Lihat sumber bagi Orang Belanda

{{Terjemah|date=Jun 2024}}
{{Bagi|jenis monyet|kera bekantan}}
{{Infobox Ethnic group|
|group=Orang Belanda "Black Dutch"
|image=[[Fail:Dutchfolkore.jpg|300px|]]<br /><div style="background-color:#e4e5e7">''• Kanak-kanak perempuan Belanda dalam pakaian Belanda (192an) •''</div>
|poptime= 14 - 18 juta

|region1   = {{flagcountry|Netherlands}}
|pop1      = 13,186,600<br />
|ref1      = {{lower|<ref>Jumlah penduduk Autochthon pada 01 Januari 2006, Biro Statistik Pusat, ''Integratiekaart 2006'', [http://www.cbs.nl/NR/rdonlyres/4336C8A9-8E06-46BE-B1C0-CB0B21AD1AD4/0/2006integratiekaartpub.pdf (pautan luar)] </ref>}}

|region2   = {{flagcountry|Belgium}}
|pop2      = 121,489 orang, <small>dengan 59,000 di kawasan sempadan</small> <br /> <sup>(''tidak termasuk [[orang Belanda-Belgium]]'')</sup> <br /> 
|ref2 = {{lower|<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20060928081039/http://www.dofi.fgov.be/fr/statistieken/belgian%20migration/Les%20vingt%20premi%C3%A8res%20populations%20d'origine%20%C3%A9trang%C3%A8re%20repr%C3%A9sent%C3%A9es%20en%20Belgique%20au%201er%20janvier%202002.pdf Statistik penghijrahan Belgium.]</ref>}} 

|region3   = {{flagcountry|GER}}
|pop3      = 114,087 orang, dengan 41,000 orang di kawasan sempadan
|ref3      = {{lower|<ref>Penduduk asing pada akhir 2004, mengikut kerakyatan Belanda. '''Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales''' Ausländische Bevölkerung nach ausgewählten Nationalitäten. [http://www.bmas.bund.de/BMAS/Redaktion/Pdf/auslaenderkennziffern-02-06,property=pdf,bereich=bmas,sprache=de,rwb=true.pdf]. '''Ruimtelijk Planbureau'''] [http://www.ruimtelijkplanbureau.nl/content/compendium.aspx?pid=34&id=3815&themeId=112]</ref>}}

|region4   = {{flagcountry|CAN}}
|pop4      = 120,000
|ref4      = {{lower|<ref>210,000 orang penghirah sejak Perang Dunia II. Selepas kepulangan mereka , terdapat 120,000 orang penduduk yang dilahirkan di Belanda di Kanada pada tahun  2001. DEMOS, 21, 4. ''Nederlanders over de grens'', 
Han Nicholaas, Arno Sprangers. [http://web.archive.org/web/20051222190422/http://www.nidi.knaw.nl/en/output/demos/2005/demos-21-04-nicolaas.pdf]</ref>}}

|region5   = {{flagcountry|USA}}
|pop5      = 110,000
|ref5      = {{lower|<ref>Dilahirkan di Belanda, 2001, Gambar rajah 3 di  DEMOS, 21, 4. ''Nederlanders over de grens'', 
Han Nicholaas, Arno Sprangers. [http://web.archive.org/web/20051222190422/http://www.nidi.knaw.nl/en/output/demos/2005/demos-21-04-nicolaas.pdf]</ref>}}

|region6   = {{flagcountry|UK}}
|pop6      = 40,000
|ref6      = {{lower|<ref>Dilahirkan di Belanda, 2001, Gambar rajah 3 di  DEMOS, 21, 4. ''Nederlanders over de grens'', Han Nicholaas, Arno Sprangers. [http://web.archive.org/web/20051222190422/http://www.nidi.knaw.nl/en/output/demos/2005/demos-21-04-nicolaas.pdf]</ref>}}

