Banjir Zankle
Banjir Zankle merupakan satu teori pembanjiran yang telah mengisi semula air pada Laut Mediterranean sekitar 5.33 juta tahun dahulu.[1] Banjir ini menamatkan krisis kemasinan Messina dan menghubungkan semula Laut Mediterranean ke Lautan Atlantik, walaupun mungkin sebelum banjir terdapat sambungan separa ke Lautan Atlantik.[2] Penyambungan semula menandakan permulaan usia Zankle yang merupakan nama yang diberikan kepada usia terawal pada epok Pliosen yang tertera pada skala masa geologi.
Menurut model ini, air dari Lautan Atlantik mengisi semula lembangan yang telah kering melalui Selat Gibraltar yang wujud sehingga ke zaman moden. Sembilan puluh peratus daripada banjir Lembangan Mediterranean berlaku secara tiba-tiba dalam tempoh yang dianggarkan antara beberapa bulan dan dua tahun, berikutan pelepasan air rendah yang boleh bertahan selama beberapa ribu tahun.[3] Kenaikan paras laut di lembangan mungkin telah mencapai kadar pada masa lebih besar daripada 10 meter setiap hari (30 kaki per hari). Berdasarkan ciri-ciri hakisan yang terpelihara sehingga ke zaman moden di bawah sedimen epok Pliosen, Garcia-Castellanos et al. menganggarkan bahawa air mengalir turun lebih daripada 1 kilometer (0.6 bt) dengan pelepasan maksimum kira-kira 100 juta kubik meter per saat (3.5 bilion kubik kaki per saat), kira-kira 1,000 kali ganda berbanding Sungai Amazon pada masa kini. Kajian tentang struktur bawah tanah di Selat Gibraltar menunjukkan bahawa saluran banjir menurun secara beransur-ansur ke arah dasar lembangan dan bukannya membentuk air terjun yang curam.[3]
Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]
Petikan dalam barisan[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ Blanc, P.-L. (2002). "The opening of the Plio-Quaternary Gibraltar Strait: assessing the size of a cataclysm". Geodinamica Acta. 15 (5–6): 303–317. Bibcode:2002GeoAc..15..303B. doi:10.1016/S0985-3111(02)01095-1.
- ^ Efe, Recep (17 March 2014). Environment and Ecology in the Mediterranean Region II (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Cambridge Scholars Publishing. m/s. 11. ISBN 978-1-4438-5773-4.
- ^ a b Garcia-Castellanos dll. 2009.
Sumber[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Abril, J.M.; Periáñez, R. (December 2016). "Revisiting the time scale and size of the Zanclean flood of the Mediterranean (5.33Ma) from CFD simulations". Marine Geology. 382: 242–256. Bibcode:2016MGeol.382..242A. doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2016.10.008. hdl:11441/136760. ISSN 0025-3227.
- Blanc, Paul-Louis (30 May 2012). "The opening of the Plio-Quaternary Gibraltar Strait: assessing the size of a cataclysm". Geodinamica Acta. 15 (5–6): 303–317. doi:10.1080/09853111.2002.10510763. S2CID 219554781.
- Cipollari, Paola; Cosentino, Domenico; Radeff, Giuditta; Schildgen, Taylor F.; Faranda, Costanza; Grossi, Francesco; Gliozzi, Elsa; Smedile, Alessandra; Gennari, Rocco; Darbaş, Güldemin; Dudas, Francis Ö; Gürbüz, Kemal; Nazik, Atike; Echtler, Helmut (1 January 2013). "Easternmost Mediterranean evidence of the Zanclean flooding event and subsequent surface uplift: Adana Basin, southern Turkey". Geological Society, London, Special Publications (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 372 (1): 473–494. Bibcode:2013GSLSP.372..473C. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1027.7824. doi:10.1144/SP372.5. ISSN 0305-8719. S2CID 140134998.
- Cornée, Jean-Jacques; Münch, Philippe; Achalhi, Mohammed; Merzeraud, Gilles; Azdimousa, Ali; Quillévéré, Frédéric; Melinte-Dobrinescu, Mihaela; Chaix, Christian; Moussa, Abdelkhalak Ben; Lofi, Johanna; Séranne, Michel; Moissette, Pierre (March 2016). "The Messinian erosional surface and early Pliocene reflooding in the Alboran Sea: New insights from the Boudinar basin, Morocco". Sedimentary Geology. 333: 115–129. Bibcode:2016SedG..333..115C. doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2015.12.014. ISSN 0037-0738.
