Lihat sumber bagi Himantura

{{Huraian pendek|Genus ikan}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|37.2|0}} [[Oligosen]] hingga Kini<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=354629 |title=†''Himantura'' Müller and Henle 1837 (ray)|website=Fossilworks}}</ref>
| image = Himantura uarnak egypt.jpg
| image_caption = [[Pari rimau]] (''Himantura uarnak'')
| taxon = Himantura
| authority = [[Johannes Peter Müller|J. P. Müller]] & [[Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle|Henle]], 1837 
| type_species = ''[[Pari rimau|''Raja sephen uarnak]]''
| type_species_authority = [[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|J. F. Gmelin]], 1789
}}

'''''Himantura''''' ialah genus [[pari sengat]] dalam keluarga [[Dasyatidae]] yang berasal dari [[Indo-Pasifik]]. Dalam semakan taksonomi pada 2016, banyak spesies yang dahulunya dikelompokkan dalam ''Himantura'' telah dipindahkan ke dalam genus lain (''[[Brevitrygon]]'', ''[[Fluvitrygon]]'', ''[[Maculabatis]]'', ''[[Pateobatis]]'', ''[[Styracura]]'' dan ''[[Urogymnus]]'').<ref name=Last2016>{{cite journal |author1=Last, P.R. |author2=Naylor, G.J. |author3=Manjaji-Matsumoto, B.M. |year=2016 |title=A revised classification of the family Dasyatidae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) based on new morphological and molecular insights |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4139 |issue=3 |pages=345–368 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.2|pmid=27470808 }}</ref>

==Spesies==
Kini, dua belas spesies wujud diakui sebagai sah,<ref>{{FishBase genus|genus=Himantura}}</ref><ref name=WoRMS>{{cite WoRMS |author= Bailly, Nicolas|year= 2014 |title= ''Himantura'' Müller & Henle, 1837|id= 105752|access-date=2 Julai 2023}}</ref> sebelum ini hanya ada empat atau lima.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Fernando, D. |author2=Brown, R.M.K. |author3=Tanna, A. |author4=Gobiraj, R. |author5=Ralicki, H. |author6=Jockusch, E.L. |author7=Ebert, D.A. |author8=Jensen, K. |author9=Caira, J.N. |year=2019 |title=New insights into the identities of the elasmobranch fauna of Sri Lanka |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4585 |issue=2 |pages=201–238|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4585.2.1 |pmid=31716166 |s2cid=146082424 |doi-access=free }}</ref>	

{{Senarai spesies berpaut
|Himantura alcockii| (Annandale, 1909) 
|Himantura australis| Last, White & Naylor, 2016 
|Himantura fava| (Annandale, 1909) 
|Himantura fluviatilis| (Hamilton, 1822) 
|Himantura krempfi| (Chabanaud, 1923) 
|Himantura leoparda| [[Bernadette Mabel Manjaji-Matsumoto|Manjaji-Matsumoto]] & [[Peter R. Last|Last]], 2008 
|Himantura marginata| (Blyth, 1860) 
|{{extinct}}Himantura menoni| (Sahni & Mehrotra, 1981)<ref name=SR>{{Cite web|url=https://shark-references.com/species/listValidFossil/H|title=Extinct - valid species {{!}} Species {{!}} Shark-References|website=shark-references.com|access-date=2023-07-06}}</ref>
|Himantura microphthalma| (Chen, 1948) 
|Himantura pareh| (Bleeker, 1852)
|{{extinct}}Himantura souarfortuna| Adnet et al., 2020 <ref name=SR/>
|Himantura tutul| Borsa, Durand, Shen, Alyza, Solihin & Berrebi, 2013 
|Himantura uarnak| ([[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|J. F. Gmelin]], 1789) (pari rimau)
|Himantura undulata| ([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1852) (pari batik)
}}