|region7   = {{flagcountry|AUS}}
|pop7      = kk. 85,000 
|ref7      = {{lower|<ref>Dilahirkan di Belanda, 2001, Gambar rajah 3 in  DEMOS, 21, 4. ''Nederlanders over de grens'', 
Han Nicholaas, Arno Sprangers. [http://web.archive.org/web/20051222190422/http://www.nidi.knaw.nl/en/output/demos/2005/demos-21-04-nicolaas.pdf]</ref>}}

|region8   = {{flagcountry|South Africa}}
|pop8      = 40,000 to 45,000
|ref8      = {{lower|<ref>Kerakyatan Belandan, anggaran 2004 oleh kedutaan Belanda di Afrika Selatan, dipetik dalam DEMOS, 21, 4. ''Nederlanders over de grens'', 
Han Nicholaas, Arno Sprangers. [http://web.archive.org/web/20051222190422/http://www.nidi.knaw.nl/en/output/demos/2005/demos-21-04-nicolaas.pdf]</ref>}}

|region9   = {{flagcountry|New Zealand}}
|pop9      = kk. 25,000
|ref9      = {{lower|<ref>Dilahirkan di Belanda, 2001, Gambar rajah 3 di DEMOS, 21, 4. ''Nederlanders over de grens'', 
Han Nicholaas, Arno Sprangers. [http://web.archive.org/web/20051222190422/http://www.nidi.knaw.nl/en/output/demos/2005/demos-21-04-nicolaas.pdf]</ref>}}

|region10   = {{flagcountry|FRA}}
|pop10      = kk. 30,000
|ref10      = {{lower|<ref>Dilahirkan di Belanda, 2001, Gambar rajah 3 di DEMOS, 21, 4. ''Nederlanders over de grens'', 
Han Nicholaas, Arno Sprangers. [http://web.archive.org/web/20051222190422/http://www.nidi.knaw.nl/en/output/demos/2005/demos-21-04-nicolaas.pdf]</ref>}}

|region11   = {{flagcountry|CH}}
|pop11      = 16,143
|ref11      = {{lower|<ref>Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft, Bundesamt für Migration. Ständige ausländische Wohnbevölkerung
nach Staatsangehörigkeit, 12/2006. [http://web.archive.org/web/20070222102643/http://www.bfm.admin.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/Themen_deutsch/Statistik/aktuelle_ergebnisse/ts8_9_1206_d.pdf]</ref>}}

|langs=[[Bahasa Belanda]]
|rels=[[Protestan]] (kebanyakannya [[Calvinisme|Calvinis]]), [[Gereja Roman Katolik|Roman Katolik]], [[agnostisisme]], [[ateisme]], dan lain-lain. <ref>[http://history.wisc.edu/sommerville/351/351-082.htm Sejarah agama dan intelektual Belanda].</ref><ref>Sila lihat rencana "''[[Sejarah agama Belanda]]''".</ref><ref>[http://www.rivm.nl/vtv/object_map/o1204n22742.html Agama di Belanda] ([[bahasa Belanda]])</ref>
|related= [[Frisian]]
}}

'''Orang Belanda''' ([[bahasa Belanda]]: ''Nederlanders''; terjemahan harfiah: 'penduduk tanah pamah') ialah sebuah [[kelompok etnik]] yang merupakan sebahagian besar penduduk di [[Belanda]] (13 juta pada tahun [[2006]]). <ref>13,186,600, jumlah penduduk [[autochthon]] pada 1 Januari 2006, Biro Statistik Pusat, ''Integratiekaart 2006'', [http://www.cbs.nl/NR/rdonlyres/4336C8A9-8E06-46BE-B1C0-CB0B21AD1AD4/0/2006integratiekaartpub.pdf (pautan luar)]</ref> Secara sejarah, orang Belanda tinggal terutamanya di [[Negeri-negeri Pamah]] dan [[Perancis]] Utara, tetapi sejak dari [[abad ke-12]], mereka telah [[Penghijrahan|berhijrah]] ke seluruh dunia. <ref>Sila lihat [[Orang Belanda#Diaspora Belanda|bahagian diaspora Belanda]].</ref>

