James while John had had had had had had had had had had had a better effect on the teacher

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"James while John had had had had had had had had had had had a better effect on the teacher" ialah frasa bahasa Inggeris yang digunakan untuk mendemonstrasikan kesamaran leksikal dan perlunya tanda baca,[1] yang berperanan sebagai pengganti intonasi,[2] tekanan, dan berhenti seketika dalam perbincangan manusia.[3] Dalam penyelidikan pemprosesan manusia, frasa ini digunakan untuk menunjukkan bagaimana pembaca bergantung pada tanda baca untuk memberi maksud bagi frasa ini, terutama dalam konteks memindai beberapa baris teks.[4] Frasa ini kadangkala ditunjukkan sebagai teka-teki yang dijawab dengan menambahkan tanda baca.

Frasa ini bermaksud: Ada dua murid, James dan John, yang dalam ujian bahasa Inggeris diminta menjelaskan seorang lelaki yang, pada masa lalu, pernah menderita demam. John menulis "The man had a cold" yang dipersalahkan oleh gurunya, sementara James menulis jawapan yang benar, "The man had had a cold." Kerana benar, jawapan James telah membuat gurunya faham.

Frasa ini boleh difahami lebih jelas lagi dengan menambahkan tanda baca dan penekanan:

James, while John had had "had", had had "had had"; "had had" had had a better effect on the teacher.[5]

Lihat juga[sunting | sunting sumber]

Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]

  1. ^ Magonet, Jonathan (2004). A rabbi reads the Bible (ed. 2nd). SCM-Canterbury Press. m/s. 19. ISBN 978-0-334-02952-6. Dicapai pada 2009-04-30. You may remember an old classroom test in English language. What punctuation marks do you have to add to this sentence so as to make sense of it?
  2. ^ Alan Dundes; Carl R. Pagter (1987). When you're up to your ass in alligators: more urban folklore from the paperwork empire (ed. Illustrated). Wayne State University Press. m/s. 135. ISBN 0-8143-1867-3. Dicapai pada 2009-04-30. The object of this and similar tests is to make sense of a series of words by figuring out the correct intonation pattern.
  3. ^ Hudson, Grover (1999). Essential introductory linguistics. Wiley-Blackwell. m/s. 372. ISBN 0-631-20304-4. Dicapai pada 2009-04-30. Writing is secondary to speech, in history and in the fact that speech and not writing is fundamental to the human species.
  4. ^ van de Velde, Roger G. (1992). Text and thinking: on some roles of thinking in text interpretation (ed. Illustrated). Walter de Gruyter. m/s. 43. ISBN 3-11-013250-8. Dicapai pada 2009-04-30. In scanning across lines, readers also make use of the information parts carried along with the punctuatuion markes: a period, a dash, a colon, a semicolon or a comma may signal different degrees of integration/separation between the groupings.
  5. ^ "Problem C: Operator Jumble". 31st ACM International Collegiate Programming Conference, 2006–2007.

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