Ganesha
| Ganesh (Gaṇeśa) | |
|---|---|
![Basohli miniature, circa 1730. National Museum, New Delhi, India.[1]](/wiki/Fail:Ganesha_Basohli_miniature_circa_1730_Dubost_p73.jpg) Basohli miniature, circa 1730. National Museum, New Delhi, India.[1] |
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| Devanagari: | गणेश |
| Penggabungan: | Deva |
| Mantra: | ॐ गणेशाय नमः (Oṃ Gaṇeśāya Namaḥ) |
| Senjata: | Paraśu (Axe),[2] Pāśa (Lasso),[3] Aṅkuśa (Hook)[4] |
| Pasangan: | Buddhi (wisdom), Riddhi (prosperity), Siddhi (attainment) |
| Gunung: | Mouse/Rat |
Bentara Ganesha atau Dewa Ganesha (Sanskrit: गणेश; Gaṇeśa; dengar ), juga dieja Ganesa atau Ganesh dan juga dikenali sebagai Ganapati, Vinayaka, dan Pillaiyar, merupakan salah satu dewa yang paling terkenal dan paling disembah dalam Hinduisme.[5] Imejnya didapati di sepanjang India.[6] Mazhab-mazhab Hindu menyembahnya tidak terkira penggabungannya.[7] Pemujaan ke Ganesha adalah secara lebar diffused dan extends ke pengikut Jainisme, Budisme, dan beyong India.[8]
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Tolong bantu menterjemahkan sebahagian rencana ini. Rencana ini memerlukan kemaskini dalam Bahasa Melayu piawai Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Sila membantu, bahan-bahan boleh didapati di Ganesha. Sumber-sumber bantuan: Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu. |
Although he is known by many other attributes, Ganesha's elephant head makes him easy to identify.[9] Ganesha is widely revered as the Remover of Obstacles[10] and more generally as Lord of Beginnings and Lord of Obstacles (Vighnesha, Vighneshvara),[11] patron of arts and sciences, and the deva of intellect and wisdom.[12] He is honoured at the start of rituals and ceremonies and invoked as Patron of Letters during writing sessions.[13] Several texts relate mythological anecdotes associated with his birth and exploits and explain his distinct iconography.
Ganesha emerged as a distinct deity in clearly recognizable form in the 4th and 5th centuries CE, during the Gupta Period, although he inherited traits from Vedic and pre-Vedic precursors.[14] His popularity rose quickly, and he was formally included among the five primary deities of Smartism (a Hindu denomination) in the 9th century. A sect of devotees called the Ganapatya, (Sanskrit: गाणपत्य; gāṇapatya), who identified Ganesha as the supreme deity, arose during this period.[15] The principal scriptures dedicated to Ganesha are the Ganesha Purana, the Mudgala Purana, and the Ganapati Atharvashirsa.
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Patung Ganesha ini dibuat di Wilayah Mysore di Karnataka pada abak ke-13.
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Patung Ganesha moden di Malaysia.
[sunting] Rujukan
- ↑ "Ganesha getting ready to throw his lotus. Basohli miniature, circa 1730. National Museum, New Delhi!. Attired in an orange dhoti, his body is entirely red. On the three points of his tiny crown, budding lotuses have been fixed. Gaṇeśa holds in his two right hands the rosary and a cup filled with three modakas (a fourth substituted by the curving trunk is just about to be tasted). In his two left hands, Gaṇeśa holds a large lotus above and an axe below, with its handle leaning against his shoulder. In the Mudgalapurāṇa (VII, 70), in order to kill the demon of egotism (Mamāsura) who had attacked him, Gaṇeśa Vighnarāja throws his lotus at him. Unable to bear the fragrance of the divine flower, the demon surrenders to Gaṇeśa." For quotation of description of the work, see: Martin-Dubost (1997), p. 73.
- ↑ See:
- For the paraśu (axe) as a weapon of Ganesha, see: Jansen, p. 40.
- For the paraśu as an attribute of Ganesha, see: Nagar, Appendix I.
- ↑ See:
- For the snare as a weapon of Ganesha, see: Jansen, p. 46.
- For the pāśa as weapon of Ganesha in various forms, see: Nagar, Appendix I.
- ↑ See:
- For the elephant hook as a weapon of Ganesha, see: Jansen. p. 46.
- For the aṅkuśa as an attribute of Ganesha, see: Nagar, Appendix I.
- ↑ Rao, p. 1.
- ↑ See:
- Brown, p. 1. "Gaṇeśa sering dikatakan sebagai dewa yang paling sering disembah di India."
- Getty, p. 1. "Gaṇeśa, Tuan Gaṇas, walaupun di kalangan dewa-dewa yang terkini dianggap sebagai pantheon Brahmanik, telah, dan masih, yang paling secara universal dipuji dari semua dewa-dewa Hindu, dan imejnya didapati hampir di setiap bahagian India."
- ↑ See:
- Rao, p. 1.
- Martin-Dubost, pp. 2–4.
- Brown, p. 1.
- ↑ See:
- Chapter XVII, "The Travels Abroad", in: Nagar (1992), pp. 175–187. For a review of Ganesha's geographic spread and popularity outside of India.
- Getty, pp. 37-88, For discussion of the spread of Ganesha worship to Nepal, Chinese Turkestan, Tibet, Burma, Siam, Indo-China, Java, Bali, Borneo, China, and Japan
- Martin-Dubost, pp. 311–320.
- Thapan, p. 13.
- Pal, p. x.
- ↑ Martin-Dubost, p. 2.
- ↑ See:
- Thapan, p. 254.
- Commentary on Gaṇapati Upaniṣad, verse 12 in Saraswati 2004, p. 80 for Ganesha's role as an eliminator of obstacles
- ↑ These ideas are so common that Courtright uses them in the title of his book, Ganesha: Lord of Obstacles, Lord of Beginnings. For the name Vighnesha, see: Courtright 1985, p. 156, 213
- ↑ Heras 1972, p. 58
- ↑ Getty, p. 5.
- ↑ Narain, A. K. "Gaṇeśa: The Idea and the Icon" in Brown 1991, p. 27
- ↑ For history of the development of the gāṇapatya and their relationship to the wide geographic dispersion of Ganesha worship, see: Chapter 6, "The Gāṇapatyas" in: Thapan (1997), pp. 176–213.