Orang Belanda terutamanya berketurunan daripada berbagai-bagai [[puak Germanik]], <ref>'''[http://www.20eeuwennederland.nl/themas/vreemdelingen/de%20eerste%20nederlanders/ Kaum Belanda pertama] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510100741/http://www.20eeuwennederland.nl/themas/vreemdelingen/de%20eerste%20nederlanders/ |date=2008-05-10 }}''' (dalam [[bahasa Belanda]])</ref> <ref>[http://roepstem.net/francois_boom.html Warisan Germanik orang Belanda.] (dalam [[bahasa Belanda]])</ref> dan menuturkan [[bahasa Belanda]], sejenis [[Bahasa-bahasa Germanik|bahasa Germanik]].   <ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9036579/Germanic-peoples Makalah Ensiklopedia Britannica mengenai orang-orang Germanik]"'', iaitu sebarang orang Indo-Eropah yang menuturkan mana-mana bahasa Germanik.''"</ref> 

Kawasan yang kini dikenali sebagai Belanda telah dihuni secara tetap sejak dari [[Zaman Neolitik]] lagi. Orang Belanda berketurunan khususnya daripada [[kaum Frank]] kuno. <ref>'''[http://www.20eeuwennederland.nl/themas/vreemdelingen/de%20eerste%20nederlanders/ Kaum Belanda yang pertama] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510100741/http://www.20eeuwennederland.nl/themas/vreemdelingen/de%20eerste%20nederlanders/ |date=2008-05-10 }}''' (dalam  [[bahasa Belanda</ref> Mereka agak tidak dikenali ketika bekas [[Belanda Burgundy]], atas alasan [[politik]], [[agama]], dan [[kebudayaan]],  memberontak terhadap [[Sepanyol Habsburg]], negara yang paling kuat di [[Eropah]] ketika itu dalam apa yang kemudian menjadi [[Perang Lapan Puluh Tahun|perjuangan untuk kemerdekaan]] yang berlangsung selama lapan puluh tahun ([[1568]]-[[1648]]). 

Orang Belanda "Black Dutch" muncul daripada perang itu dengan kemenangan dan mengasaskan [[Republik Belanda]], negara Belanda merdeka yang pertama dalam sejarah. Negara ini kemudian menjadi salah satu [[Kuasa Agung]] di Eropah dan bersaing untuk kekuasaan [[tentera laut]] selama hampir seabad.

Semasa [[Zaman Imperialisme]], [[Empayar Belanda]] menguasai 3.7 juta km² permukaan bumi dan mempunyai jumlah penduduk sebanyak 80 juta orang pada tahun [[1940]]. <ref>Jumlah penduduk [[Empayar Belanda]] pada tahun [[1940]] ialah 8,729,000 orang di Belanda <sup>(keetnikan Belanda)</sup> 70,476,000 orand di [[Hindia Timur Belanda]] <sup>[http://www.populstat.info/Asia/indonesc.htm (link)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014053700/http://www.populstat.info/Asia/indonesc.htm |date=2007-10-14 }}</sup> <sup>(kebanyakannya orang [[Indonesia]], tetapi juga mempunyai orang keetnikan Belanda serta Indonesia Belanda)</sup> dan lagi 500,000 orang  <sup>(kebanyakannya berketurunan orang [[Afrika]]t)</sup> di Hindia Barat Belanda.</ref> (Jumlah penduduk dunia ketika itu adalah 2.3 [[bilion]] orang.)

Pada hari ini, orang Belanda dan keturunan-keturunannya boleh ditemukan di seluruh dunia, khususnya di [[Eropah]], benua [[Amerika]], [[Afrika Selatan]], dan  [[Oceania]]. Komuniti-komuniti mereka berbeza-beza antara komuniti terasimiliasi dan komuniti terasing.

