Jabatan Filipina
| Jabatan Filipina | |
|---|---|
 Insignia bahu lengan Jabatan Filipina | |
| Aktif | 13 Januari 1911 – 9 April 1942 |
| Negara | Amerika Syarikat |
| Sebahagian daripada | Jabatan Perang |
| Pangkalan | Fort Santiago, Manila, Luzon |
| Kawat | Perang Dunia II |
Jabatan Filipina (Bahasa Filipino: Kagawaran ng Pilipinas/Hukbong Kagawaran ng Pilipinas) adalah unit tetap Tentera Darat Amerika Syarikat yang mempunyai misi mempertahankan Kepulauan Filipina dan melatih Tentera Darat Filipina. Pada 9 April 1942, semasa Perang Dunia II, unit ini menyerahkalah kepada Jepun. Jabatan itu dan sub-unitnya berada dibawah pemerintahan pegawai Amerika, termasuk seorang jeneral Amerika, manakala majoriti askarnya adalah tentera Filipina, dikenali sebagai Pengawal Filipina (PS). Pasukan utama Jabatan ini adalah Divisyen Filipina. Daripada jumlah 22,532 askar, 10,473 anggotanya datang dari Divisyen Filipina sendiri.
Lambang formasi Jabatan Filipina[sunting | sunting sumber]
Semua unit Jabatan memakai insignia bahu lengan Jabatan Filipina, dengan pengecualian Divisyen Filipina, yang memakai lambang formasi mereka sendiri: kepala kerbau emas di atas perisai merah.
Secara rasmi, insignia Jabatan Filipina memaparkan Singa Laut Filipina, berwarna putih, melapisi bentuk bujur berwarna biru dengan ketinggian 2.5 inci. Singa Laut berasal dari jata Manila. Insignia Jabatan Filipina dan Divisyen Filipina telah diluluskan pada 8 Julai 1922.
Para Komander Jabatan Filipina[sunting | sunting sumber]
- 13 Januari 1911 – 5 Mac 1914 – Mejar Jeneral J. Franklin Bell
- 5 Mac 1914 – April 1916 – Mejar Jeneral Thomas H. Barry
- April 1916 – April 1917 – Mejar Jeneral Hunter Liggett
- April 1917 – 5 Ogos 1917 – Mejar Jeneral Charles J. Bailey
- 5 Ogos 1917 – 5 Ogos 1918—Brigedier Jeneral Robert K. Evans
- 1919 – 1922—Mejar Jeneral Francis J. Kernan
- 1922-1923-Mejar Jeneral William M. Wright
- 1923 – 1924—Mejar Jeneral George W. Read
- 1924 – 1925—Mejar Jeneral James H. McRae
- 1925 – 1926—Mejar Jeneral William Weigel
- 1926 – Mejar Jeneral Frederick W. Sladen
- 1926 – 26 April 1927—Mejar Jeneral William Weigel
- 26 April 1927 – Mac 1928—Mejar jeneral Johnson Hagood
- Mac 1928 – September 1928—Mejar Jeneral William Lassiter
- September 1928 – 1 Oktober 1930 – Mejar Jeneral Douglas MacArthur
- 1 Oktober 1930 – Mac 1932 – Mejar Jeneral John L. Hines
- Mac 1932 – 28 Februari 1934—Mejar Jeneral E.E. Booth
- 28 Februari 1934 – 11 Disember 1935—Mejar Jeneral Frank Parker
- 22 Januari 1936 – Februari 1938 – Mejar Jeneral Lucius Roy Holbrook
- Februari 1938 – Julai 1939—Mejar Jeneral John H. Hughes
- Julai 1939 – 31 Mei 1940—Mejar Jeneral Walter Grant
- 31 Mei 1940 – 23 Oktober 1941 – Mejar Jeneral George Grunert
- 23 Oktober 1941 – 30 Disember 1941 – Leftenan Jeneral Douglas MacArthur
- 30 Disember 1941 – 9 April 1942—Brigedier Jeneral Allan C. McBride
USAFFE[sunting | sunting sumber]
Unit ini secara rasminya disusun pada tahun 1913 dan, pada 26 Julai 1941, telah ditempatkan di Angkatan Tentera Darat Amerika Syarikat di Timur Jauh (USAFFE). Susulan dari kewujudan USAFFE, Jabatan Filipina menjadi sebuah markas perkhidmatan kawasan kor. Markas taktikal kemudiannya berada dibawah USAFFE.
Pada masa pembentukan USAFFE, unit ini mengandungi 22,532 askar. Daripada 1,340 pegawai, 775 adalah askar simpanan. 7,293 askar ditugaskan ke infantri dan 4,967 lagi ditugaskan ke Pasukan Pertahanan Pelabuhan Teluk Manila dan Teluk Subic. ~2,500 askar bertugas di posisi perkhidmatan atau bekalan, terutamanya kuartermaster atau unit perubatan. Majoriti tentera Jabatan berpangkalan di Luzon.
