laman web ''AgraIndia:'' Panduan Agra]
* [http://www.travel-uttarpradesh.com/agra.htm Laman web ''Travel-Uttarpradesh:'' Pelancongan Agra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071104154344/http://www.travel-uttarpradesh.com/agra.htm |date=2007-11-04 }}
* [http://www.agra-india.net/ Laman web ''Agra-India:'' Panduan Bandaraya Agra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060310202509/http://www.agra-india.net/ |date=2006-03-10 }}
* [http://www.bizagra.com/ Laman web ''Bizagra:'' Pelancongan Agra]
* [http://www.oriental-rugs-history.com/india-rugs.html#Agra-Rugs Laman web ''Oriental Rugs:'' Ambal Agra]
* [http://wikimapia.org/#y=27190000&x=78010000&z=12&l=0&m=a&v=2 Laman web ''Wikimapia:'' Agra]
* {{wikivoyage|Agra}}
* [http://agralivein/ Laman web ''AgraLiveIn:'' Segala tentang Agra]{{Pautan putus|date=Ogos 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.visitindiacity.com/agra/ Laman web ''VisitIndiaCity: Panduan Bandaraya Agra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071203020250/http://www.visitindiacity.com/agra/ |date=2007-12-03 }}


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