Helah keyakinan

Kartun politik oleh JM Staniforth: Herbert Kitchener cuba mengumpul £100,000 untuk sebuah kolej di Sudan dengan memanggil nama Charles George Gordon

Helah keyakinan ialah percubaan untuk menipu seseorang atau kumpulan selepas mula mendapat kepercayaan mereka. Helah keyakinan mengeksploitasi mangsa menggunakan kepercayaan mereka, kenaifan, belas kasihan, kesombongan, keyakinan, tidak bertanggungjawab dan tamak. Penyelidik telah mendefinisikan helah keyakinan sebagai "spesies tersendiri kelakuan penipuan [...] yang berniat untuk meneruskan pertukaran sukarela yang tidak menguntungkan bersama", kerana mereka "menguntungkan pengendali penipu ('con men') dengan mengorbankan mangsa mereka ('tanda')".^[1]

Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ Huang, Lindsey; Orbach, Barak (2018). "Con Men and Their Enablers: The Anatomy of Confidence Games". Social Research: An International Quarterly. 85 (4): 795–822.

Bacaan lanjut[sunting | sunting sumber]

Bell, J. Bowyer; Whaley, Barton (1982). Cheating and Deception (reprint 1991). Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-0887388682.
Blundell, Nigel (1984) [1982]. The World's Greatest Crooks and Conmen and other mischievous malefactors. Octopus Books. ISBN 978-0706421446.
Dillon, Eamon (2008) [2008]. The Fraudsters: Sharks and Charlatans – How Con Artists Make Their Money. Merlin Publishing. ISBN 978-1903582824.
Ford, Charles V. (1999) [1999]. Lies! Lies!! Lies!!!: The Psychology of Deceit. American Psychiatric. ISBN 978-0880489973.
Henderson, Les (2000). Crimes of Persuasion: Schemes, scams, frauds. Coyote Ridge. ISBN 978-0968713303.
Kaminski, Marek M. (2004). Games Prisoners Play. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691117218.
Konnikova, Maria (2016). The Confidence Game: Why We Fall for It...Every Time. ISBN 978-0525427414.
Lazaroff, Steven & Rodger, Mark (2018) [2018]. History's Greatest Deceptions and Confidence scams. Rodger & Laz Publishing S.E.N.C. ISBN 978-1775292128.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
Maurer, David W. (1999) [1940]. The Big Con: The Story of the Confidence Man and the Confidence Game. Bobbs Merrill / Anchor Books. ISBN 978-0385495387.
Maurer, David W. (1974). The American Confidence Man. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher. ISBN 978-0398029746.
Reading, Amy (2012). The Mark Inside: A Perfect Swindle, a Cunning Revenge, and a Small History of the Big Con. Knopf. ISBN 978-0307473592.
Smith, Jeff (2009). Soapy Smith: The Life and Death of a Scoundrel. Juneau: Klondike Research. ISBN 978-0981974309.
Sutherland, Edwin Hardin (1937). The Professional Thief (reprint 1989). University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0226780511.
Weil, J.R. "Yellow Kid" (1948) [2004]. Con Man: A Master Swindler's Own Story. Broadway Books. ISBN 978-0767917377.
Zhang, Yingyu (2017). The Book of Swindles: Selections from a Late Ming Collection. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0231178631.

Pautan luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

"Arrest of the Confidence Man". The Lost Museum, (GMU). Police Intelligence. New York Herald. July 8, 1849.
Book of Swindles. ChinaFile.com. 2017-11-15. Confidence tricks in China.
"Prepaid funeral scam". FBI.gov.
"The Blonger Bros". blongerbros.com. Lou Blonger was the head of a large gang of confidence men running the Big Con in 1910s Denver.
"To Catch a Con Man". Dateline NBC investigation. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2007-03-24.

[Huang18-1] Huang, Lindsey; Orbach, Barak (2018). "Con Men and Their Enablers: The Anatomy of Confidence Games". Social Research: An International Quarterly. 85 (4): 795–822.

[1]