Pasukan Tentera Darat AS – Filipina – 31 Julai 1941[sunting | sunting sumber]
Jumlah kekuatan: 22,532 (1,434 pegawai, 21,098 lain-lain pangkat, termasuk 11,937 Pengawal Filipina)
- Markas USAFFE (5)
- Markas Jabatan Filipina (289)
- Divisyen Filipina (10,473)
- Rejimen Ke-26 Kavalri (PS) (838)
- Rejimen Ke-43 Infantri (PS) (329)
- Rejimen Ke-86 Artileri Medan (PS) (388)
- Rejimen Ke-88 Artileri Medan (PS) (518)
- Kompeni Ke-808 Polis Tentera (69)
- Pasukan Pertahanan Pelabuhan Teluk Manila dan Teluk Subic (5,360)
- Kor Udara Tentera Darat Filipina (2,407)
- Detasmen Perkhidmatan (1,836)
- Lain (20)
Jabatan Filipina pada tahun 1914[sunting | sunting sumber]
Markas Besar:
- Fort Santiago, Manila, Luzon
Pasukan:
- Kompeni Ke-4 Hospital Medan dan Ambulans
- Markas Kompeni K, Jurutera Ke-3
- Markas Kompeni L, Jurutera Ke-3
- Kompeni F, Kor Semboyan
- Kompeni L, Kor Semboyan
- Briged Ke-7 Kavalri
- Briged Ke-8 Kavalri
- Rejimen Ke-2 Artileri Medan (AS)
- Pasukan Pertahanan Pelabuhan Teluk Manila dan Teluk Subic
- Rejimen Ke-8 Infantri
- Rejimen Ke-13 Infantri
- Rejimen Ke-24 Infantri
- Ekspedisi China (Infantri Ke-15)
Jumlah kasualti[sunting | sunting sumber]
Ruj: Suruhanjaya Monumen Medan Perang Amerika
- {Untuk rujukan sahaja. PS=Philippine Scouts}
Angkatan Filipina[sunting | sunting sumber]
| Unit | 1941–1945 | 1946 |
| 1st Training Squadron | ||
| 1st Philippine Coast Artillery Regt | 1 | |
| 2nd Philippine Coast Artillery | 5 | 1 |
| 1st Philippine Regular Division: | ||
| • 1st Philippine Infantry Regiment | ||
| • 2nd Philippine Infantry Regiment | ||
| • 3rd Philippine Infantry Regiment | 3 | |
| 2nd Philippine Division (Philippine Constabulary): | ||
| • 1st Regiment Philippine Constabulary | ||
| • 2nd Regiment Philippine Constabulary | ||
| • 3rd Regiment Philippine Constabulary | ||
| • 4th Regiment Philippine Constabulary | ||
| • 4th Veterinary Company (PS). | 5 | |
| 5th Photo Detachment | ||
| 6th Pursuit Squadron | 1 | |
| 9th Observation Squadron | ||
| 10th Fighter-Bomber Squadron | ||
| 1st Philippine Division: | ||
| • 11th Infantry Regiment | ||
| • 12th Infantry Regiment | 2 | |
| • 13th Infantry Regiment | ||
| 12th Ordnance Company (PS) | 45 | |
| 12th Signal Regiment (PS) | ||
| 12th Signal Company (PS) | 77 | |
| 12th Medical Regiment(PS) | 13 | |
| 12th Medical Battalion(PS) | 12 | |
| 12th Military Police Company (PS) | 40 | |
| 12th Quartermaster Regiment (PS) | 90 | |
| 12th Quartermaster Battalion(PS) | 73 | |
| 14th Engineer Regiment (PS) | 324 | |
| 21st Philippine Division | 1 | |
| • 21st Engineer Battalion | 2 | |
| • 21st Field Artillery Regiment | 3 | |
| • 21st Infantry Regiment | 3 | |
| • 22nd Infantry Regiment | 3 | |
| • 23rd Infantry Regiment | 3 | |
| 23rd Field Artillery Regiment (PS). | 161 | |
| 24th Field Artillery Regiment (PS) | 310 | |
| 25th Field Artillery Regiment | ||
| 26th Cavalry Regiment (PS) | 264 | 37 |
| 26th Infantry Regiment (PS) | 1 | |
| 31st Philippine Division: | ||
| • 31st Engineer Battalion | 1 | |
| • 31st Field Artillery Regiment | 2 | |
| • 31st Infantry Regiment | 6 | |
| • 32nd Infantry regiment | 3 | |
| 34th Quartermaster Co (PS) | 6 | 2 |
| 41st Philippine Division: | ||
| • {General Officers} | 1 | |
| • 41st Engineer Battalion | 1 | |
| • 41st Infantry Regiment | 5 | 1 |
| • 42nd Infantry Regiment | 4 | |
| 43rd Infantry Regiment (PS) | 28 | 3 |
| 45th Infantry Regiment (PS) | 983 | 58 |
| • 47th Infantry Regiment (Provisional) | 1 | |
| 47th Motor Transport Co | 1 | |