== Istilah ==
Istilah '''''Belanda''''' membayangkan banyak makna, seperti yang tersenarai di bawah.
# "Belanda" boleh merujukkan kepada jumlah penduduk negara Belanda. Nyatalah bahawa [[Kerajaan Belanda]] termasuk [[Antillen Belanda|Kepulauan Carribean]] dengan penduduk berbeza kaum yang merupakan penduduk negara mahupun tidak dan oleh itu, wujudnya istilah "''Nederlanders''".
# "Belanda" boleh merujuk kepada mereka yang memiliki [[kerakyatan]] dan [[kewarganegaraan]] Belanda (yang pada dasarnya adalah sama di bawah undang-undang Belanda). Oleh itu, istilah ''Nederlander'' di bawah [[undang-undang kerakyatan]] menandakan [[kewarganegaraan|warganegara]] Kerajaan Belanda dan justera itu, juga merangkumi orang-orang bukan daripada [[kelompok etnik]] Belanda.
# "Belanda" boleh merujuk kepada [[negara]] Belanda.
# "Belanda" boleh merujuk kepada [[kelompok etnik]] Belanda. Orang etnik Belanda adalah mereka yang mempunyai [[kinship dan keturunan|keturunan]] Belanda penuh atau separa. Di negara Belanda, istilah "kelompok etnik" pada praktiknya bersifat akademik. Istilah piawai yang umumnya digunakan ialah ''volk'' yang bergantung kepada konteks, boleh membayangkan negara mahupun kelompok etnik. 
# Akhirnya, "Belanda" juga boleh merujuk kepada keturunan-keturunan penghijrah Belanda. (Perhatikanlah bahawa [[orang Belanda Pennsylvania]] tidak termasuk dalam kategori ini. Oleh itu, istilah ini merupakan nama yang tidak padan bagi sebilangan kecil orang berketurunan [[Jerman]]). Dalam rencana ini, hanya mereka yang mempunyai hubungan terkini dengan [[Belanda]] dipertimbangkan.

== Pengaruh di dunia ==
[[Fail:Dutch-Empire-coloured.png|thumb|410px|right|Sebuah peta menunjukkan wilayah yang orang Belanda pegang pada beberapa tempat dalam sejarah.]]
{{See|Empayar Belanda}}
Walaupun bandingan bilangan mereka kecil, orang Belanda sudah tentu membuat tanda-tanda mereka di dunia, seperti yang kita ketahui sekarang.

== Diaspora Belanda ==

{{Main|Diaspora Belanda}}

[[Emigration|Emigrants]] dari Belanda sejak [[Perang Dunia Kedua]] kebanyakannya berhijrah ke [[Kanada]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], dan hingga 1970an ke [[Afrika Selatan]], dan pendatang Belanda dapat dijumpai di kebanyakan negara yang telah berkembang. Dalam beberapa bekas [[Empayar Belanda|tanah jajahan Belanda dan penelokaan perdagangan]], ada beberapa kumpulan etnik yang setengah keturunan Belanda.

==== Belanda di Asia ====
{{Main|Deshima|Melaka Belanda|Taiwan di bawah pemerintahan Belanda|Hindia Belanda}}
Orang Belanda telah ada kesan yang profound pada pengembangan [[Asia]], terutamanya [[Asia Tenggara]], Taiwan dan Jepun. Dalam beberapa cases orang Belanda adalah orang Eropah yang sering kali penduduk asli bertemu. Oleh kerana itu telah ada sesetengah considerable ethnic stereotyping. Orang Jepun mengambarkan orang Belanda sebagai orang berambut merah yang tidak beradat<ref>Prints were sold as souvenirs to Japanese who visited Nagasaki and hoped to catch a glimpse of these strange "''red-haired barbarians''".'''[http://www.iisg.nl/exhibitions/japaneseprints/ Orang rambut merah yang tidak beradat, Orang Belanda di Jepun (link)]'''.</ref> dan dalam [[bahasa Melayu]] nama panggilan untuk [[Kera berkantan]] adalah "''[[Monyet Belanda]]''".  