- Estrada, Ferran; Ercilla, Gemma; Gorini, Christian; Alonso, Belén; Vázquez, Juan Tomás; García-Castellanos, Daniel; Juan, Carmen; Maldonado, Andrés; Ammar, Abdellah; Elabbassi, Mohammed (1 December 2011). "Impact of pulsed Atlantic water inflow into the Alboran Basin at the time of the Zanclean flooding". Geo-Marine Letters (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 31 (5–6): 361–376. Bibcode:2011GML....31..361E. doi:10.1007/s00367-011-0249-8. ISSN 0276-0460. S2CID 129672297.
- Garcia-Castellanos, Daniel; Estrada, F.; Jiménez-Munt, I.; Gorini, C.; Fernàndez, M.; Vergés, J.; Vicente, R. De (2009). "Catastrophic flood of the Mediterranean after the Messinian salinity crisis". Nature (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 462 (7274): 778–781. Bibcode:2009Natur.462..778G. doi:10.1038/nature08555. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 20010684. S2CID 205218854.
- Garcia-Castellanos, Daniel; Micallef, Aaron; Estrada, Ferran; Camerlenghi, Angelo; Ercilla, Gemma; Periáñez, Raúl; Abril, José María (February 2020). "The Zanclean megaflood of the Mediterranean – Searching for independent evidence". Earth-Science Reviews (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 201: 103061. Bibcode:2020ESRv..20103061G. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.103061. hdl:10261/197916.
- Just, Janna; Hübscher, Christian; Betzler, Christian; Lüdmann, Thomas; Reicherter, Klaus (1 February 2011). "Erosion of continental margins in the Western Mediterranean due to sea-level stagnancy during the Messinian Salinity Crisis". Geo-Marine Letters (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 31 (1): 51–64. Bibcode:2011GML....31...51J. doi:10.1007/s00367-010-0213-z. ISSN 0276-0460. S2CID 129769389.
- Periáñez, R.; Abril, J.M. (April 2015). "Computational fluid dynamics simulations of the Zanclean catastrophic flood of the Mediterranean (5.33Ma)". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 424: 49–60. Bibcode:2015PPP...424...49P. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.02.017. hdl:11441/136694. ISSN 0031-0182.
- Silva, P.G.; Elez, Javier; Huerta, Pedro; Llovera, Jorge; Perucha, Maria Angeles; Roquero, Elvira; Rodriguez-Pascua, Miguel; Martínez-Graña, A; Azcárate, Teresa; Reicherter, Klaus (6 November 2017). "Sedimentary record of pre-Quaternary tsunamis in the Gibraltar Strait area after the Zanclean flooding" (PDF). IX Reunião do Quaternário Ibérico, Faro: 137–140 – melalui ResearchGate.
- Spatola, Daniele; del Moral-Erencia, José David; Micallef, Aaron; Camerlenghi, Angelo; Garcia-Castellanos, Daniel; Gupta, Sanjeev; Bohorquez, Patricio; Gutscher, Marc-André; Bertoni, Claudia (December 2020). "A single-stage megaflood at the termination of the Messinian salinity crisis: Geophysical and modelling evidence from the eastern Mediterranean Basin". Marine Geology (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 430: 106337. Bibcode:2020MGeol.43006337S. doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106337. hdl:10261/219626. S2CID 225211097.
- Stoica, Marius; Krijgsman, Wout; Fortuin, Anne; Gliozzi, Elsa (January 2016). "Paratethyan ostracods in the Spanish Lago-Mare: More evidence for interbasinal exchange at high Mediterranean sea level". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 441: 854–870. Bibcode:2016PPP...441..854S. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.10.034. hdl:11590/283925. ISSN 0031-0182.
- Urlaub, Morelia; Gross, Felix; Krastel, Sebastian; Geletti, Riccardo; Facchin, Lorenzo; Barreca, Giovanni; Gutscher, Marc-André; Otero, Daniel Cunarro; Garcia-Castellanos, Daniel; Camerlenghi, Angelo; Micallef, Aaron (18 January 2018). "Evidence of the Zanclean megaflood in the eastern Mediterranean Basin". Scientific Reports (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 8 (1): 1078. Bibcode:2018NatSR...8.1078M. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19446-3. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5773550. PMID 29348516.
Pautan luar[sunting | sunting sumber]
Kategori berkenaan Messinian salinity crisis di Wikimedia Commons- "Dramatic flood filled Mediterranean Sea". Agence France-Presse. 10 December 2009. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 9 July 2013. Dicapai pada 2 December 2010.
