Govinda

Govinda dan Gopāla (Sanskrit / Hindi: गोविन्दcode: sa is deprecated / गोविंदcode: hi is deprecated dan गोपालcode: sa is deprecated ) (juga dikenali sebagai Govind, Gobind dan Gopal) adalah nama Vishnu yang bermaksud Penggembala Lembu dan Pelindung Lembu. Nama-nama ini juga ditujukan kepada Krishna, merujuk kepada kegiatannya yang muda sebagai seorang budak lembu. Nama ini muncul sebagai nama 187 dan 539 nama Wisnu Vishnu di Vishnu Sahasranama. Dewa Vishnu atau penjelmaan lengkapnya Krishna dianggap sebagai Tuhan Tertinggi dalam tradisi Vaishnava dan juga oleh tradisi pan-Hindu.

Gopala Krishna dari Krishnaism sering dikontraskan dengan Vedisme ketika Krishna meminta pengikutnya untuk berhenti dari penyembahan demagod Vedic seperti penyembahan Indra. Karenanya watak Gopala Krishna sering dianggap sebagai non-Vedic dalam satu tafsiran, sementara itu juga dapat didasarkan pada pemahaman yang populer atau agak salah faham dari teks Rig Veda.^[1]

Menurut Klaus Klostermaier, Kumar Gopijanavallabha - Krishna yang kekasih Gopis - adalah tahap terakhir dalam proses sejarah yang mengakibatkan Krishnaisme kontemporari, yang ditambahkan pada penyembahan Bala Krishna (Bhagawale Anak Krishna), dan kultus asli Krishna-Vasudeva yang mungkin bermula beberapa abad sebelum Era Bersama.^[2]

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^ Ramkrishna Gopal Bhandarkar, Ramchandra Narayan Dandekar (1976). Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar as an Indologist: A Symposium. India: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute. m/s. 38–40.
^ Klostermaier, Klaus K. (2005). A Survey of Hinduism (ed. 3rd). State University of New York Press. m/s. 206. ISBN 0-7914-7081-4. Present day Krishna worship is an amalgam of various elements. According to historical testimonies Krishna-Vasudeva worship already flourished in and around Mathura several centuries before Christ. A second important element is the cult of Krishna Govinda. Still later is the worship of Bala-Krishna, the Divine Child Krishna—a quite prominent feature of modern Krishnaism. The last element seems to have been Krishna Gopijanavallabha, Krishna the lover of the Gopis, among whom Radha occupies a special position. In some books Krishna is presented as the founder and first teacher of the Bhagavata religion.

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Hein, Norvin (May 1986). "A Revolution in Kṛṣṇaism: The Cult of Gopāla". History of Religions. 25 (4): 296–317. doi:10.1086/463051. JSTOR 1062622.

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[1] Ramkrishna Gopal Bhandarkar, Ramchandra Narayan Dandekar (1976). Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar as an Indologist: A Symposium. India: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute. m/s. 38–40.

[kk20072-2] Klostermaier, Klaus K. (2005). A Survey of Hinduism (ed. 3rd). State University of New York Press. m/s. 206. ISBN 0-7914-7081-4. Present day Krishna worship is an amalgam of various elements. According to historical testimonies Krishna-Vasudeva worship already flourished in and around Mathura several centuries before Christ. A second important element is the cult of Krishna Govinda. Still later is the worship of Bala-Krishna, the Divine Child Krishna—a quite prominent feature of modern Krishnaism. The last element seems to have been Krishna Gopijanavallabha, Krishna the lover of the Gopis, among whom Radha occupies a special position. In some books Krishna is presented as the founder and first teacher of the Bhagavata religion.

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