===== Keturunan =====
{{Main|Indo (Serani)}}
Setelah Revolusi Indonesia, kebanyakan orang Belanda telah samada melarikan diri atau dibuang secara paksa dari Indonesia.  Meraka adalah dan akan tetapi kacukan Eropah-Indonesia. Sejak adanya [[VOC]] pada tahap terawal beberapa ombak kebanyakan lelaki Belanda berkeputusan untuk tinggal di kepulauan sekarang dikenali sebagai Indonesia. Sepanjang kehadiran Belanda beberapa bilangan penduduk [[Serani]] berbahasa Belanda mengembangkan yang apa dikenali sebagai [[Indo (Serani)|Indo]] atau Indo-Eropah. Hari ini kebanyakan kumpulan ini tinggal di Belanda.

== Diaspora Belanda ==
{{Main|Diaspora Belanda}}

Sejak Perang Dunia II, [[Emigrasi]] Belanda terutamnya berhijrah ke Amerika Syarikat, Kanada, Australia, New Zealand, (hingga zaman 1970an) ke Afrika Selatan. Kini pendatang Belanda dapat ditemui di kebanyakan negara terbangun. Di beberapa tanah jajahan dan penelokaan perdagangan Belanda, ada kumpulan etnik terpencil yang mempunyai darah penuh atau separuh Belanda. 

=== Eropah Timur ===
During the  [[Ostsiedlung]], Germans and Dutch settled east of the [[Elbe]] and [[Saale]] rivers, regions largely inhabited by [[Polabian Slavs]].<ref>[http://oit.boisestate.edu/sknox/thesis/chapt4.html OSTSIEDLUNG]</ref> After the capture of territory along the Elbe and Havel Rivers in the 1160s, Dutch settlers from flooded regions in [[Holland]] used their expertise to build dikes in [[Brandenburg]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://prussianpoland.com/neumark.html |title=Neumark |access-date=2009-02-05 |archive-date=2008-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705033246/http://prussianpoland.com/neumark.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> From the 13th to the 15th centuries, [[Prussia]] invited several waves of Dutch and Frisians to settle throughout the country (mainly along the [[Baltic Sea]] coast)<ref>[http://www.jstor.org/pss/2763957 Dutch and Flemish Colonization in Mediaeval Germany, by James Westfall Thompso]</ref>

In the early-to-mid 1500s, [[Russian Mennonite|Mennonites]] began to move from the [[Low Countries]] (especially [[Friesland]] and [[Flanders]]) to the [[Vistula]] delta region in [[Royal Prussia]], seeking religious freedom and exemption from military service.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pgsa.org/Inter/dutch_populace.php |title="Dutch Populace" in Greater Poland |access-date=2009-02-05 |archive-date=2010-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101118060115/http://www.pgsa.org/Inter/dutch_populace.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> When the Prussian government eliminated exemption from military service on religious grounds, the Mennonites emigrated to [[Russian Empire|Russia]]. They were offered land along the [[Volga River]]. Some settlers left for [[Siberia]] in search for fertile land.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mercator-education.org/research-projects/endangered-languages/immigrants-from-the-netherlands-in-siberia |title=Immigrants from the Netherlands in Siberia? |access-date=2009-02-05 |archive-date=2014-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102193737/http://www.mercator-education.org/research-projects/endangered-languages/immigrants-from-the-netherlands-in-siberia |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Russian capital itself, [[Moscow]], also had a number of Dutch immigrants, mostly working as craftsmen. Arguably the most famous of which was [[Anna Mons]] the mistress of [[Peter I of Russia|Peter the Great]].