| 51st Philippine Division: | ||
| • 51st Field Artillery Regiment | 4 | |
| • 51st Infantry Regiment | 4 | |
| • 52nd Infantry Regiment | 4 | |
| • 53rd Infantry Regiment | 4 | |
| • 54th Infantry Regiment (Provisional) | 1 | |
| • 57th Infantry Regiment (PS) | 878 | 105 |
| 59th Coast Artillery Regiment | 1 | |
| 61st Philippine Division: | ||
| • 61st Field Artillery Regiment | 3 | |
| • 62nd Infantry Regiment | 4 | |
| • 63rd Infantry Regiment | 1 | |
| 65th Quartermaster Troops {PS} | 18 | |
| 66th Quartermaster Troops {PS} | 18 | 3 |
| 71st Philippine Division: | ||
| • 71st Engineer Battalion | 10 | |
| • 71st Field Artillery Regiment | 1 | |
| • 71st Infantry Regiment | 2 | |
| • 72nd Infantry Regiment | 6 | |
| • 73rd Infantry Regiment. | 3 | |
| • 75th Infantry Regiment (Provisional) | 1 | |
| 74th Philippine Infantry Regiment (Provisional) | 1 | |
| 74th Quartermaster Baking Co {PS} | 17 | |
| 76th Ordnance Company | ||
| 81st Philippine Division: | ||
| • 86th Field Artillery Battalion (PS) | 154 | 7 |
| • 86th Field Artillery Regiment (PS) | 8 | |
| • 88th Field Artillery Battalion (PS) | 3 | |
| • 88th Field Artillery Regiment (PS) | 175 | 13 |
| 91st Philippine Division: | ||
| • 91st Infantry Regiment | 1 | |
| • 91st Coast Artillery Regiment(PS) | 198 | 5 |
| • 92nd Coast Artillery Regiment(PS) | 191 | 9 |
| 101st Philippine Division: | ||
| 102nd Philippine Division: | ||
| 120th Ordnance Company (PS) | 1 | |
| 252nd Signal Const. Com. (PS) | 44 | |
| Special Troops |
Angkatan AS[sunting | sunting sumber]
| Unit | 1941–1945 | 1946 |
|---|---|---|
| 4th Chemical Co (Aviation) | 35 | |
| US 4th Composite Group | ||
| 6th Field Artillery Regiment | ||
| U.S. 20th Air Base Group | ||
| 27th Air Material Squadron | 73 | 2 |
| 28th Air Material Squadron | 90 | 2 |
| 19th Air Base Squadron | 1 | |
| 28th Bombardment Squadron | 124 | 8 |
| US 31st Infantry Regiment | 914 | 24 |
| 50th Coast Artillery Regiment | 7 | |
| 59th Coast Artillery Regiment | 307 | 6 (+1, 1948) |
| 60th Coast Artillery (AA) Regiment | 387 | 3 |
| 75th Ordnance Deport Company | 3 | |
| 75th Ordnance Company | 35 | |
| 192nd Tank Battalion | 188 | 1 |
| 194th Tank Battalion | 183 | |
| 200th Coast Artillery (AA) Regiment | 374 | |
| 515th Coastal Artillery | 206 | 1 |
| 803rd Engineer Aviation Battalion | 232 | |
| 808th Military Police Company | 89 | 1 |
| Jenis | TL | USMC |
|---|---|---|
| KIA | 337 | 89 |
| Wounded died later | 2 | |
| Died POW | 630 | 413 |
| Invalided from Service | 3 | 1 |
- Note: Marin adalah Marin Ke-4[2][3]
Kasualti/kerugian Tentera Laut AS[sunting | sunting sumber]
| Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron Three: |
| • PT-34: 2 killed 3 wounded |
| • Houston (CA-30) : 693 fatalities |
| • USS Asheville: 160 fatalities {No survivors by Wars end} |
| • USS Oahu: 55 fatalities {No Survivors} |
Kasualti Marin Dagang AS – Filipina 1941)[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Lihat Chronological List of U.S. Ships Sunk or Damaged 1939 to 1941, usmm.org
Lihat juga[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Tentera Udara Timur Jauh (United States)
- Sejarah ketenteraan Filipina
- Sejarah ketenteraan Amerika Syarikat
Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ US Navy and Marine Corps Personnel Casualties in World War II, Naval Historical Center
- ^ 4th Marine Regiment, Globalsecurity.org
- ^ J. Michael Miller, Attack of the 4th Battalion, U.S. National Park Service