Spesies ''Himantura tutul'' yang dahulunya diperbalahkan,<ref name=Borsaetal2013>{{cite journal |author1=Borsa, P.|author2=Durand, J.-D. |author3=Shen, K.-N.|author4=Arlyza, I.S. |author5=Solihin, D.D.|author6=Berrebi, P. |year=2013 |title=''Himantura tutul'' sp. nov. (Myliobatoidae, Dasyatidae), a new ocellated whipray from the tropical Indo-West Pacific, described from its cytochrome-oxidase I gene sequence |journal=Comptes Rendus Biologies |volume=336 |issue=2 |pages=82–92 |doi=10.1016/j.crvi.2013.01.004|pmid=23608177 |s2cid=13204782 |url=https://hal.ird.fr/ird-00820396/file/Himantura_tutul_p_HAL_20130422_SupplMat_v2.pdf }}</ref> telah dipertikaikan kesahihannya<ref name=Weigmann2016>{{cite journal |author1=Weigmann, S.|year=2016 |title=Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity |journal=Journal of Fish Biology |volume=88|issue=3 |pages=837–1037 |doi=10.1111/jfb.12874|pmid=26860638 }}</ref> dan dianggap sebagai sinonim muda bagi ''H. uarnak'' oleh [[Catalog of Fishes]].<ref name=CoF>{{cite web | author1=Eschmeyer, W.N. | author2=R. Fricke | author3=R. van der Laan | date=24 April 2018 | url=http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp |title=Catalog of Fishes | publisher=California Academy of Sciences |accessdate=24 April 2018 }}</ref> Namun, ''H. tutul'' sebelum ini bukan dikelirukan dengan ''H. uarnak'', sebaliknya ''H. leoparda'', dan ia kemudian terbukti berbeza secara genetik dan terasing secara pembiakan daripada ''H. uarnak'' dan ''H. leoparda''.<ref name=Arlyzaetal2013>{{cite journal |author1=Arlyza, I.S. |author2=Shen, K.-N. |author3=Solihin, D.D.|author4=Soedharma D. |author5=Berrebi, P. |author6=Borsa, P. |year=2013 |title=Species boundaries in the Himantura uarnak species complex (Myliobatiformes : Dasyatidae) |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=66 |issue=1 |pages=429–435 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2012.09.023|pmid=23023209 |s2cid=17310045 |url=http://hal.ird.fr/ird-00758049/file/MS_Himantura_uarnak_p._HAL.pdf }}</ref><ref name=Borsa2017>{{cite journal |author=Borsa, P. |year=2017 |title=Comment on 'Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity' by Weigmann (2016) |journal=Journal of Fish Biology |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=1170–1175 | doi=10.1111/jfb.13235|pmid=28026866 |url=http://hal.ird.fr/ird-01532870/file/RESPONSE%20TO%20WEIGMANN_Manuscrit%20p%20haL.pdf }}</ref><ref name="Borsa et al 2021">{{cite journal |author1=Philippe Borsa |author2=Collin T. Williams |author3=Ashlie J. McIvor |author4=Thierry B. Hoareau |author5=Michael L. Berumen |title=Neotype designation and re-description of Forsskål's reticulate whipray ''Himantura uarnak'' |journal=Marine Biodiversity |volume=51 |date=2021 |issue=2 |pages=28 |doi=10.1007/s12526-021-01180-1 |hdl=10754/665804 |s2cid=255610805 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12526-021-01180-1|hdl-access=free }}</ref> Kedua-dua ''H. leoparda'' dan ''H. tutul'' mempunyai tompok kecil mirip harimau bintang. Ia lebih kecil dan tidak begitu banyak pada ''H. tutul''.<ref name="Borsaetal2013">{{cite journal|author1=Borsa, P.|author2=Durand, J.-D.|author3=Shen, K.-N.|author4=Arlyza, I.S.|author5=Solihin, D.D.|author6=Berrebi, P.|year=2013|title=''Himantura tutul'' sp. nov. (Myliobatoidae, Dasyatidae), a new ocellated whipray from the tropical Indo-West Pacific, described from its cytochrome-oxidase I gene sequence|url=https://hal.ird.fr/ird-00820396/file/Himantura_tutul_p_HAL_20130422_SupplMat_v2.pdf|journal=Comptes Rendus Biologies|volume=336|issue=2|pages=82–92|doi=10.1016/j.crvi.2013.01.004|pmid=23608177|s2cid=13204782}}</ref><ref name=Arlyzaetal2013/><ref name=Borsa2017/>

==Sinonim==
Data daripada:<ref name=WoRMS/>
* ''Himantura alcocki'': sinonim bagi ''Himantura alcockii''
* ''Himantura astra'': sinonim bagi ''[[Maculabatis astra]]''
* ''Himantura bleekeri'': sinonim bagi ''[[Pateobatis bleekeri]]''
* ''Himantura chaophraya'': sinonim bagi ''[[Urogymnus polylepis]]''
* ''Himantura chaophrya'': sinonim bagi ''[[Urogymnus polylepis]]''
* ''Himantura dalyensis'': sinonim bagi ''[[Urogymnus dalyensis]]''
* ''Himantura draco'': sinonim bagi ''[[Pateobatis jenkinsii]]''
* ''Himantura fai'': sinonim bagi ''[[Pateobatis fai]]''
* ''Himantura gerrardi'': sinonim bagi ''[[Maculabatis gerrardi]]''
* ''Himantura granulata'': sinonim bagi ''[[Urogymnus granulatus]]''
* ''Himantura heterurus'': sinonim bagi ''[[Brevitrygon heterura]]''
* ''Himantura hortlei'': sinonim bagi ''[[Pateobatis hortlei]]''
* ''Himantura imbricata'': sinonim bagi ''[[Brevitrygon imbricata]]''
* ''Himantura javaensis'': sinonim bagi ''[[Brevitrygon javaensis]]''
* ''Himantura jenkinsii'': sinonim bagi ''[[Pateobatis jenkinsii]]''
* ''Himantura lobistoma'': sinonim bagi ''[[Urogymnus lobistoma]]''
* ''Himantura oxyrhyncha'': sinonim bagi ''[[Fluvitrygon oxyrhynchus]]''
* ''Himantura pacifica'': sinonim bagi ''[[Styracura pacifica]]''
* ''Himantura pastinacoides'': sinonim bagi ''[[Maculabatis pastinacoides]]''
* ''Himantura polylepis'': sinonim bagi ''[[Urogymnus polylepis]]''
* ''Himantura ponapensis'': sinonim bagi ''[[Urogymnus granulatus]]''
* ''Himantura punctata'': sinonim bagi ''[[Himantura uarnak]]''
* ''Himantura randalli'': sinonim bagi ''[[Maculabatis randalli]]''
* ''Himantura schmardae'': sinonim bagi ''[[Styracura schmardae]]''
* ''Himantura signifer'': sinonim bagi ''[[Fluvitrygon signifer]]''
* ''Himantura toshi'': sinonim bagi ''[[Maculabatis toshi]]''
* ''Himantura uarnacoides'': sinonim bagi ''[[Pateobatis uarnacoides]]''
* ''Himantura walga'': sinonim bagi ''[[Brevitrygon walga]]''

==Rujukan==
{{senarairujuk}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q135505}}

[[Kategori:Himantura| ]]
[[Kategori:Dasyatidae]]