Agama di Pakistan
Di Pakistan, agama Islam dijadikan sebagai agama negara berdasarkan Artikel 2 Perlembagaan Pakistan, dan diamalkan oleh 96.47% populasi negara.[6][7] Kebebasan beragama adalah terjamin dalam perlembagaan lalu memberi hak sama rata kepada semua rakyat Pakistan tanpa mengira agama. Selain itu, beberapa aspek sekularisme daripada zaman kolonial turut diterapkan dalam perlembagaan.[8] Baki yang lain menganuti agama-agama seperti Hinduisme, Kristian, Ahmadiyah, Sikhisme serta agama-agama lain.[9][10] Walau bagaimanapun, golongan agama minoriti Pakistan sering mengalami diskriminasi, termasuk menjadi mangsa keganasan.[11][12] Sebelum kedatangan Islam pada awal abad ke-8, kawasan Pakistan terdiri daripada masyarakat dengan pelbagai kepercayaan, lazimnya Hinduisme dan Buddhisme.[13]
Masyarakat Muslim terdiri daripada beberapa aliran: majoriti masyarakat menuruti Islam Sunni (anggaran 85–90%), manakala ada minoriti Syiah (anggaran 10–15%).[14][15][16] Hampir keseluruhan Muslim di negara ini berpegang kepada mazhab Hanafi.[9] Sementara itu, golongan Syiah menuruti mazhab Syiah Imam Dua Belas, dengan minoriti ketara menuruti Ismailisme, termasuk Nizari (Aga Khan), Mustaali, Dawoodi Bohra, Sulaymani dan lain-lain.
Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/sailent_feature_%20census_2017.pdf
- ^ http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/pakistan#/?affiliations_religion_id=16&affiliations_year=2010®ion_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2020
- ^ https://www.refworld.org/docid/5ba0ae0e7.html
- ^ Riazul Haq and Shahbaz Rana (27 May 2018). "Headcount finalised sans third-party audit". Dicapai pada 23 January 2021.
- ^ "Population By Religion" (PDF). Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Government of Pakistan: 1.
"Population Distribution by Religion, 1998 Census" (PDF). Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. Dicapai pada 12 July 2020. - ^ "SALIENT FEATURES OF FINAL RESULTS CENSUS-2017" (PDF). Dicapai pada 20 Mei 2021.
- ^ http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part1.html
- ^ 2014 World Population Data Sheet (PDF). Population Reference Bureau (Laporan). Ogos 2014. Dicapai pada 2014-10-24.
- ^ a b "Pakistan, Islam in". Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies. Oxford University Press. Dicapai pada 2010-08-29.
Approximately 97 percent of Pakistanis are Muslims. The majority are Sunnis following the Hanafi school of Islamic law. Between 10–15 percent are Shiis, mostly Twelvers.
- ^ "Religions: Muslim 97% (Sunni 75%, Shia 20%), other". Pakistan (includes Christian and Hindu) 4%. The World Factbook. CIA. 2010. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2018-12-26. Dicapai pada 2010-08-28.
- ^ Global Human Rights Defence. "Human Rights Report 2019" (PDF). Dicapai pada 4 Jun 2019.
- ^ "Pakistan: Islamists angry at new law against forced conversions". FRANCE 24 English. 3 Januari 2017. Dicapai pada 1 October 2020.
- ^ Derryl N. Maclean" Religion and Society in Arab Sind", p. 52, BRILL, (1989) ISBN 90-04-08551-3.
- ^ "Country Profile: Pakistan" (PDF). Library of Congress Country Studies on Pakistan. Perpustakaan Kongres. Februari 2005. Dicapai pada 2010-09-01.
About 97 percent of Pakistanis are Muslim, 77 percent of whom are Sunni and 20 percent Shia
- ^ "Religions: Muslim (official) 96.4% (Sunni 85-90%, Shia 10-15%), other (includes Christian and Hindu) 3.6% (2010 est.)". The World Factbook. CIA. 2010. Dicapai pada 2020-12-30.
- ^ "The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity". Pew Research Center. 9 August 2012. Dicapai pada 26 December 2016.
On the other hand, in Pakistan, where 6% of the survey respondents identify as Shia, Sunni attitudes are more mixed: 50% say Shias are Muslims, while 41% say they are not.