Rangka Kerja Penilaian Tahap Keterukan Pandemik

Rangka Kerjaa Penilaian Tahap Keterukan Pandemik (PSAF; Pandemic Severity Assessment Framework) ialah rangka kerja evaluaasi yang menggunakan kuadran untuk mengevaluasi tahap penularan dan keterukan klinikan dari suatu pandemik dan menggabungkan keduanya ke dalam anggaran kesan secara keseluruhan.^[1] Tahap keterukan klinikal dihitung melalui pelbagai ukuran termasuk tahap kematian kes, nisbah kes hospital, dan tahap kematian hospital. Sementara tahap penularan virus diukur melalui data yang tersedia di antara tahap jangkitan di rumah tangga sekunder, tahap jangkitan di sekolah, tahap jangkitan di tempat kerja, tahap jangkitan dalam komuniti, jangkitan dari darurat dan kunjungan rawatan bergerak untuk penyakit mirip influenza.^[2]^[3]

PSAF menggantikan Indeks Keterukan Pandemik (PSI) 2007, yang menganggarkan tahap penyebaran sebanyak 30% dan mengukur tahap kematian kes (CFR) untuk menilai keterukan dan evolusi pandemik.^[3] Pusat Kawalan dan Pencegahan Penyakit (CDC) Amerika Syarikat menggunapakai PSAF sebagai alat penilaian keterukan pandemik secara rasmi pada tahun 2014,^[4] dan ini digunakan sebagai alat penilaian keterukan pandemik rasmi yang tercantum dalam Strategi Pandemik Nasional CDC pada saat pandemik COVID-19.^[5] Secara umum, suatu tindakan negara untuk mengatasi pandemik didasarkan kepada hasil ujian pengukuran dari tahap keterukan dalam berupa angka, rangka kerja penilaian seperti PSAF memudahkan para penyelidik untuk menghasilkan suatu ukuran yang sah.^[6]

Rujukan

^ Roos, Robert (24 April 2017). "New CDC guidelines on flu pandemic measures reflect 2009 lessons". Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 30 April 2020. Dicapai pada 9 May 2020.
^ Reed, Carrie; Biggerstaff, Matthew; Finelli, Lyn; Koonin, Lisa M.; Beauvais, Denise; Uzicanin, Amra; Plummer, Andrew; Bresee, Joe; Redd, Stephen C. "Novel Framework for Assessing Epidemiologic Effects of Influenza Epidemics and Pandemics - Volume 19, Number 1—January 2013 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC" (dalam bahasa Inggeris). doi:10.3201/eid1901.120124. Cite journal requires |journal= (bantuan)
^ ^a ^b Qualls, Noreen; Levitt, Alexandra; Kanade, Neha; Wright-Jegede, Narue; Dopson, Stephanie; Biggerstaff, Matthew; Reed, Carrie; Uzicanin, Amra (21 April 2017). "Community Mitigation Guidelines to Prevent Pandemic Influenza — United States, 2017" (PDF). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 66 (RR-1): 1–34. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr6601a1. ISSN 1057-5987. PMC 5837128. PMID 28426646. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 9 May 2020. Dicapai pada 10 May 2020.
^ Holloway, Rachel; Rasmussen, Sonja A.; Zaza, Stephanie; Cox, Nancy J.; Jernigan, Daniel B. (26 September 2014). "Updated Preparedness and Response Framework for Influenza Pandemics" (PDF). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 63 (RR-6): 1–18. ISSN 1057-5987. PMID 25254666. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 20 September 2020. Dicapai pada 10 May 2020. This report provides an update to the 2008 framework to reflect experiences with 2009 H1N1 and recent responses to localized outbreaks of novel influenza A viruses. The revised framework also incorporates the recently developed Influenza Risk Assessment Tool (IRAT) (12) and Pandemic Severity Assessment Framework (PSAF) (13)...PSAF replaces the Pandemic Severity Index as a severity assessment tool (13).
^ "Pandemic Severity Assessment Framework (PSAF)". National Pandemic Strategy. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 3 November 2016. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 4 May 2020. Dicapai pada 9 May 2020.
^ Herrero, Carmen; Villar, Antonio (11 September 2020). "A synthetic indicator on the impact of COVID-19 on the community's health". PLOS ONE (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 15 (9): e0238970. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0238970. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 32915873.

[Roos2017-1] Roos, Robert (24 April 2017). "New CDC guidelines on flu pandemic measures reflect 2009 lessons". Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 30 April 2020. Dicapai pada 9 May 2020.

[Reed2013-2] Reed, Carrie; Biggerstaff, Matthew; Finelli, Lyn; Koonin, Lisa M.; Beauvais, Denise; Uzicanin, Amra; Plummer, Andrew; Bresee, Joe; Redd, Stephen C. "Novel Framework for Assessing Epidemiologic Effects of Influenza Epidemics and Pandemics - Volume 19, Number 1—January 2013 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC" (dalam bahasa Inggeris). doi:10.3201/eid1901.120124. Cite journal requires |journal= (bantuan)

[Qualls2017-3] Qualls, Noreen; Levitt, Alexandra; Kanade, Neha; Wright-Jegede, Narue; Dopson, Stephanie; Biggerstaff, Matthew; Reed, Carrie; Uzicanin, Amra (21 April 2017). "Community Mitigation Guidelines to Prevent Pandemic Influenza — United States, 2017" (PDF). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 66 (RR-1): 1–34. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr6601a1. ISSN 1057-5987. PMC 5837128. PMID 28426646. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 9 May 2020. Dicapai pada 10 May 2020.

[Holloway2014-4] Holloway, Rachel; Rasmussen, Sonja A.; Zaza, Stephanie; Cox, Nancy J.; Jernigan, Daniel B. (26 September 2014). "Updated Preparedness and Response Framework for Influenza Pandemics" (PDF). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 63 (RR-6): 1–18. ISSN 1057-5987. PMID 25254666. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 20 September 2020. Dicapai pada 10 May 2020. This report provides an update to the 2008 framework to reflect experiences with 2009 H1N1 and recent responses to localized outbreaks of novel influenza A viruses. The revised framework also incorporates the recently developed Influenza Risk Assessment Tool (IRAT) (12) and Pandemic Severity Assessment Framework (PSAF) (13)...PSAF replaces the Pandemic Severity Index as a severity assessment tool (13).

[CDCNPS2016-5] "Pandemic Severity Assessment Framework (PSAF)". National Pandemic Strategy. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 3 November 2016. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 4 May 2020. Dicapai pada 9 May 2020.

[6] Herrero, Carmen; Villar, Antonio (11 September 2020). "A synthetic indicator on the impact of COVID-19 on the community's health". PLOS ONE (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 15 (9): e0238970. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0238970. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 32915873.

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