Historically Dutch also lived directly East of the German border, most have since been assimilated (apart from ~40,000 recent border migrants), especially since the establishment of Germany itself in 1872. Cultural marks can still be found though. In some villages and towns a [[Dutch Reformed]] church is present, and a number of border districts (such as [[Kleve (district)|Cleves]], [[Borken (district)|Borken]] and [[Viersen (district)|Viersen]]) have towns and village with an etymologically Dutch origin. In the area around [[Cleves]] ([[German language|Ger]].''Kleve'', [[Dutch language|Du.]] ''Kleef'') [[South Guelderish|traditional dialect]] is Dutch, rather than surrounding [[High German|(High/]][[Low German|Low) German]]. More to the South, cities historically housing many Dutch traders have retained Dutch exonyms for example [[Aachen]] (''Aken'') and Cologne/Köln (''Keulen'') to this day.

=== Afrika Selatan ===
{{Main|Afrikaner|Belanda Cape|Boers|Basters}}

[[Fail:Charles Bell - Jan van Riebeeck se aankoms aan die Kaap.jpg|right|220px|thumb|Painting of an account of the arrival of [[Jan van Riebeeck]], by [[Charles Bell (surveyor)|Charles Bell]].]]
In South Africa, the Dutch settled the Cape in 1652. Initially the settlement was meant as a re-supply point and way station for [[Dutch East India Company]] vessels on their way back and forth between the Netherlands and the [[East Indies]]. The support station gradually became a settler community. However, the rural inhabitants of the colony soon began to dislike the power held by the Dutch India Company (it stopped the colony's policy of open immigration, monopolized trade, combined the administrative, legislative and judicial powers into one body, told the farmers what crops to grow, demanded a large percentage of every farmer's harvest, and harassed them.) Slowly these farmers moved away from the Cape, eventually becoming known as '[[trekboers]]', and settled deeper into South Africa and eventually [[Namibia]]. Today the [[Boer]]s and [[Cape Dutch]] are known collectively as the [[Afrikaners]], while the descendants of Cape Dutch and local black women are known as the [[Basters]].

Their main language is Afrikaans, a form of [[creolized]] Dutch, which was considered a Dutch dialect until the late 19th century. Afrikaans and Dutch are [[mutually intelligible]], though this relation can in some fields (such as lexicon, spelling and grammar) be asymmetric, as it is easier for Dutch-speakers to understand Afrikaans than it is for Afrikaans-speakers to understand Dutch.<ref>[http://llc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/21/4/543 Oxford Journal on Mutual Comprehensibility of Written Afrikaans and Dutch]</ref> 

=== Asia Tenggara ===
{{Main|Indo people|Burgher}}

Sejak abad ke-16, telah adanya kehadiran Belanda di [[Asia Tenggara]], Taiwan dan [[Jepun]]. Pada banyak kes orang Belanda adalah bangsa Eropah bpertama yang penduduk asli akan bertemu. Di antara 1602 dan 1796, [[Dutch East India Company|VOC]] mengirim hampir sejuta Eropah untuk bekerja di Asia.<ref>[http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/files/22635/11546101681netherlands_voc_archives.doc/netherlands%2Bvoc%2Barchives.doc Nomination VOC archives for Memory of the World Register]</ref> Kebanyakan mati kerana penyakit atau dapat mencari jalan pulang ke Eropah, tetapi sesetengah mereka membuatkan Indies tanah air baru mereka.<ref>[http://www.dutchmalaysia.net/press/Easternization.html Easternization of the West: Children of the VOC]</ref> Interaksi di antara orang Belanda dan penduduk asli terutamanya mengambil tempat di [[Sri Lanka]] dan [[Kepualauan Indonesia|Kepulauan Indonesia moden]]. Kerap kalinya askar-askar Belanda berkahwin dengan wanita tempatan dan tinggal di tanah jajahan. Dari abad ke abad adanya penduduk bertuturan Belanda yang agak besar yang berketurunan kacukan Belanda dan Indonesia, dikenali sebagai [[Orang Indo]] atau Belanda-Indonesia. Pengusiran orang Belanda pada [[Revolusi Kebangsaan Indonesia|Pemberontakan Indonesia]] selanjutnya, bermakna bahawa kebanyakan kumpulan kininya menetap di Belanda.

