Keluarga Koch
Keluarga Koch (/koʊk/ KOHK) ialah keluarga Amerika Syarikat yang berkecimpung di dunia perniagaan. Mereka terkenal kerana aktiviti politiknya (menyumbang ke lembaga-lembaga libertarian, pembaharuan keadilan jenayah, dan Parti Republikan) dan menguasai Koch Industries, syarikat swasta terbesar kedua di Amerika Serikat (pendapatan $100 bilion pada tahun 2017).[1] Perniagaa keluarga ini dirintis oleh Fred C. Koch, pencipta kaedah perekahan baru untuk menyuling minyak mentah berat menjadi bensin.[2][3] Keempat-anak anak Fred saling menggugat antara satu sama lain atas kepentingan mereka dalam syarikat ini pada tahun 1980-an dan 1990-an.[4]
Charles G. Koch dan David H. Koch, biasanya diberi jolokan Koch bersaudara (Koch brothers), berahli gabungan dengan yayasan keluarga Koch. Charles ialah satu-satunya anak Fred yang masih bekerja di Koch Industries.[5] Charles dan David Koch telah membangun rangkaian politik yang berahlikan penderma konservatif. Keduanya menanamkan pendapatan mereka untuk mendanai iklan televisyen dan multimedia.[6]
Ahli keluarga
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Fred C. Koch (1900–1967), juruteknik kimia dan usahawan Amerika Syarikat, pengasas syarikat loji minyak Amerika Syarikat yang kemudian menjadi Koch Industries, salah seorang ahli pengasas John Birch Society[7][8][9][10]
- Mary Robinson Koch (1907–1990),[11] isteri Fred C. dan asal nama kapal tangki milik syarikat, Mary R. Koch
- Empat putra Fred C. dan Mary Robinson Koch:[11]
- Frederick R. Koch (lahir 1933), pengumpul
- Charles G. Koch (lahir 1935), pengerusi lembaga dan ketua pegawai eksekutif Koch Industries
- David H. Koch (1940–2019), timbalan presiden eksekutif Koch Industries
- William Koch (lahir 1940), ahli perniagaan, pelayar, dan pengumpul
Lihat juga
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Charles Koch Arena
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research
- David H. Koch Theater
- The Science of Success
Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ "Forbes America's Largest Private Companies". Forbes.com. Dicapai pada 2017-08-09.
- ^ Koch, Charles C. (2007). The Science of Success: How Market-Based Management Built the World's Largest Private Company. John Wiley & Sons. m/s. 6. ISBN 978-0-470-13988-2.
- ^ "Koch Industries, Inc". Company Profile Report. Hoover's, Inc. 2010. Dicapai pada 2010-05-10.
[W]hen he tried to market his invention, the major oil companies sued him for patent infringement. Koch eventually won the lawsuits (after 15 years in court), but the controversy made it tough [?!] to attract many US customers.
- ^ "Epic struggle among Koch brothers ends". Houston Chronicle. May 26, 2001. m/s. 2.
- ^ Schulman, Daniel (2014-05-20). "Koch vs. Koch: The Brutal Battle That Tore Apart America's Most Powerful Family". Mother Jones. Dicapai pada 2014-06-21.
- ^ Reid Wilson (February 7, 2014). "Why there's no Democratic version of the Koch brothers organization". Washington Post.
- ^ Davis, Jonathan T. (1997). Forbes Richest People: The Forbes Annual Profile of the World's Wealthiest Men and Women. Wiley. m/s. 138. ISBN 978-0-471-17751-7.
Founding member (1958) John Birch Society – reportedly after seeing Russian friends liquidated
- ^ Hoover's 500: Profiles of America's Largest Business Enterprises. Hoover's Business Press. 1996. m/s. 286. ISBN 978-1-57311-009-9.
In 1929 Koch took his process to the Soviet Union, but he grew disenchanted with Stalinism and returned home to become a founding member of the anticommunist John Birch Society.
- ^ Wayne, Leslie (7 December 1986). "Brothers at Odds". The New York Times. NY. m/s. Sec. 6; Part 2, p 100 col. 1. ISSN 0362-4331.
He returned a fervent anti-Communist who would later become a founding member of the John Birch Society.
- ^ Diamond, Sara (1995). Roads to Dominion: Right-Wing Movements and Political Power in the United States. NY: Guilford Press. m/s. 324 n. 86. ISBN 0-89862-862-8.
- ^ a b "Fred and Mary Koch Foundation". Fmkfoundation.org. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-11-14. Dicapai pada 2014-05-23.