=== Australia dan New Zealand ===
::''[[New Zealand European|Main articles: Dutch New Zealanders]], [[:Category:Australians of Dutch descent|Australians of Dutch descent]]

Perhaps the most successful integration of Dutch people took place in Australia and New Zealand. After World War II, thousands of Dutch people emigrated to Australia, peaking in the late 1950s and early 1960s. There are 24 Dutch language programs around Australia and weekly and monthly Dutch [[news paper]]s plus many social, community and religious clubs. Despite these figures, in both Australia and New Zealand Dutch people are highly integrated. Apart from the typical Dutch surnames many descendants bear, they are largely indistinguishable from the largest ethnic groups, the [[Anglo-Celtic Australian]]s (85%<ref>[http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/7d12b0f6763c78caca257061001cc588/af5129cb50e07099ca2570eb0082e462!OpenDocument Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2003, "Population characteristics: Ancestry of Australia's population"] (from ''Australian Social Trends, 2003''). Retrieved September 1, 2006.</ref>
) in Australia and other [[New Zealand European]]s in New Zealand. One major exception exists though. and this concerns senior citizens of Dutch decent, many of whom (because of old age or [[dementia]]) have lost the ability to speak English and fall back on their mother tongue; Dutch. A major social problem as they largely lack a way to communicate. Their children generally do not speak Dutch natively or sufficiently.

=== Amerika Utara ===
[[Fail:Dutch2000.png|230px|thumb|Percentage of [[Dutch Americans]] per U.S. county according to the [[United States Census, 2000|2002 U.S. Census]].]]
[[Fail:Dutch-Americans.jpg|right|thumb|230px|A Dutch family in New York <sup>(c.1880)</sup>]]{{Commons|Notable Dutch people over the ages}}
{{Main|Dutch Americans|Dutch Canadians}}
The Dutch had settled in America long before the establishment of the United States of America.<ref group=nb>The U.S. declared its independence in 1776; the first Dutch settlement was built in 1614: Fort Nassau, where presently Albany, New York is positioned.</ref> For a long time the Dutch lived in Dutch colonies, owned and regulated by the Dutch Republic, which later became part of the [[Thirteen Colonies]]. Nevertheless, many Dutch communities remained virtually isolated towards the rest of America up until the [[American Civil War]], in which the Dutch fought for the North and adopted many American ways.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://library.thinkquest.org/C005615/data/english_text/vanraalte8.html |title=How the Dutch became Americans, American Civil War. (includes reference on fighting for the North) |access-date=2009-02-05 |archive-date=2012-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516103243/http://library.thinkquest.org/C005615/data/english_text/vanraalte8.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Most future waves of Dutch immigrants were quickly assimilated. There have been three American presidents of Dutch descent: [[Martin van Buren]] (8th, first president who was not of British descent, first language was Dutch), [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] (32nd, elected to four terms in office, he served from 1933 to 1945, the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms) and [[Theodore Roosevelt]] (26th).

In Canada 923,310 Canadians claim full or partial Dutch ancestry. The first Dutch people to come to Canada were [[Dutch Americans]] among the [[United Empire Loyalist]]s. The largest wave was in the late 19th and early 20th century, when large numbers of Dutch helped settle the Canadian west. During this period significant numbers also settled in major cities like [[Toronto]]. While interrupted by World War I, this migration returned in the 1920s, but again halted during the [[Great Depression]] and World War II. After the war a large number of Dutch immigrants moved to Canada, including a number of [[war bride]]s of the Canadian soldiers who liberated the Low Countries.

== Rujukan ==
<div class="references-small">
<references />
</div>

== Lihat juga ==
* [[Adat dan etiket Belanda]]
* [[Diaspora Belanda]]
* [[Demografi Belanda]]
* [[Senarai orang Belanda]]

[[Kategori:Masyarakat Belanda]]
[[Kategori:Kelompok etnik di Eropah]]
[[Kategori:Orang Germanik Barat]]